Análisis comparativo de la movilidad sustentable en la CDMX y Santiago de Chile

Sustainable mobility is one of the pending issues in the metropolises that aspire to develop in a scenario typical of smart cities, within the framework of the 2030 Agenda and the Objectives for Sustainable Development. In this research, the mobility in Mexico City and Santiago de Chile is addressed, through a comparative analysis of public policies and national and local regulatory instruments that regulate the general aspects of the goals or objectives for mitigating climate change and transitioning into a sustainable mobility scheme. With a qualitative approach and an exploratory and descriptive scope, the research aims to show the dissimilarities, convergences, and opportunities of the two cities to reach this transition. In a context in which the Global Emissions Gap Report shows that Mexico is not even on the path to meeting its own goals in this area and that the countries of Latin America, in general, are not making sufficient efforts to mitigate emissions in highly strategic sectors, both Mexico and Chile are characterized by promoting, signing, and ratifying international treaties on the reduction of GHG emissions, incorporating these agreements into their regulatory framework and planning schemes. However, at the execution level, there is an evident lack of fully effective instruments.La movilidad sustentable es una de las asignaturas pendientes en las metrópolis que aspiran a desarrollarse en un escenario propio de las ciudades inteligentes, de conformidad con la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos para el Desarrollo Sostenible. La presente investigación aborda la movilidad en la Ciudad de México y en Santiago de Chile, mediante un análisis comparativo de las políticas públicas y los instrumentos normativos nacionales y locales que abordan los aspectos generales de las metas u objetivos para mitigar el cambio climático y transitar a un esquema de movilidad sustentable. Con un enfoque cualitativo y un alcance exploratorio y descriptivo, en la investigación se busca evidenciar las disimilitudes, convergencias y oportunidades que tienen las dos ciudades para arribar a dicha transición. Esto, en un contexto en el que el Reporte Global de Brecha de Emisiones evidencia que México no está en el camino ni siquiera de cumplir con sus propias metas en la materia y que los países de América Latina, en general, no están haciendo los esfuerzos suficientes para mitigar las emisiones en sectores altamente estratégicos. Tanto México como Chile se caracterizan por promover, firmar y ratificar los tratados internacionales sobre la reducción de emisiones de GEI, y han incorporado los acuerdos en su marco normativo y esquemas de planeación. Sin embargo, en el nivel de ejecución, se aprecia la falta de instrumentos totalmente efectivos

Measuring business sustainability maturity-levels and best practices

There has been an increasing interest in corporate sustainability (CS) and how companies should strive for it in order to satisfy stakeholders’ demands concerning social, economic, and environmental impacts. The purpose of this paper was to identify the best sustainability practices and the sustainability maturity levels that allow manufacturing and service companies to contribute to sustainable development in the long run. Based on a qualitative approach, a comparative study of five large companies was deployed in order to determine their sustainability maturity levels and best practices. The research method consisted of a critical review of the literature and category analysis concerning corporate sustainability trends and some of the best well-known performance frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), business excellence models (BEMs), and international standards. The main findings reveal that companies’ sustainability maturity levels range from satisfactory to sophisticated in several sustainability aspects. Best sustainability practices found in this sample include the use of certifications such as ISO 9000, ISO 14001, GRI, and CSR, among others, combined with the systematic use of BEMs over many years. Finally, several key processes such as self-assessment, benchmarking, corporate reporting, strategic planning, and systematic training were found to be significant in helping manufacturing and service organisations achieve their business sustainability objectives.N/

Innovation and agri-food networks for rural development in Mexico: European success stories

Objetivo. Esta investigación identifica las principales características de las redes agroalimentarias europeas como una aproximación de experiencias para la construcción del diseño de políticas públicas en México en el sector.Metodología. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo a partir de información de 14 redes y clústeres europeos relacionados con el desarrollo rural y el sector agroalimentario, asimismo se recurrió a publicaciones, informes y páginas web de las redes. Hallazgos. Se identifican acciones colaborativas entre las redes agroalimentarias europeas y la sociedad, principalmente del sector primario mediante eventos, reuniones, jornadas, charlas, encuentros con los distintos actores de la red y otras redes.Originalidad. Las organizaciones rurales europeas presentan trabajo colaborativo basado en la transdisciplinariedad y la innovación sostenible. Conclusiones y limitaciones. Las políticas públicas para la transferencia del conocimiento y tecnológica en el campo mexicano deben convertirse de una innovación lineal hacia la promoción del modelo de innovación interactivo o en red.Purpose. This research identifies the main characteristics of agri-food European networks as an approximation of experiences for the construction of the design of public policies in Mexico in the sector. Methodology. A qualitative analysis was carried out based on information from 14 European networks and clusters related to rural development and the agri-food sector, as well as the networks' publications, reports, and web pages. Findings. Collaborative actions are identified between European agri-food networks and society, mainly from the primary sector through events, meetings, conferences, talks, and meetings with the different actors of the network and other networks.Originality. European rural organizations present collaborative work based on transdisciplinary and sustainable innovation. Conclusions and limitations. Public policies for the transfer of knowledge and technology in the Mexican countryside must be converted from a linear innovation towards the promotion of the interactive innovation model or network

Handbook of Active Ageing and Quality of Life: From Concepts to Applications

La edición de este libro estuvo a cargo de Fermina Rojo-Pérez y Gloria Fernández-Mayoralas.El documento adjunto contiene la cubierta, portada e índice del libro.This handbook presents an overview of studies on the relationship of active ageing and quality of life. It addresses the new challenges of ageing from the paradigm of positive ageing (active, healthy and successful) for a better quality of life. It provides theoretical perspectives and empirical studies, including scientific knowledge as well as practical experiences about the good ageing and the quality of later life around the world, in order to respond to the challenges of an aged population. The handbook is structured in 4 sections covering theoretical and conceptual perspectives, social policy issues and research agenda, methods, measurement instrument-scales and evaluations, and lastly application studies including domains and geographical contexts.Peer reviewe

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Does the new public management contribute to improving the performance of obstetric care in Mexico public hospitals?

In pursuit of higher performance in the Public Administration, the Mexican government implemented the New Public Management (NPM) model in 2008, with the aim of correcting deficiencies in its public services - including those of the Ministry of Health (MoH) -. In ten years of work under the new model, no information has been provided on the effects of NPM on the performance indicators, such as effectiveness and efficiency, of government institutions. The present study had the objective to analyze the impact of the NPM on the effectiveness and efficiency of MoH care facilities. Effectiveness was evaluated as the proportion of hospital discharges (HD) indicating a recovery diagnosis, and efficiency as the average length of hospital stays, modeled with survival analysis and local kernel regression methods. Data analyzed pertained to a time series of 16.5 million obstetric HD (64% of total discharges) produced from 2000 to 2015. The results revealed high levels of effectiveness (98% of HD with recovery diagnosis) and efficiency (an average hospital stay of 1.74 days), before and after NPM. The consistently high performance throughout the period analyzed, indicate that MoH hospitals had attained optimal effectiveness and efficiency levels prior to the NPM implementation. The indistinctive impact of the public management reform may suggest that NPM was applied as a blanket solution without considering institutional specificities.En la búsqueda de mejorar el desempeño de la administración pública, el gobierno mexicano implementó, en 2008, la Nueva Gestión Pública (NGP). Con este modelo se pretendía corregir las deficiencias en la provisión de servicios públicos, incluidos los otorgados por la Secretaría de Salud. A diez años de su implementación, se desconoce la contribución de la NGP en el desempeño de los hospitales de la Secretaría de Salud de México. El presente estudio analizó el impacto de la NGP en la efectividad y eficiencia (dos de los principales indicadores de desempeño hospitalario) de la atención obstétrica (la principal actividad hospitalaria -64% del total de egresos hospitalarios-) en la Secretaría de Salud. Los datos analizados corresponden a una serie temporal de 16,5 millones de egresos hospitalarios obstétricos producidos entre 2000 y 2015. La efectividad se midió como la proporción de egresos con diagnóstico de recuperación y la eficiencia como el promedio de día estancia. El cambio en la eficiencia, antes y después de la implementación de la NGP, se modeló con análisis de sobrevida y Regresión Kernel. Los resultados revelaron altos niveles de efectividad (98% de egresos hospitalarios con diagnóstico de recuperación) y eficiencia (una estancia hospitalaria promedio de 1,74 días), antes y después de NGP. El alto rendimiento, constante durante todo el período analizado, indica que los hospitales de la Secretaría de Salud alcanzaron, y conservaron, niveles óptimos de efectividad y eficiencia antes y después de la implementación de la NGP. La falta de impacto de esta reforma en la gestión pública puede sugerir que el NGP se aplicó como una solución general sin considerar las especificidades institucionales

Incentivos, motivações e benefícios da incorporação da gestão ambiental nas empresas

La mayoría de las empresas desconoce los incentivos, las motivaciones y los beneficios de incorporar la gestión ambiental como herramienta de regulación de sus acciones de sustentabilidad. Para esta investigación, que procura responder a esa necesidad, se formuló un cuestionario a diez empresas que participan en el Programa Nacional de Auditoría Ambiental (PNAA), en México. Se encontró que los incentivos para incluirla son el corporativismo verde, los grupos de interés, el consumidor y el mercado verde. Las motivaciones, por su parte, son el perfil empresarial, los recursos y las capacidades, la estrategia de negocio y la gestión de acciones de sustentabilidad. Los beneficios son económicos, sociales, ambientales y en materia de competitividad.A maioria das empresas desconhecem os incentivos, motivações e benefícios de incorporar a gestão ambiental como ferramenta de regulação de suas ações de sustentabilidade. Para a realização desta pesquisa, que procura responder a essa necessidade, se realizou um questioná- rio a dez empresas que participam no Programa Nacional de Auditoria Ambiental (PNAA), no México. Se encontrou que os incentivos que têm para incorporar dita gestão são o corporativismo verde, os grupos de interesse, o consumidor e o mercado verde, as motivações, por sua parte, são o perfil empresarial, os recursos e capacidades, a estratégia de negócio e a gestão de ações de sustentabilidade. Finalmente, os benefícios são económicos, sociais, ambientais e em matéria de competitividade.The majority of companies are unaware of the incentives, motivations and benefits of including environmental management as a tool with which to regulate their sustainability actions. To carry out this research, which endeavors to satisfy this need, ten companies which participate in the National Environmental Audit Program in Mexico (NEAP) completed a questionnaire. It was found that the incentives they have to include this type of management are green corporatism, stakeholders, the consumer and the green market. The motivations, for their part, are the entrepreneurial profile, the resources and capabilities, the business strategy, and the management of sustainability actions. Finally, the benefits are economic, social, environmental and competitive

Incentivos, motivações e benefícios da incorporação da gestão ambiental nas empresas

La mayoría de las empresas desconoce los incentivos, las motivaciones y los beneficios de incorporar la gestión ambiental como herramienta de regulación de sus acciones de sustentabilidad. Para esta investigación, que procura responder a esa necesidad, se formuló un cuestionario a diez empresas que participan en el Programa Nacional de Auditoría Ambiental (PNAA), en México. Se encontró que los incentivos para incluirla son el corporativismo verde, los grupos de interés, el consumidor y el mercado verde. Las motivaciones, por su parte, son el perfil empresarial, los recursos y las capacidades, la estrategia de negocio y la gestión de acciones de sustentabilidad. Los beneficios son económicos, sociales, ambientales y en materia de competitividad.A maioria das empresas desconhecem os incentivos, motivações e benefícios de incorporar a gestão ambiental como ferramenta de regulação de suas ações de sustentabilidade. Para a realização desta pesquisa, que procura responder a essa necessidade, se realizou um questioná- rio a dez empresas que participam no Programa Nacional de Auditoria Ambiental (PNAA), no México. Se encontrou que os incentivos que têm para incorporar dita gestão são o corporativismo verde, os grupos de interesse, o consumidor e o mercado verde, as motivações, por sua parte, são o perfil empresarial, os recursos e capacidades, a estratégia de negócio e a gestão de ações de sustentabilidade. Finalmente, os benefícios são económicos, sociais, ambientais e em matéria de competitividade.The majority of companies are unaware of the incentives, motivations and benefits of including environmental management as a tool with which to regulate their sustainability actions. To carry out this research, which endeavors to satisfy this need, ten companies which participate in the National Environmental Audit Program in Mexico (NEAP) completed a questionnaire. It was found that the incentives they have to include this type of management are green corporatism, stakeholders, the consumer and the green market. The motivations, for their part, are the entrepreneurial profile, the resources and capabilities, the business strategy, and the management of sustainability actions. Finally, the benefits are economic, social, environmental and competitive

Incentivos, motivaciones y beneficios de la incorporación de la gestión ambiental en las empresas

The majority of companies are unaware of the incentives, motivations and benefits of including environmental management as a tool with which to regulate their sustainability actions. To carry out this research, which endeavors to satisfy this need, ten companies which participate in the National Environmental Audit Program in Mexico (NEAP) completed a questionnaire. It was found that the incentives they have to include this type of management are green corporatism, stakeholders, the consumer and the green market. The motivations, for their part, are the entrepreneurial profile, the resources and capabilities, the business strategy, and the management of sustainability actions. Finally, the benefits are economic, social, environmental and competitive.A maioria das empresas desconhecem os incentivos, motivações e benefícios de incorporar a gestão ambiental como ferramenta de regulação de suas ações de sustentabilidade. Para a realização desta pesquisa, que procura responder a essa necessidade, se realizou um questionário a dez empresas que participam no Programa Nacional de Auditoria Ambiental (PNAA), no México. Se encontrou que os incentivos que têm para incorporar dita gestão são o corporativismo verde, os grupos de interesse, o consumidor e o mercado verde, as motivações, por sua parte, são o perfil empresarial, os recursos e capacidades, a estratégia de negócio e a gestão de ações de sustentabilidade. Finalmente, os benefícios são económicos, sociais, ambientais e em matéria de competitividade.La mayoría de las empresas desconoce los incentivos, las motivaciones y los beneficios de incorporar la gestión ambiental como herramienta de regulación de sus acciones de sustentabilidad. Para esta investigación, que procura responder a esa necesidad, se formuló un cuestionario a diez empresas que participan en el Programa Nacional de Auditoría Ambiental (PNAA), en México. Se encontró que los incentivos para incluirla son el corporativismo verde, los grupos de interés, el consumidor y el mercado verde. Las motivaciones, por su parte, son el perfil empresarial, los recursos y las capacidades, la estrategia de negocio y la gestión de acciones de sustentabilidad. Los beneficios son económicos, sociales, ambientales y en materia de competitividad

Determinación de las ponderaciones de los criterios de sustentabilidad hidroeléctrica mediante la combinación de los métodos AHP y GP extendida

Hydropower is a mature and long-lasting technology, but it has presented environmental and social problems. To address these problems, hydropower sustainability initiatives have been created for more than two decades. In Mexico, hydropower projects present environmental and social problems that cause delays in their construction or delays in their entry into operation. The objective of this study was to determine the weightings of the criteria of hydropower sustainability through multicriteria decision-making methods to a group of experts. Method: Through the combination of the multicriteria Analytical Hierarchical Process and the Programming of Goals the opinion of a group of experts was obtained in the planning of hydropower projects. Results: Once the AHP-GP methods were applied to determine the weighting of the hydropower sustainability perspectives, it was found that the weights closest to the opinion of all the groups are those issued by the group of governance experts. Conclusions: The results indicate that, when questioning a heterogeneous group of experts, it was observed that significant agreements are presented between the groups, which is noteworthy because they are groups of experts that have different specialties.La hidroelectricidad es una tecnología madura y de larga duración, pero ha presentado problemas ambientales y sociales, para hacerle frente a estos problemas se crearon iniciativas de sustentabilidad hidroeléctrica desde hace más de dos décadas. En México los proyectos hidroeléctricos presentan problemas ambientales y sociales que ocasionan retrasos en su construcción o retrasos en su entrada a operación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las ponderaciones de los criterios de sustentabilidad hidroeléctrica mediante métodos multicriterio de toma de decisiones a un grupo de expertos. Método: Mediante la combinación de los métodos multicriterio Analítico Jerárquico del Proceso y la Programación por Metas se obtuvo la opinión de un grupo de expertos en la planeación de proyectos hidroeléctricos. Resultados: Una vez aplicada la combinación de los métodos AHP-GP se ponderaron las perspectivas de sustentabilidad hidroeléctrica con lo que se encontró que la solución más cercana a la opinión de todos los grupos fue la emitida por el grupo de expertos en gobernanza. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que al cuestionar a un grupo heterogéneo de expertos se observó que se presentaron acuerdos significativos entre los grupos, lo cual llamó la atención por tratarse de grupos de expertos con especialidades diferentes