Factores determinantes de la pobreza en el Perú: usando un modelo de elección discreta, 2020

La pobreza es una expresión vigente en las viviendas del Perú, que aumenta cada año y tiene consecuencias para las personas. Este trabajo intenta identificar los determinantes y su impacto en la pobreza del Perú en el 2020. Para identificar los determinantes de la pobreza se utilizaron modelos de elección discreta probit y para determinar el efecto de la pobreza se utilizaron análisis de probabilidad. Para la base de datos se utilizaron la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares – ENAHO del año 2020. En general, la probabilidad de ser pobre está en función del tamaño del hogar, del número de beneficiarios, del género, la edad, nivel educativo del jefe de hogar, ingreso, título de propiedad, tenencia de Internet, disponibilidad de servicios de saneamiento y área geográfica donde vive. Concluimos que la mayoría de los cabezas de hogar pobres son mujeres, y la edad promedio de los miembros de una familia pobre es de 15 años. Asimismo, el nivel de educación más alto es la escuela secundaria, y la familia de 4 miembros no tiene bienes y capacidad para comunicarse porque no tienen internet y viven en áreas urbanas.Tesi

Factores determinantes de la pobreza en el Perú: usando un modelo de elección discreta, 2020

La pobreza es una expresión vigente en las viviendas del Perú, que aumenta cada año y tiene consecuencias para las personas. Este trabajo intenta identificar los determinantes y su impacto en la pobreza del Perú en el 2020. Para identificar los determinantes de la pobreza se utilizaron modelos de elección discreta probit y para determinar el efecto de la pobreza se utilizaron análisis de probabilidad. Para la base de datos se utilizaron la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares – ENAHO del año 2020. En general, la probabilidad de ser pobre está en función del tamaño del hogar, del número de beneficiarios, del género, la edad, nivel educativo del jefe de hogar, ingreso, título de propiedad, tenencia de Internet, disponibilidad de servicios de saneamiento y área geográfica donde vive. Concluimos que la mayoría de los cabezas de hogar pobres son mujeres, y la edad promedio de los miembros de una familia pobre es de 15 años. Asimismo, el nivel de educación más alto es la escuela secundaria, y la familia de 4 miembros no tiene bienes y capacidad para comunicarse porque no tienen internet y viven en áreas urbanas.Tesi

Analysis of O.Oeni proteome

Comunicaciones a congreso

Differential proteomic analysis of the secretome of Irpex lacteus and other white-rot fungi during wheat straw pretreatment

BACKGROUND: Identifying new high-performance enzymes or enzyme complexes to enhance biomass degradation is the key for the development of cost-effective processes for ethanol production. Irpex lacteus is an efficient microorganism for wheat straw pretreatment, yielding easily hydrolysable products with high sugar content. Thus, this fungus was selected to investigate the enzymatic system involved in lignocellulose decay, and its secretome was compared to those from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus which produced different degradation patterns when growing on wheat straw. Extracellular enzymes were analyzed through 2D-PAGE, nanoLC/MS-MS, and homology searches against public databases. RESULTS: In wheat straw, I. lacteus secreted proteases, dye-decolorizing and manganese-oxidizing peroxidases, and H(2)O(2) producing-enzymes but also a battery of cellulases and xylanases, excluding those implicated in cellulose and hemicellulose degradation to their monosaccharides, making these sugars poorly available for fungal consumption. In contrast, a significant increase of β-glucosidase production was observed when I. lacteus grew in liquid cultures. P. chrysosporium secreted more enzymes implicated in the total hydrolysis of the polysaccharides and P. ostreatus produced, in proportion, more oxidoreductases. CONCLUSION: The protein pattern secreted during I. lacteus growth in wheat straw plus the differences observed among the different secretomes, justify the fitness of I. lacteus for biopretreatment processes in 2G-ethanol production. Furthermore, all these data give insight into the biological degradation of lignocellulose and suggest new enzyme mixtures interesting for its efficient hydrolysis

A partial proteome reference map of the wine lactic acid bacterium Oenococcus oeni ATCC BAA-1163

Oenococcus oeni is the main lactic acid bacterium that carries out the malolactic fermentation in virtually all red wines and in some white and sparkling wines. Oenococcus oeni possesses an array of metabolic activities that can modify the taste and aromatic properties of wine. There is, therefore, industrial interest in the proteins involved in these metabolic pathways and related transport systems of this bacterium. In this work, we report the characterization of the O. oeni ATCC BAA-1163 proteome. Total and membrane protein preparations from O. oeni were standardized and analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 224 different spots corresponding to 152 unique proteins, which have been classified by their putative function and subjected to bioinformatics analysis

A relevant IgE-reactive 28 kDa protein identified from Salsola kali pollen extract by proteomics is a natural degradation product of an integral 47 kDa polygalaturonase

[EN] A highly prevalent IgE-binding protein band of 28 kDa is observed when Salsola kali pollen extract is incubated with individual sera from Amaranthaceae pollen sensitized patients. By an immunoproteomic analysis of S. kali pollen extract, we identified this protein band as an allergenic polygalacturonase enzyme. The allergen, named Sal k 6, exhibits a pI of 7.14 and a molecular mass of 39,554.2 Da. It presents similarities to Platanaceae, Poaceae, and Cupressaceae allergenic polygalacturonases. cDNA-encoding sequence was subcloned into the pET41b vector and produced in bacteria as a His-tag fusion recombinant protein. The far-UV CD spectrum determined that rSal k 6 was folded. Immunostaining of the S. kali pollen protein extract with a rSal k 6-specific pAb and LC-MS/MS proteomic analyses confirmed the co-existence of the 28 kDa band together with an allergenic band of about 47 kDa in the pollen extract. Therefore, the 28 kDa was assigned as a natural degradation product of the 47 kDa integral polygalacturonase. The IgE-binding inhibition to S. kali pollen extract using rSal k 6 as inhibitor showed that signals directed to both protein bands of 28 and 47 kDa were completely abrogated. The average prevalence of rSal k 6 among the three populations analyzed was 30%, with values correlating well with the levels of grains/m(3) of Amaranthaceae pollen. Sal k 6 shares IgE epitopes with Oleaceae members (Fraxinus excelsior, Olea europaea and Syringa vulgaris), with IgE-inhibition values ranging from 20% to 60%, respectively. No IgE-inhibition was observed with plant-derived food extracts.This work was supported by grants SAF2011-26716 and SAF2014-53209-R from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and RIRAAF Network RD12/0013/0015 from the ISCIII. R.B. was a fellow of the Ramon y Cajal program of the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain). C.O-S. is supported by a contract of the Programa Operativo de Empleo Juvenil y la Iniciativa de Empleo Juvenil (YEI) with the participation of the Consejeria de Education, Juventud y Deporte de la Comunidad de Madrid y del Fondo Social Europeo.Mas-García, S.; Oeo-Santos, C.; Cuesta-Herranz, J.; Díaz-Perales, A.; Colás, C.; Fernández, J.; Barber, D.... (2017). A relevant IgE-reactive 28 kDa protein identified from Salsola kali pollen extract by proteomics is a natural degradation product of an integral 47 kDa polygalaturonase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. 1865(8):1067-1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.05.007S106710761865

Effect of wear-corrosion of reduced graphene oxide functionalized with hyaluronic acid on inflammatory and proteomic response of J774A.1 macrophages

The presence of a worn surface in the implanted material, as in the case of a replacement of a damaged osteoarticular joint, is the normal condition after implantation. This manuscript focuses precisely on the comparative study of the cellular behavior on worn CoCr surfaces, analyzing the effect of different surface modifications on macrophages’ responses. CoCr surfaces were modified by the deposition of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (CoCrErGO), followed by additional surface functionalization with hyaluronic acid (CoCrErGOHA). After the wear corrosion processes, the macrophage response was studied. In addition, macrophage supernatants exposed to the surfaces, before and after wear, were also evaluated for osteoblast response through the analysis of the metabolic activity, plasma membrane damage, and phosphatase alkaline activity (ALP). The proteomic analysis and the quantitative TNF-α/IL-10 ratios of the J774A.1 macrophages exposed to the surfaces under study showed a polarization shift from M0 (basal state) to M1, associated with the pro-inflammatory response of all surfaces. A lower M1 polarization was observed upon exposure to the surface modification with ErGO, whereas posterior HA functionalization attenuated, even more, the M1 polarization. The wear corrosion process contributed to inflammation and exacerbated the M1 polarization response on macrophages to CoCr, which was diminished for the ErGO and attenuated the most for the ErGOHA surfaces. Comparative proteomics showed that the pathways related to M1 polarization were downregulated on the surfaces of CoCrErGOHA, which suggests mechanisms for the observed attenuation of M1 polarization. The suitable immuno-modulatory potential induced by the ErGOHA surface, with and without wear, together with the stimulation of ALP activity in osteoblasts induced by macrophage supernatants, promotes the mineralization processes necessary for bone repair. This makes it feasible to consider the adsorption of ErGOHA on CoCr as a recommended surface treatment for the use of biomaterials in osseous joint applications.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada

Spatial Proteomic Analysis of Isogenic Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Reveals Key Dysregulated Proteins Associated with Lymph Node, Liver, and Lung Metastasis

Metastasis is the primary cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) death. The liver and lung, besides adjacent lymph nodes, are the most common sites of metastasis. Here, we aimed to study the lymph nodes, liver, and lung CRC metastasis by quantitative spatial proteomics analysis using CRC cell-based models that recapitulate these metastases. The isogenic KM12 cell system composed of the non-metastatic KM12C cells, liver metastatic KM12SM cells, and liver and lung metastatic KM12L4a cells, and the isogenic non-metastatic SW480 and lymph nodes metastatic SW620 cells, were used. Cells were fractionated to study by proteomics five subcellular fractions corresponding to cytoplasm, membrane, nucleus, chromatin-bound proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins, and the secretome. Trypsin digested extracts were labeled with TMT 11-plex and fractionated prior to proteomics analysis on a Q Exactive. We provide data on protein abundance and localization of 4710 proteins in their different subcellular fractions, depicting dysregulation of proteins in abundance and/or localization in the most common sites of CRC metastasis. After bioinformatics, alterations in abundance and localization for selected proteins from diverse subcellular localizations were validated via WB, IF, IHC, and ELISA using CRC cells, patient tissues, and plasma samples. Results supported the relevance of the proteomics results in an actual CRC scenario. It was particularly relevant that the measurement of GLG1 in plasma showed diagnostic ability of advanced stages of the disease, and that the mislocalization of MUC5AC and BAIAP2 in the nucleus and membrane, respectively, was significantly associated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. Our results demonstrate that the analysis of cell extracts dilutes protein alterations in abundance in specific localizations that might only be observed studying specific subcellular fractions, as here observed for BAIAP2, GLG1, PHYHIPL, TNFRSF10A, or CDKN2AIP, which are interesting proteins that should be further analyzed in CRC metastasis.This research was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the PI20CIII/00019 grants from the AES-ISCIII program to R.B., co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe” (FEDER). J. Hofkens. acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO, grant No. ZW15_09-G0H6316N), the Flemish government through long-term structural funding Methusalem (CASAS2, Meth/15/04), and the MPI as MPI fellow. S.R. acknowledges the financial support of the KU Leuven through the internal C1 funding (KU Leuven (C14/16/053)). G.S.-F. is the recipient of a predoctoral contract (grant number 1193818N) supported by The Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO). The FPU predoctoral contract to A.M.-C. is supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte.S

A Comprehensive Tyrosine Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Novel Components of the Platelet CLEC-2 Signaling Cascade

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Thieme Publishing Group in Thrombosis and Haemostasis on 04 January 2020, available online at https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0039-3400295C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) plays a crucial role in different platelet-related physiological and pathological processes. It signals through a tyrosine kinase-mediated pathway that is highly dependent on the positive feedback exerted by the platelet-derived secondary mediators, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Here, we aimed to analyze the tyrosine phosphoproteome of platelets activated with the CLEC-2 agonist rhodocytin to identify relevant phosphorylated tyrosine residues (p-Tyr) and proteins involved in platelet activation downstream of this receptor. We identified 363 differentially p-Tyr residues, corresponding to the majority of proteins previously known to participate in CLEC-2 signaling and also novel ones, including adaptors (e.g., DAPP1, Dok1/3, CASS4, Nck1/2), kinases/phosphatases (e.g., FAK1, FES, FGR, JAK2, SHIP2), and membrane proteins (e.g., G6F, JAM-A, PECAM-1, TLT-1). To elucidate the contribution of ADP and TXA2 at different points of the CLEC-2 signaling cascade, we evaluated p-Tyr levels of residues identified in the analysis and known to be essential for the catalytic activity of kinases Syk(p-Tyr525+526) and Src(p-Tyr419), and for PLCγ2 activity (p-Tyr759). We demonstrated that Syk phosphorylation at Tyr525+526 also happens in the presence of ADP and TXA2 inhibitors, which is not the case for Src-pTyr419 and PLCγ2-pTyr759. Kinetics studies for the three phosphoproteins show some differences in the phosphorylation profile. Ca2+ mobilization assays confirmed the relevance of ADP and TXA2 for full CLEC-2-mediated platelet activation. The present study provides significant insights into the intracellular events that take place following CLEC-2 activation in platelets, contributing to elucidate in detail the CLEC-2 signalosomeThis study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [grant No. SAF2016-79662-R], co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); and the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia [ED431C 2018/21; predoctoral grant Plan I2C 2014; and Centro Singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2016-2019, ED431G/05], co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The study also received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 766118. J.A.E. is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG grant: EB177/13-1]S