Physiotherapy Approach in Group Dysfunction: A Case Study

The current study was conducted on a 25 year- old man who had an experience of a car accident 3 years ago and was suffering a lot of pain in lumbar and pelvic regions during last seven months.  He was carefully examined and assessed during the study. This person who also had an experience of a car accident 3 years ago was carefully examined and assessed during the study. A multimodal physical approach based on manual therapy, electrotherapy and exercise therapy was adopted to eliminate the pain and to correct malalignments. The patient received 15 treatment sessions and depending on the patient’s status, the intervention techniques varied every session. He was re-examined to have the effectiveness of the treatment process evaluated in first, 5th, 10th and last sessions. Reassessment of the patient was done every other five sessions in order to change the treatment procedure, if there was no improvement in symptoms. This study showed that detailed assessment and re-assessment during the treatment sessions had a significant effect on improvement of the symptoms In addition, according to the patient’s needs, different interventions could be used every session. However, Patient’s satisfaction, Physician and limitations about medical insurance have to be considered. Improvement in daily life activity and function, and reduction of pain immediately after the treatment supported the beneficial response obtained by physiotherapy approach in group dysfunction of lumbar and pelvic.Key words: Case Study, Group Dysfunction, Low Back Pain, Pelvic Pai

Physical Therapy Approach in Shoulder Impairment Along With Lymphedemea after Breast Cancer Surgery: A Case Study

A 52-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer and mastectomy surgery and axillary lymph nodes dissection was referred to a physical therapy clinic. Lymphotherapist assessment revealed that there was a grade II upper limb lymph edema; pitting and palpable fibrotic tissue existed in volar side of forearm. Water displacement measurement to assess the limb volume in affected and unaffected side indicated an obvious difference. In physical examination, there was a significant limitation in shoulder range of motion (ROM) and tightness in shoulder girdle muscles. A multimodal physical approach based on manual therapy, electrotherapy and exercise therapy was conducted to eliminate shoulder impairment along with Manual Lymph Drainage (MLD) and lymphological compression bandage to eliminate lymphedema. The results of final re- assessment indicated that combination of lymphatic massage and compression bandage can lower the lymph edema following the mastectomy. Also, physical therapy approach can reduce the symptoms of shoulder disability caused by mastectomy and lymph nod dissection surgery. It should be taken into account that in patients who are suffering from lymph edema, recovering the shoulder movements and early return to normal function are very effective in improving lymph flow and reducing edema. Therefore, by restoring shoulder movement, in addition to reducing shoulder pain and increasing performance, can improve lymph flow as well among these patients.Key words: Breast Cancer, Lymph Edema, Physiotherapy, Shoulde

Narrative Review: Effects of manipulation and mobilization techniques of cervical spine on pressure pain threshold in neck and shoulder muscles

Neck pain is one of the most common problems seen in medical practice. There are various factors that can cause or provoke neck pain. Myofascial trigger points in shoulder and neck regions are among the most effective factors that may provoke neck and head pain. Recently, it has been revealed that there is a clinical relationship between myofascial trigger points and joints dysfunction. Accordingly, different studies have been conducted in order to evaluate therapeutic effects of different manual approaches including mobilization and manipulation on improving Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) as an indicator of changes in sensitivity of muscles. The aim of the present study was to conduct a narrative review to evaluate effects of manipulation and mobilization techniques of cervical spine on PPT in neck and shoulder muscles. From among different studies which have assessed the effectiveness of manual techniques directed on cervical spine, 10 most related studies were selected and the therapeutic approaches and results of these studies were studied. Review of these studies indicated that the application of manual techniques on cervical spine, such as manipulation and mobilization, could increase range of motion in cervical spine and even mouth opening according to relationship between cervical spine and tempromandibular joints. On the other hand, according to the relationship between joints and muscles, applying these techniques on cervical spines could improve PPT.Keywords: Manipulation, Mobilization, Pressure Pain Threshold, Cervical Spin

Comparison of total antioxidant capacity of saliva in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic pregnant women

Pregnancy is considered a stressful event, results in higher levels of oxidative stress and considerable changes in physiological and metabolic functions such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Due to the cumulative effect of antioxidants and considering the controversies in this area, this study was undertaken to investigate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva in pregnant women whit gestational diabetes in comparison to non-diabetic pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study (2015-16), a total of 31 women with a diagnosis of GDM and 59 non-diabetic pregnant women were included in the diabetic and control groups, respectively. Salivary samples were collected by spitting method. When all samples were collected, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured with the use of a commercial kit following the manufacturer?s instructions. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test using SPSS 18. Average TAC level in the saliva of women with gestational diabetes was 0.10 ± 0.14, with 0.04 ± 0.11 in non-diabetic pregnant women. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney test showed that this difference was statistically significant (P=0.024). Under the limitations of the present study it can be concluded that there is an increase in oxidative stresses during pregnancy, followed by an increase in the total levels of salivary antioxidants to counteract such stresses. Therefore, it is expected that determining the salivary antioxidant levels during pregnancy can be an alternative technique for the early diagnosis of diabetes

Intra-Examiner and Between-Day Reliability of Algometer for Pressure Pain Threshold and Pain Sensitivity in Upper Trapezius Muscle in Asymptomatic Young Adult Women

