Intervención Cognitivo-Conductual en un caso de Tricotilomanía

This study presents the clinical case of a 21-year-old woman who is presenting impulse control disorders type Trichotillomania. Two aims appear, to diminish the anxiety and the frequency of hair pulling. The intervention used is of cognitive - behavioral type. The results are, in a beginning positives because there is a decrease of the unwated bahavior, do not allow to conclude that the intervention has been successful since the abandon by the client before it conclusion does that it could not confirm such a fact throughout the time. In spite of the increase in the number of investigations on this disorder many unknows are not resolved. Questions related to etiological factors, prevalence, treatment adherence, contribution of each technique, etc., they need from studies that respond its.Resumen En este trabajo se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 21 años de edad que presenta trastorno del control de los impulsos de tipo Tricotilomanía. El objetivo planteado es doble: disminuir la ansiedad y reducir la frecuencia del arrancamiento del vello. Para ello se emplea una intervención de tipo cognitivo-conductual. Los resultados obtenidos, en un principio positivos debido a que se produce un descenso de la conducta no deseada, no permiten llegar a la conclusión de que la intervención haya sido satisfactoria ya que el abandono por parte de la cliente antes de su finalización hace que no se pueda confirmar tal hecho a lo largo del tiempo. A pesar del incremento en el número de investigaciones sobre este trastorno siguen existiendo muchas incógnitas por resolver. Cuestiones relacionadas con factores etiológicos, prevalencia, adhesión al tratamiento, aportación de cada técnica, etc., necesitan de más estudios que le den respuesta. Abstract This study presents the clinical case of a 21-year-old woman who is presenting impulse control disorders type Trichotillomania. Two aims appear, to diminish the anxiety and the frequency of hair pulling. The intervention used is of cognitive - behavioral type. The results are, in a beginning positives because there is a decrease of the unwated bahavior, do not allow to conclude that the intervention has been successful since the abandon by the client before it conclusion does that it could not confirm such a fact throughout the time. In spite of the increase in the number of investigations on this disorder many unknows are not resolved. Questions related to etiological factors, prevalence, treatment adherence, contribution of each technique, etc., they need from studies that respond its

Validation of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II in Spanish University Students

Background: This study aimed to analyse the psychometric properties of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II) to provide evidence of validity for its use in research on health promotion and the quality of life of young Spanish university students. Method: A sample of 807 participants (75.09% female) aged 18–26 years (M = 20.68; SD = 2.13) completed the CEI-II and health and quality of life measures questionnaire. Results: A unidimensional structure was confirmed, but the original two-dimensional structure also showed an adequate fit. The measures obtained from the CEI-II were gender- and age-invariant, which exhibited adequate internal consistency for both the full scale and subscales, and showed a statistically significant relationship with life satisfaction, sense of coherence, and psychological distress. Conclusions: The CEI-II can be used as unidimensional, which is recommended, but also as a two-dimensional measure. Both structures provide reliable, valid, and invariant measures across gender and age of exploratory behaviours in Spanish university students. Furthermore, the results confirm the association between exploratory behaviours and greater health management.This research was supported by the EPIT 2020 project (University of Huelva, Spain) under Grant UHU-6272020

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Evaluación de los sesgos atencionales en fumadores a través de las etapas del modelo transteórico del cambio

El modelo transteórico del cambio de Prochaska y DiClemente es un modelo ampliamente utilizado en la explicación del cambio conductal intencional, sobre todo en el adictivo. Por otro lado, está demostrado que los sesgos cognitivos influyen en las conducta adictiva. En este encuadre, nos planteamos si dicho modelo, entre cuyas variables principales se encuentran constructos de tipo psicológico, podría ser valorado experimentalmente desde el punto de vista del procesamiento de la información. Especificamente, si los sesgos atencionales y de memoria ejercen una acción diferencial en función de la etapa del Modelo Transteórico. Para ello hemos utilizado las tareas: Stroop emocional, detección del punto, recuerdo libre y reconocimiento. Otro objetivo fue medir los constructos del MTT en el propio modelo y comparar los resultados con los hallados en un modelo de clasificación basado en variables de consumo (OMS). La conducta adictiva elegida para la valoración fue el consumo de tabaco, debido a las implicaciones negativas que tiene como conducta no saludable. Hemos obtenido apoyo empírico para el MTT y un apoyo parcial de los sesgos cognitivos según las etapas del MTT________________________________________________________________________________________"The Transtheoretical Model of Change" of Prochaska and DiClemente is one of the most widely used models to explain the intentional behavioral change, especially in the addictive behaviour.On the other hand, there is evidence that cognitive biases exert any influence on the addictive behavior. In this frame, we ask whether a model of change, whose main variables are kind of psychological constructs, could be assessed experimentally from the information processing.Specifically, we wonder if biases attentionals and memory exert a differential action depending on the stage of Transtheoretical Mode. We have used the tasks: emotional Stroop, dot probe task, recognition and self-remembrance. Another objetive, we have considered the constructs of MTT in the model itself and compare the results with those found in a standard classification based on consumption variables (WHO). The addictive behavior chosen for the evaluation has been the consumption of snuff, because of the negative implications for the healthy behavior. We have obtained empirical support for the MTT and partial support of cognitive biases according to stages of MTT

Intervención Cognitivo-Conductual en un caso de Tricotilomanía [Cognitive - Behavioral Intervention in a case of Trichotillomania]

