Fondo Latinoamericano para arroz de riego (FLAR): nueva asociación para el sector arrocero

Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice (FLAR): A new alliance for the rice sector The background, structure, mission, and objectives of the Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice (FLAR, its Spanish acronym) are briefly described. The Fund, created in 1995, was the result of an initiative of several Latin American rice institutions that decided to join efforts to endorse and grant continuity to the work in rice improvement and development that had been carried out for many years by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). FLAR, currently formed by agricultural institutions of 15 countries of the region, strives to serve its partners in three areas: development of technology to achieve a competitive, profitable, efficient, and environmentally sustainable crop; reduction of unitary production costs to indirectly favor consumers; and strengthening of the national rice sectors of Latin America and the Caribbean.Se describen brevemente los antecedentes, la estructura, la misión y los objetivos del Fondo Latinoamericano para Arroz de Riego (FLAR). Este Fondo se creó en 1995 por iniciativa de varias instituciones arroceras de la región que se unieron para dar respaldo y continuidad al trabajo de mejoramiento y desarrollo del arroz realizado durante años por el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). El FLAR, conformado actualmente por instituciones agrícolas de 15 países de la región, busca servir a sus socios en tres frentes: aportando tecnología para lograr un cultivo competitivo, rentable, eficiente y ambientalmente sostenible; buscando la reducción de los costos unitarios de producción para favorecer indirectamente al consumidor; y contribuyendo al fortalecimiento del sector arrocero de los países de América Latina y el Caribe

Competencias digitales y aprendizaje cooperativo en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Administración y Negocios de una universidad privada de Arequipa, en el 2020 –I modalidad virtual

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general determinar el nivel de las competencias digitales y del aprendizaje cooperativo en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Administración y Negocios de una universidad privada de Arequipa, del semestre virtual 2020 – I. La muestra está determinada por 170 estudiantes, la metodología empleada desarrolla el enfoque cuantitativo, con un alcance descriptivo y diseño no experimental, transversal. La información fue procesada bajo una técnica de análisis estadístico descriptivo, con los resultados se determinó que el nivel de las competencias digitales y el aprendizaje cooperativo en los estudiantes de una universidad privada en la ciudad de Arequipa es alto debido a que los valores recolectados son superiores a tres según los niveles establecidos en un rango donde uno es bajo y cinco es muy alto de la presente investigación. Esta investigación es un aporte para determinar el nivel de las competencias digitales y aprendizaje cooperativo de los estudiantes en las diferentes instituciones educativas superiores de Perú. Este análisis brindará un marco de referencia de las competencias indispensables que deben desarrollarse en el perfil de egresado, para enfrentar los desafíos de la inserción laboral en las organizaciones y empresas.The general objective of this research is to determine the level of digital skills and cooperative learning in students of the Faculty of Business and Administration of a private university in Arequipa, of the virtual semester 2020 - I. The sample is determined by 170 students, the methodology used develops the quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope and a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The information was processed under a descriptive statistical analysis technique, with the results it was determined that the level of digital skills and cooperative learning in the students of a private university in the city of Arequipa is high because the values collected are higher than three according to the levels established in a range where one is low and five is very high in the present investigation. This research is a contribution to determine the level of digital skills and cooperative learning of students in different higher educational institutions in Peru. This analysis will provide a frame of reference of the essential competencies that must be developed in the graduate profile, to face the challenges of labor insertion in organizations and companies.Escuela de Postgrad

Carotenoides en agroalimentación y salud

Los carotenoides son compuestos especiales; si bien es común referirse a ellos como pigmentos, lo cierto es que son compuestos de gran versatilidad e importancia en la naturaleza. Más específicamente, son de gran interés en agroalimentación y salud. Así, por ejemplo, son pigmentos naturales y por lo tanto tienen un importante papel en la elección de alimentos por parte de los consumidores. Asimismo, algunos de ellos son precursores de la vitamina A. Sin embargo, que cada vez exista más interés en los carotenoides en este contexto se debe en gran parte a muchos estudios de distinta naturaleza que indican que pueden proporcionar beneficios para la salud. Su interés en alimentación funcional es por lo tanto indudable. En este libro se refleja la experiencia en carotenoides de un gran número de profesionales de la región iberoamericana. En conjunto, se ofrece una visión general de la investigación sobre estos compuestos en agroalimentación y salud. Los autores son miembros de la red IBERCAROT (http://carotenoides.us.es), que tiene entre sus objetivos conformar una red estable y funcional de profesionales que aúnen esfuerzos en pos de identificar nuevas fuentes de carotenoides de interés nutricional, mejorar su producción y aumentar el valor de los productos que los contengan

Ligand diversity contributes to the full activation of the jasmonate pathway in Marchantia polymorpha

In plants, jasmonate signaling regulates a wide range of processes from growth and development to defense responses and thermotolerance. Jasmonates, such as jasmonic acid (JA), (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), 12-oxo-10,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), and dinor-12-oxo-10,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid (dn-OPDA), are derived from C18 (18 Carbon atoms) and C16 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are found ubiquitously in the plant kingdom. Bryophytes are also rich in C20 and C22 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), which are found only at low levels in some vascular plants but are abundant in organisms of other kingdoms, including animals. The existence of bioactive jasmonates derived from LCPUFAs is currently unknown. Here, we describe the identification of an OPDA-like molecule derived from a C20 fatty acid (FA) in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (Mp), which we term (5Z,8Z)-10-(4-oxo-5-((Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl)cyclopent-2-en-1-yl)deca-5,8-dienoic acid (C20-OPDA). This molecule accumulates upon wounding and, when applied exogenously, can activate known Coronatine Insensitive 1 (COI1) -dependent and -independent jasmonate responses. Furthermore, we identify a dn-OPDA-like molecule (Δ4-dn-OPDA) deriving from C20-OPDA and demonstrate it to be a ligand of the jasmonate coreceptor (MpCOI1-Mp Jasmonate-Zinc finger inflorescence meristem domain [MpJAZ]) in Marchantia. By analyzing mutants impaired in the production of LCPUFAs, we elucidate the major biosynthetic pathway of C20-OPDA and Δ4-dn-OPDA. Moreover, using a double mutant compromised in the production of both Δ4-dn-OPDA and dn-OPDA, we demonstrate the additive nature of these molecules in the activation of jasmonate responses. Taken together, our data identify a ligand of MpCOI1 and demonstrate LCPUFAs as a source of bioactive jasmonates that are essential to the immune response of M. polymorpha.Peer reviewe

Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality.

The burgeoning demand for rice in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) exceeds supply, resulting in a rice deficit. To overcome this challenge, rice production should be increased, albeit sustainably. However, since rice production is associated with increases in the atmospheric concentration of two greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the challenge is on ensuring that production increases are not associated with an increase in GHG emissions and thus do not cause an increase in GHG emission intensities. Based on current understanding of drivers of CH4 and N2O production, we provide here insights on the potential climate change mitigation benefits of management and technological options (i.e., seeding, tillage, irrigation, residue management) pursued in the LAC region. Studies conducted in the LAC region show intermittent irrigation or alternate wetting and drying of rice fields to reduce CH4 emissions by 25–70% without increasing N2O emissions. Results on yield changes associated with intermittent irrigation remain inconclusive. Compared to conventional tillage, no-tillage and anticipated tillage (i.e., fall tillage) cause a 21% and 25% reduction in CH4 emissions, respectively. From existing literature, it was unambiguous that the mitigation potential of most management strategies pursued in the LAC region need to be quantified while acknowledging country-specific conditions. While breeding high yielding and low emitting rice varieties may represent the most promising and possibly sustainable approach for achieving GHG emission reductions without demanding major changes in on-farm management practices, this is rather idealistic. We contend that a more realistic approach for realizing low GHG emitting rice production systems is to focus on increasing rice yields, for obvious food security reasons, which, while not reducing absolute emissions, should translate to a reduction in GHG emission intensities. Moreover, there is need to explore creative ways of incentivizing the adoption of promising combinations of management and technological options

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Reflexiones sobre la Tercera Conferencia Internacional de Arroz de Clima Templado

El presente artículo pretende dar una rápida visión de los aspectos más destacables del ámbito científico, tecnológico y económico que fueron volcados durante la Conferencia y a partir de ellos, de cuáles pueden ser los desafíos y oportunidades para el Uruguay arrocer

Comercio Exterior - NP55 - 202101

Descripción: Curso teórico-práctico que permitirá al estudiante articular los fundamentos de la Gestión operativa y estratégica del comercio exterior. Propósito: El curso ha sido diseñado para que la información adquirida se transforme posteriormente en posibilidades estratégicas para la toma de decisiones, no tiene ningún curso como pre-requisito y contribuye al desarrollo de la competencia general Pensamiento Innovador en el nivel 2 y la específica Dirección Operativa en el nivel 1. La carrera de Negocios Internacionales pone a disposición de los alumnos: Fan Page de Carrera: https://www.facebook.com/NegociosinternacionalesEPE