Cryptococcal Sialoadenitis in a Dog

Background: Salivary gland diseases in dogs have an overall incidence of 0.3%. Sialocele and sialoadenitis are the most common injuries and are usually caused by infectious diseases, especially of bacterial origin. Currently, Cryptococcus neoformans has not been registered as the etiological agent since fungal participation is unusual. This case report describes a cryptococcal sialoadenitis in a dog.Case: A 1.9-year-old male poodle had a swelling of the right submandibular region, combined with dry cough and snoring that persisted for about 30 days. The dog often walked in the town square, which has pigeons, and was seen eating chicken droppings. The dog was diagnosed with sialoadenitis in the right submandibular salivary gland. The following laboratory tests were performed cytology, fungal culture, blood count, search for hemoparasites, total plasma protein (ppt), alanine aminotransferase dosage (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea (U), creatinine (CREA), Albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), globulin (GLOB) and amylase (AML). In addition, the dog underwent cervical, thoracic and abdominal ultrasound, and cervical x-rays. The cytology results showed fungal sialoadenitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. The blood testresults evidenced thrombocytopenia and increased ppt, TP, GLOB, and AML. The lungs and heart x-rays results showed no alterations. However, the proximal third of the trachea was displaced ventrally. The abdominal area had no changes, but hypertrophy of the salivary gland was observed, with irregular contour, heterogeneous echotexture, and multiple cavitaryareas flled with intraluminal fluid of cellular appearance. The ketoconazole (5 mg/kg/BID/20 days) treatment prescribed led to drug-induced hepatitis. The new treatment with Itraconazole (10 mg/kg/SID/90 days) resulted in complete clinical resolution without any side effect or relapse one year after the treatment.Discussion: Although poodle is not commonly associated with the epidemiology of the disease, this breed seems to be susceptible, as well. The contact with pigeons during the walks was likely the source of infection by C. neoformans, but the ingestion of chicken droppings cannot be discarded. The coughing and snoring resulted from the pharyngeal and tracheal compression, with subsequent activation of the reflex. The clinical and laboratory fndings suggest a new infection route by the etiological agent, possibly the opening of the salivary duct located in the sublingual carbuncle. Biopsy or ablation of the affected salivary gland was not necessary, reducing the risk of sepsis and/or death. Hyperamylasemia indicates that AML can be used as a complementary tool to diagnose sialoadenitis. Itraconazole administered for 90 days resulted incomplete healing while no side effects or relapse was observed one year after the treatment. Cryptococcus neoformans can affect the submandibular salivary gland and, therefore, cryptococcosis should enter the differential diagnosis list of canine sialoadenitis and sialocele. Itraconazole has been shown to be effective to treat a dog with sialoadenitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.Keywords: sialoadenitis, sialocele, cryptococcosis, salivary gland, dog

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Educação física e direitos humanos em prisões: uma análise das ações de educação física e esporte na educação de jovens e adultos em privação de liberdade

This research sets out to analyse how experiences of school physical education and educational sport with young people and adults deprived of liberty have contributed to the promotion of human rights and education for citizenship, taking as its research field the Gregorio Bezerra State School in the Judge Placido de Souza Prison (PJPS), in Caruaru in the state of Pernambuco. We identified how the right to education and sport, present in national and international instruments for the protection of human rights, are being incorporated and implemented in the National Prison Policy by means of inter-ministerial activity involving the Ministries of Education, Sport and Justice. Our theoretical framework, constructed during our period of study on the Post-graduate Programme in Human Rights, Citizenship and Public Policy at the Federal University of Paraiba, is based on dialogue between Critical Theory represented by Paulo Freire in Brazil and Abraham Magendzo in Chile and its interaction with Education in and for Human Rights. Our methodology is based on a descriptive case study with a focus on a period of prison management between 2012 and 2014, involving quantitative and predominantly qualitative data. Data was collected employing documental and biographic research techniques as well as semi-structured interviews with school and prison managers and with the teacher of physical education, and the application of open questionnaires with students of the PJPS School deprived of their liberty. In order to analyse the data we used the technique of content analysis with the systematization of analytical categories in charts. The results of the study lead us to understand that school physical education effectively contributes to the acquisition of the values necessary for the formation of citizens and the promotion of a culture of human rights. We also observed that sport can contribute to the prevention of violence and to the promotion of health, acting as a pedagogical mechanism in the perspective of Education in Human Rights. However, education in prisons presents pedagogical failings with respect to its methodology, its curriculum and to the value given to those professionals involved in the process of re-socialization. The collective construction of a pedagogical proposal for Youth and Adult Education in spaces of deprivation of liberty is urgent, whilst respecting the specificities of each curricular component and the limitations imposed by educating in prisons.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESEste trabalho teve por objetivo analisar como as experiências articuladas da Educação Física Escolar e do Esporte Educacional, com jovens e adultos em situação de privação de liberdade, têm contribuído para a promoção dos direitos humanos e a educação para a cidadania, adotando como campo de pesquisa a Escola Estadual Gregório Bezerra na Penitenciária Juiz Plácido de Souza - PJPS, em Caruaru-PE. Identificamos como o direito à educação e ao esporte, presentes nos instrumentos de proteção internacional e nacional de direitos humanos, estão sendo incorporados e implementados na Política Penitenciária Nacional através do envolvimento interministerial entre Educação, Esporte e Justiça. Nosso marco teórico construído ao longo do trabalho junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direitos Humanos, Cidadania e Políticas Públicas da UFPB, estão referenciados no diálogo entre a Pedagogia Crítica através da concepção de Paulo Freire, no Brasil, e Abraham Magendzo, no Chile, e sua inter-relação com a Educação em e para os Direitos Humanos. Em nossa metodologia utilizamos um estudo descritivo de caso, com recorte temporário da gestão penitenciária de 2012-2014, envolvendo dados quantitativos e predominantemente qualitativos. Utilizamos como instrumentos de coleta de dados, além da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as gestões da escola e da penitenciária, com o professor de educação física, e a aplicação de questionários abertos e de múltipla com os alunos em privação de liberdade da PJPS. Para análise dos dados utilizamos a técnica da análise de conteúdo, com a sistematização de categorias analíticas em quadros. Nossos resultados com o estudo nos levaram a compreender que a Educação Física Escolar contribui efetivamente na aquisição de valores necessários para formação da cidadania e a promoção de uma cultura de direitos humanos. Observamos também, que o Esporte pode contribuir na prevenção da violência e na promoção da saúde, atuando como um mecanismo pedagógico na perspectiva de uma Educação em Direitos Humanos. Entretanto, a Educação em prisões apresenta lacunas pedagógicas, nas metodologias, no currículo e na valorização dos profissionais envolvidos com o processo de ressocialização. Torna-se emergencial a construção coletiva de uma proposta pedagógica para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos em espaços de privação de liberdade, respeitando as especificidades de cada componente curricular, e as limitações de educar no cárcere

Encontro Anual das Equipes Colaboradoras do Programa Segundo Tempo (São Paulo, 2010) - A proposta pedagógica do Programa Segundo Tempo na visão dos educadores

Apresentação sobre avaliação na visão dos educadores. O documento integra o acervo institucional do Programa Segundo Tempo/Ministério do Esporte.Material de apoio da palestra apresentada no Encontro Anual das Equipes Colaboradoras do Programa Segundo Tempo, realizado em São Paulo, nos dias 09 e 10 de dezembro de 2010.DoaçãoPrograma Segundo TempoNã

Encontro Anual das Equipes Colaboradoras do Programa Segundo Tempo (São Paulo, 2010) - A proposta pedagógica do Programa Segundo Tempo na visão dos educadores

Apresentação sobre avaliação na visão dos educadores. O documento integra o acervo institucional do Programa Segundo Tempo/Ministério do Esporte.Material de apoio da palestra apresentada no Encontro Anual das Equipes Colaboradoras do Programa Segundo Tempo, realizado em São Paulo, nos dias 09 e 10 de dezembro de 2010.DoaçãoPrograma Segundo TempoNã