Estudos de viabilidade do reuso de efluentes liquidos gerados em processos de galvanoplastia por tratamento fisico-quimico

Orientador: Ruben Bresaola JrDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia CivilResumo: Os despejos industriais dos processos de galvanoplastia causam, em geral, graves problemas de poluição hídrica por conterem metais pesados e utilizarem grandes volumes de água em seus processos. A reciclagem ou reuso dos efluentes para fins diversos pode diminuir a demanda de água dos mananciais e minimizar a quantidade de efluentes lançados nas redes públicas de esgotos ou rios. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a viabilidade do reuso ou reciclagem das águas residuárias geradas em indústrias de galvanoplastia, por meio de tratamento fisico-químico de coagulação-floculação. Os resultados dos ensaios mostraram que houve remoção de metais acima de 99% utilizando-se NaOH com pH de coagulação igual a 10, com tempo de sedimentação de 90 minutos, ou utilizando-se 30 mg/L de cloreto férrico em pH 10 e também polímero aniônico em pH 9, ambos com tempo de precipitação de 60 minutos. Com isso, conclui-se que, com relação à quantidade de metais, estas águas apresentam teores inferiores aos limites estabelecidos para as águas de Classe 3, de acordo com a legislação CONAMA n. 20, podendo ser reutilizadas para irrigação de culturas arbóreas e forrageiras. Podem, igualmente, ser reutilizadas para lavagem de pisos, em descargas de banheiros e em alguns tanques do primeiro enxágüe das peças. Para reciclagem dessas águas no processo, toma-se necessária a diluição com água limpa para diminuição da condutividade da água tratadaAbstract: The industrial wastes of the galvanotechnick processes cause, in general, serious hydro pollution due to the use of heavy metaIs, besides that, they use great volumes of water in their processes. The recyc1ing or reuse of the waste for many purposes reduces the water demand of the rivers and minimizes the quantity wastes to be launched in the sewers or rivers. Due to these facts, the present work had the objective of studying the feasibility of the reuse or recyc1ing of residuary water generated in galvanotechnick industries by physical-chemical treatment of coagulation-flocculation. The results of the research had shown that there was removal of metaIs above 99% using NaOH with pH equal to 10, with precipitation time of90 minutes, or using FeCh ofpH 10 and also anionic polymer ofpH 9, both with time precipitation of 60 minutes. Therefore, it can be conc1udedthat in relation to the quantity of metaIs, this water can be reused for irrigation of garden culture, for pavement and toilet flush c1eaning. For recyc1ing of these water in process, it becomes necessary the dilution with c1eanwater for decrease of conductivity of treated waterMestradoSaneamentoMestre em Engenharia Civi

Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - USP (HRAC-USP) - Part 2: Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics

The aim of this article is to present the pediatric dentistry and orthodontic treatment protocol of rehabilitation of cleft lip and palate patients performed at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP). Pediatric dentistry provides oral health information and should be able to follow the child with cleft lip and palate since the first months of life until establishment of the mixed dentition, craniofacial growth and dentition development. Orthodontic intervention starts in the mixed dentition, at 8-9 years of age, for preparing the maxillary arch for secondary bone graft procedure (SBGP). At this stage, rapid maxillary expansion is performed and a fixed palatal retainer is delivered before SBGP. When the permanent dentition is completed, comprehensive orthodontic treatment is initiated aiming tooth alignment and space closure. Maxillary permanent canines are commonly moved mesially in order to substitute absent maxillary lateral incisors. Patients with complete cleft lip and palate and poor midface growth will require orthognatic surgery for reaching adequate anteroposterior interarch relationship and good facial esthetics

Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector

Measurements of electrons from $\nu_e$ interactions are crucial for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection, and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectrum is derived and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50~MeV. These results are used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to reconstruct low-energy electrons.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

Impact of cross-section uncertainties on supernova neutrino spectral parameter fitting in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

A primary goal of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is to measure the $\mathcal{O}(10)$ MeV neutrinos produced by a Galactic core-collapse supernova if one should occur during the lifetime of the experiment. The liquid-argon-based detectors planned for DUNE are expected to be uniquely sensitive to the $\nu_e$ component of the supernova flux, enabling a wide variety of physics and astrophysics measurements. A key requirement for a correct interpretation of these measurements is a good understanding of the energy-dependent total cross section $\sigma(E_\nu)$ for charged-current $\nu_e$ absorption on argon. In the context of a simulated extraction of supernova $\nu_e$ spectral parameters from a toy analysis, we investigate the impact of $\sigma(E_\nu)$ modeling uncertainties on DUNE's supernova neutrino physics sensitivity for the first time. We find that the currently large theoretical uncertainties on $\sigma(E_\nu)$ must be substantially reduced before the $\nu_e$ flux parameters can be extracted reliably: in the absence of external constraints, a measurement of the integrated neutrino luminosity with less than 10\% bias with DUNE requires $\sigma(E_\nu)$ to be known to about 5%. The neutrino spectral shape parameters can be known to better than 10% for a 20% uncertainty on the cross-section scale, although they will be sensitive to uncertainties on the shape of $\sigma(E_\nu)$. A direct measurement of low-energy $\nu_e$-argon scattering would be invaluable for improving the theoretical precision to the needed level.Comment: 25 pages, 21 figure

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on 10^3 pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

The DUNE far detector vertical drift technology. Technical design report

DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

Presença feminina no Museu de Arte Leopoldo Gotuzzo

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo evidenciar a importância da realização de projetos em conjunto com a comunidade, acadêmicos, professores e servidores atuantes no Museu de Arte Leopoldo Gotuzzo (MALG), Pelotas/RS, visando maior acesso ao acervo do Museu ao mesmo tempo em que são discutidas questões relacionadas a visibilidade, representatividade e empoderamento feminino no contexto artístico latino-americano. O texto destaca as ações realizadas em decorrência do Dia do Patrimônio que teve como temática central “Ocupação Feminina”. Como parte do evento foram realizadas mediações chamando atenção para as obras e a trajetória de artistas mulheres presentes na exposição “As 7 Coleções do Acervo do MALG”. Serão destacadas a brasileira Maria Lidia Magliani e a paraguaia Edith Jimenez artistas de relevância na América Latina