Refractory oxide insulated thermocouple designed and analyzed for high temperature applications

Study establishes design criteria for constructing high temperature thermocouple to measure nuclear fuel pin temperature. The study included a literature search to determine the compatibility of material useful for thermocouples, a hot zone error analysis, and a prototype design for hot junction and connector pin connections

Acute nontraumatic torticollis in a patient with right lower quadrant pain: case report

Right lower quadrant pain is one of the most common symptoms of the emergency patients. For accurate diagnosis and treatment; the patients must be questioned and examined very well. Also accompanying conditions due to right lower quadrant pain may be noticed. In this case presantation, we discussed a patient who was presented with right lower quadrant pain and cervical dystonia. By limiting the usage of metoclopramide the patient was followed seamlessly. In this case presentation we want to accentuate that a patient who with abdominal pain may be presented with rare symptoms such of dystonia. In such conditions a detailed anamnesis and physical  examination are the first steps of the evaluation to prevent potential hazardous outcomes. Inparticular, a surgeon must be always carefully while taking history and examining the patient

On the stationarity of linearly forced turbulence in finite domains

A simple scheme of forcing turbulence away from decay was introduced by Lundgren some time ago, the `linear forcing', which amounts to a force term linear in the velocity field with a constant coefficient. The evolution of linearly forced turbulence towards a stationary final state, as indicated by direct numerical simulations (DNS), is examined from a theoretical point of view based on symmetry arguments. In order to follow closely the DNS the flow is assumed to live in a cubic domain with periodic boundary conditions. The simplicity of the linear forcing scheme allows one to re-write the problem as one of decaying turbulence with a decreasing viscosity. Scaling symmetry considerations suggest that the system evolves to a stationary state, evolution that may be understood as the gradual breaking of a larger approximate symmetry to a smaller exact symmetry. The same arguments show that the finiteness of the domain is intimately related to the evolution of the system to a stationary state at late times, as well as the consistency of this state with a high degree of isotropy imposed by the symmetries of the domain itself. The fluctuations observed in the DNS for all quantities in the stationary state can be associated with deviations from isotropy. Indeed, self-preserving isotropic turbulence models are used to study evolution from a direct dynamical point of view, emphasizing the naturalness of the Taylor microscale as a self-similarity scale in this system. In this context the stationary state emerges as a stable fixed point. Self-preservation seems to be the reason behind a noted similarity of the third order structure function between the linearly forced and freely decaying turbulence, where again the finiteness of the domain plays an significant role.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, changes in the discussion at the end of section VI, formula (60) correcte

Phenomena of electrostatic perturbations before strong earthquakes (2005–2010) observed on DEMETER

International audienceDuring the DEMETER operating period in 2004– 2010, many strong earthquakes took place in the world. 69 strong earthquakes with a magnitude above 7.0 during January 2005 to February 2010 were collected and analysed. The orbits, recorded in local nighttime by satellite, were chosen by a distance of 2000 km to the epicentres during the 9 days around these earthquakes, with 7 days before and 1 day after. The anomaly is defined when the disturbances in the electric field PSD increased to at least 1 order of magnitude relative to the normal median level about 10 −2 µV 2 /m 2 /Hz at 19.5–250 Hz frequency band, and the starting point of perturbations not exceeding 10 • relative to the epicentral latitude. Among the 69 earthquakes, it is shown that electrostatic perturbations were detected at ULF-ultra low frequency and ELF-extremely low frequency band before the 32 earthquakes, nearly 46 %. Furthermore, we extended the searching scale of these perturbations to the globe, and it can be found that before some earthquakes, the electrostatic anomalies were distributed in a much larger area a few days before, and then they concentrated to the closest orbit when the earthquake would happen one day or a few hours later, which reflects the spatial developing feature during the seismic preparation process. The results in this paper contribute to a better description of the electromagnetic (EM) disturbances at an altitude of 660– 710 km in the ionosphere that can help towards a further understanding of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere (LAI) coupling mechanism

Quasifree Neutron Knockout Reaction Reveals a Small s-Orbital Component in the Borromean Nucleus B-17

A kinematically complete quasifree (p, pn) experiment in inverse kinematics was performed to study the structure of the Borromean nucleus B-17, which had long been considered to have a neutron halo. By analyzing the momentum distributions and exclusive cross sections, we obtained the spectroscopic factors for 1s(1/2) and 0d(5/2) orbitals, and a surprisingly small 1s(1/2) percentage of 9(2)% was determined for 1s(1/2). Our finding of such a small component and the halo features reported in prior experiments can be explained by the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum, revealing a definite but not dominant neutron halo in B-17. The present work gives the smallest s- or p-orbital component among known nuclei exhibiting halo features and implies that the dominant occupation of s or p orbitals is not a prerequisite for the occurrence of a neutron halo

Thermo-Mechanical Treatment Effects on Stress Relaxation and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Cold-Drawn Eutectoid Steels

The effects of the temperature and stretching levels used in the stress-relieving treatment of cold-drawn eutectoid steel wires are evaluated with the aim of improving the stress relaxation behavior and the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Five industrial treatments are studied, combining three temperatures (330, 400, and 460 °C) and three stretching levels (38, 50 and 64% of the rupture load). The change of the residual stress produced by the treatments is taken into consideration to account for the results. Surface residual stresses allow us to explain the time to failure in standard hydrogen embrittlement test

International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation

In December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the thirteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2015.0, a main field model for epoch 2020.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2020.0 to 2025.0. This letter provides the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this thirteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination and total field intensity for the epoch 2020.0, and maps of their predicted rate of change for the 2020.0 to 2025.0 time period

Effect of the preop urethral catheterization time in transurethal resection of the large prostate

Purpose: Transurethral resection of a prostate in the treatment of larger glands takes more time to finish the resection and there is a high risk of morbidity related to the operative bleeding. We want to emphasize the importance of urethral catheterization time before TUR of the prostate in order to decrease hemorrhage and for low morbidity. Methods: Between January 1992 to January 1995 seventy-nine patients who underwent TUR of the prostate and in whom the resected weight was 50 grams or more, were evaluated. Their ages ranged from 52 to 84 years (mean 67.3). The effect of preoperative urethral catheterization time on the operative and postoperative period was observed in three groups. Results: In 21 patients as a group A, who had no urethral catheter or had just for one day before the operation, the mean resected prostatic tissue was 60 gr and the mean resection time was 85 minutes. In 32 patients as the group B, who had urethral catheter for two to seven days preoperatively, the mean resected tissue was 71 gr and the mean resection time was 60 minutes. In 26 patients as the group C, who were catheterized because of an acute retention and waited for the operation for more than a week, mean resected tissue was 71 gr and the mean operation time was 75 minutes. In group A, 1-4 units of blood transfusion was done in six patients (28.6%) and gross hematuria was seen in five patients (23.8%). In group B, one patient required two units of blood transfusion. There were no need for transfusion in group C. Amount of resected prostatic tissue per minute for group A, B and C were 0.70 gr, 1.18 gr and 0.95 gr, respectively. When we evaluate these values, resected tissue per minute was significantly low in group A, when compared with B and C (p < 0.02 for group B and p < 0.001 for group C). Conclusion: Especially in the treatment of larger glands, operation time and hemorrhage are the important factors for the success and preoperative urethral catheterization time for at least two days is an effective factor that reduces per and postoperative hemorrhage and shortens the operation time