Assessment of pain sensitivity, as an important criterion, is used in diagnosis of musculoskeletal impairments, which helps determine prognosis as well as the improvement rate after treatment interventions. Regarding the costs of modalities and treatment equipment used to reduce pain, having a reliable method to determine their efficacy is essential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate intra-examiner and between-day reliability of an accessible digital algometer to assess pressure pain threshold and for pain sensitivity for the first time. A total of 15 healthy young adult women aged 18-30 participated in the study. Three points of upper Trapezius muscle in both sides were tested in 3 repetitions with 30 seconds rest interval. The tests included PPT by controlled speed of increasing pressure and Visual Analogue Scale to evaluate local pain elicited by exertion of 2.5 kg/cm2 of pressure on the marked point. Trials were conducted on two consecutive days. Intra Class Correlation, Coefficient Standard Error of Measurement, and Minimal Detected Change were calculated to analyze the reliability of the measurements. Assessments revealed high to moderate intra-examiner reliability for pressure pain threshold (ICC>0.972) and pain sensitivity (ICC>0.707) and high to moderate between-day reliability for pressure pain threshold (ICC>0.974) and pain sensitivity (ICC>0.676). Although pressure algometer has an acceptable intra-examiner and between-day reliability for estimating the pressure pain threshold and pain sensitivity, a significant decrease was revealed in the mean values of PPT and increase in PS on the second day, as compared to that on the first day, (P<0.05) which could be related to local tissue trauma, learning effect, or central sensitization.Key words: Reliability; Intra-Examiner; Between-Day; Algometer; Pressure Pain Threshold; Pain Sensitivity; Upper Trapeziu

Reasons of cigarette smoking among the girl students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

BACKGROUND: Smoking has been a public health problem in the world. In fact, it has been mentioned as a preventable factor of death and diseases. So, the goal of doing this research was to determine the frequency of smoking tendency and its correlate factors among the girl students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using simple random sampling method. Data collection instruments were confirmed questionnaires. The statistical population included all the girl students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking cigarette among the girl students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences was 1.8%, as well as 2.2% for hookah consumption. Considering the relationship between smoking and residence situation, 22.1% of native students and 24.8% of alien students had experienced smoking.CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed a low prevalence of smoking (1.8%) among the girl students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences

A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Pulsed Field Gradient study of self-diffusion of water in hydrated cement pastes

The results of one- and two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulsed field gradient (PFG) diffusometry studies of water in white cement paste with a water-tocement ratio 0.4 and aged from 1 day to 1 year are reported. The study shows that the NMRPFG method is primarily sensitive to the capillary porosity. Data is fit on the basis of a lognormal pore size distribution with pore size dependent relaxation times. The volume mean capillary pore size is 4.2 μm in mature paste, similar to 1 week suggesting that hydrates and gel porosity do not form in the capillary porosity once the latter has been substantially created. No evidence is found of capillary pore anisotropy in cement paste

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Microsatellite Markers in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has been cultivated from ancient times for its economic, ornamental and medicinal properties globally. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers from a repeat-enriched genomic library of Punica granatum L. The genetic diversity of these loci was assessed in 60 genotypes of Punica granatum L. All loci were variable: the number of polymorphic alleles per locus ranged from two to five (average 2.9). The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.15 to 0.87 and 0.29 to 0.65, respectively. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.26 to 0.61 (average: 0.43). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that polymorphic microsatellite markers have been reported for P. granatum L. These new markers should allow studies of the population structure and genetic diversity of pomegranate to be performed in the future

Normal Values of Nerve Conduction Studies in Children Aged 7 Days to 14 Years Referred to Electrodiagnosis Clinic of Iranian Children’s Medical Center

Background: The normal values of nerve conduction studies (NCS) are different in children compared to adults. Moreover, racial and geographical factors can affect these values. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the normal NCS values in children of different ages. Methods: The present cross-sectional study included children referred to the Electrodiagnosis Clinic of the Children’s Medical Center in Iran, who had normal NCS results based on the references and had no exclusion criteria. The patients were divided into 8 age groups (7 days to one month, 1 - 3 months, 3 - 6 months, 6 - 12 months, 1 - 2 years, 2 - 4 years, 4 - 6 years, and 6 - 14 years), and the NCS was performed using a Nihon Kohden electromyogram. The NCS values in the normal range were included in the analysis. Results: The normal ranges of amplitude and conduction velocity of 4 motor nerves (median, ulnar, deep peroneal, and tibial) and 2 sensory nerves (median and medial plantar), as well as the F-wave latency values of 2 nerves (ulnar and tibial), were established as the reference values for the pediatric patients. Conclusions: The NCS parameters of Iranian children were slightly different from the normal references reported by studies in other countries. Moreover, the SNAP and CMAP amplitudes and motor conduction velocity of these children usually reached the normal values of the adult population earlie

Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1

Background Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. Methods For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dosespecific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in countryreported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. Findings By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81.6% [95% uncertainty interval 80.4-82 .7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39.9% [37.5-42.1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38.5% [35.4-41.3] in 1980 to 83.6% [82.3-84.8] in 2019). Third- dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42.6% (41.4-44.1) in 1980 to 79.8% (78.4-81.1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56.8 million (52.6-60. 9) to 14.5 million (13.4-15.9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. Interpretation After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe