Elaboração de informativo sobre a violência contra o idoso: relato de estudantes de enfermagem

Os idosos correspondem ao grupo populacional de maior crescimento, exigindo mudanças na estrutura da sociedade para lidar com suas demandas. Um dos grandes problemas de saúde enfrentados pelos idosos é a violência, que se torna mais frequente com o avanço da idade e da senilidade, exigindo amparo e resolutividade de profissionais que não estão aptos a enfrentar o problema. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a elaboração de um informativo voltado à prevenção da violência contra o idoso. A elaboração do informativo possibilitou a discussão acerca do tema na comunidade acadêmica, contribuindo para fomento do assunto, maior compreensão acerca do tema e perspectivas de resolutividade. Possibilitou preparar alunos de graduação a enfrentar a violência contra o idosos no âmbito profissional. O desenvolvimento da atividade contribuiu para maior disseminação do conhecimento acerca da violência contra o idoso, possibilitou engajamento dos graduandos para resolução do problema, além de apresentar um exemplo exitoso de instrumento que pode ser utilizado para capacitação de profissionais para enfrentamento da violência e garantia de direitos ao idoso.Palavras-chave: Saúde do Idoso; Violência; Indicadores Básicos de Saúde; Geriatria; Enfermagem

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

AMICUS CURIAE COMO ESTRATEGIA PARA LA APLICACIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN CLÍNICA: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO EN LEGISLATIVO MUNICIPAL

Introdução: A Clínica Jurídica FPM representa um método inovador, que busca a integração prática do ensino-pesquisa-extensão, contribuindo para o ensino jurídico de qualidade. Dentre as atuações exercidas pela Clínica está a realização de pareceres como Amicus Curiae, que representa o amigo da Corte ou do Tribunal, o terceiro que ingressa no processo para fornecer subsídios ao órgão jurisdicional para o julgamento da causa (BRASIL, 2015-art.138). Na presente atuação, os alunos e professores, através de pesquisas e análises críticas, elencaram as lacunas existentes nas normas municipais (Lei 9.985/2000, Lei 6.880/2014 e Lei Complementar nº 271/2006 ), definindo as adequações municipal às leis ambientais existentes (SNUC, Código Florestal e outras), auxiliando o poder legislativo municipal na definição da melhor norma para a preservação do Parque de Preservação Mata do Catingueiro – Maciço e da Mata do Cachorro. Objetivos: Geral: verificar como a Clínica Jurídica FPM pode contribuir, através da elaboração de Parecer como Amicus Curiae, na adequação legislativa de proteção integral da área da Mata do Catingueiro e Mata do Cachorro em Patos de Minas/MG. Específicos: definir procedimento de atuação da Clínica Jurídica FPM como Amicus Curiae; comparar as normas municipais e projetos sobre a área pesquisa com a legislação ambiental e elaborar parecer de Amicus Curiae como produto de auxílio realizado pela Clínica Jurídica FPM. Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho, consiste em uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, de cunho qualitativa, com análise jurídico-normativo, tendo como base um estudo de caso (case law), através dos projetos de lei que buscam a alteração, em sede legislativa municipal (Câmara dos Vereadores), da natureza da proteção do Parque. Considerações Finais: Conclui-se que a aplicação do Amicus Curiae proporcionou aprofundamento prático do processo de aprendizado dos acadêmicos, por pesquisas normativas, buscando contribuir com a reestruturação normativa da proteção integral do meio ambiente nas áreas pesquisadas

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