This study presents the clinical case of a 21-year-old woman who is presenting impulse control disorders type Trichotillomania. Two aims appear, to diminish the anxiety and the frequency of hair pulling. The intervention used is of cognitive - behavioral type. The results are, in a beginning positives because there is a decrease of the unwated bahavior, do not allow to conclude that the intervention has been successful since the abandon by the client before it conclusion does that it could not confirm such a fact throughout the time. In spite of the increase in the number of investigations on this disorder many unknows are not resolved. Questions related to etiological factors, prevalence, treatment adherence, contribution of each technique, etc., they need from studies that respond its.Resumen En este trabajo se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 21 años de edad que presenta trastorno del control de los impulsos de tipo Tricotilomanía. El objetivo planteado es doble: disminuir la ansiedad y reducir la frecuencia del arrancamiento del vello. Para ello se emplea una intervención de tipo cognitivo-conductual. Los resultados obtenidos, en un principio positivos debido a que se produce un descenso de la conducta no deseada, no permiten llegar a la conclusión de que la intervención haya sido satisfactoria ya que el abandono por parte de la cliente antes de su finalización hace que no se pueda confirmar tal hecho a lo largo del tiempo. A pesar del incremento en el número de investigaciones sobre este trastorno siguen existiendo muchas incógnitas por resolver. Cuestiones relacionadas con factores etiológicos, prevalencia, adhesión al tratamiento, aportación de cada técnica, etc., necesitan de más estudios que le den respuesta. Abstract This study presents the clinical case of a 21-year-old woman who is presenting impulse control disorders type Trichotillomania. Two aims appear, to diminish the anxiety and the frequency of hair pulling. The intervention used is of cognitive - behavioral type. The results are, in a beginning positives because there is a decrease of the unwated bahavior, do not allow to conclude that the intervention has been successful since the abandon by the client before it conclusion does that it could not confirm such a fact throughout the time. In spite of the increase in the number of investigations on this disorder many unknows are not resolved. Questions related to etiological factors, prevalence, treatment adherence, contribution of each technique, etc., they need from studies that respond its

Cognitive - Behavioral Intervention in a case of Trichotillomania

En este trabajo se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 21 años de edad que presenta trastorno del control de los impulsos de tipo Tricotilomanía. El objetivo planteado es doble: disminuir la ansiedad y reducir la frecuencia del arrancamiento del vello. Para ello se emplea una intervención de tipo cognitivo-conductual. Los resultados obtenidos, en un principio positivos debido a que se produce un descenso de la conducta no deseada, no permiten llegar a la conclusión de que la intervención haya sido satisfactoria ya que el abandono por parte de la cliente antes de su finalización hace que no se pueda confirmar tal hecho a lo largo del tiempo. A pesar del incremento en el número de investigaciones sobre este trastorno siguen existiendo muchas incógnitas por resolver. Cuestiones relacionadas con factores etiológicos, prevalencia, adhesión al tratamiento, aportación de cada técnica, etc., necesitan de más estudios que le den respuesta.This study presents the clinical case of a 21-year-old woman who is presenting impulse control disorders type Trichotillomania. Two aims appear, to diminish the anxiety and the frequency of hair pulling. The intervention used is of cognitive - behavioral type. The results are, in a beginning positives because there is a decrease of the unwated bahavior, do not allow to conclude that the intervention has been successful since the abandon by the client before it conclusion does that it could not confirm such a fact throughout the time. In spite of the increase in the number of investigations on this disorder many unknows are not resolved. Questions related to etiological factors, prevalence, treatment adherence, contribution of each technique, etc., they need from studies that respond its

Psicosomática Infanto-Juvenil. A propósito de un caso: Intervención cognitivo-conductual en un caso de fobia a dormir en la infancia

En este trabajo se presenta el caso clínico de un niño de 9 años y 10 meses de edad que presentaba miedo intenso cuando tenía que dormirse. Lo relevante que presenta este caso para la práctica clínica, fue el reducido número de sesiones que hicieron falta en la intervención, concretamente 3, para conseguir unos resultados positivos, tanto para el niño, como para su familia. Estos resultados se mantuvieron a lo largo del tiempo. En el trabajo realizado queda patente la utilidad de distintas técnicas cognitivo-conductuales en menores con miedo, la acción de la atención como mantenedor del miedo y la importancia de la motivación de la persona, a pesar de su corta edad, para conseguir una serie de cambios en la dirección desead

Evaluation of the Communicative Competence "Public Speaking" in a Group University Students after a Course on Interpersonal Strategies

Preparar a los universitarios para el mundo laboral significa, en el sistema universitario en el que nos encontramos inmersos en la actualidad, dotarlos de una serie de competencias que no se aprenden en las clases magistrales. En este estudio se valoran las competencias de hablar en público y de inteligencia emocional antes y después de un programa de entrenamiento, basado en técnicas cognitivo-conductuales, de ocho sesiones de duración destinado para la mejora de estas habilidades. La muestra estuvo formada por alumnado de la universidad de Huelva que voluntariamente asistió al programa y que dio su consentimiento por escrito. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas después de la realización del curso en la competencia de ha- blar en público y en la dimensión de reparación de la escala de inteligencia emocional (TMMS).To prepare the university students for the work world means, in the university system in which we are immersed at the present, to provide their with a series of competences that they are not learned in the magisterial classes. For this study the competences speaking publicly and of emotional intelligence are evaluated before and after a training program, with cognitive-be - havioral strategiess, of eight meetings destined for the improvement in these skills. The sample was shaped by students of Huelva University that they voluntarily were present at the course after they gave his assent in writing. The results showed significant differences after the accom - plishment of the program in the competence of speaking publicly and in the repair dimension of thr Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS)