Prognostic factors in ganglionic and thalamic haemorrhages: a clinical and radiological study.

Clinical and radiological features of 43 patients admitted for ganglionic (21) and thalamic (22) haemorrhages were studied to ascertain the factors that would determine prognosis in the acute stage of the illness. Nineteen patients died, 16 of them in the first week. The adverse clinical factors were an altered state of consciousness, decorticate/decerebrate posturing, ataxic respiration, abnormalities of gaze and presence of bilateral Babinski\u27s sign. Adverse radiological factors were the presence of thalamic haemorrhage of 3 cm or more, intraventricular spread of the haemorrhage and midline shift of 0.5 cm of more. The significance of these findings is discussed

International center for monitoring cloud computing providers (ICMCCP) for ensuring trusted clouds

Cloud computing offers flexible and scalable IT (Information Technology) services for which many organizations are now interested in harnessing its benefit. In spite of the enthusiasm and great interest, Cloud computing has not yet earned full trust of the individual customers, banks, armed forces, governments, and companies who do sensitive computing tasks. While it is not the goal to persuade everyone to use the technology and some types of tasks are to be done with secrecy, for the general works done by the companies and customers, Cloud could be heavily used. However, it is very difficult to convince people that the Cloud Providers (CPs) would keep their data protected. To address this issue, what required is to employ some mechanism that can establish the trust of the users. With this motivation, in this paper, we present a novel concept for trust assurance in Cloud services with the proposal of implementing a Global Central Bank-like regulatory authority. Our initiative is termed International Center for Monitoring Cloud Computing Providers (ICMCCP). Various facets of ICMCCP model have been described alongside the policy making issues. Necessary backgrounds of Cloud are also presented

Detecting Zero-day Polymorphic Worms with Jaccard Similarity Algorithm

Zero-day polymorphic worms pose a serious threat to the security of Mobile systems and Internet infrastructure. In many cases, it is difficult to detect worm attacks at an early stage. There is typically little or no time to develop a well-constructed solution during such a worm outbreak. This is because the worms act only to spread from node to node and they bring security concerns to everyone using Internet via any static or mobile node. No system is safe from an aggressive worm crisis. However, many of the characteristics of a worm can be used to defeat it, including its predictable behavior and shared signatures. In this paper, we propose an efficient signature generation method based on string similarity algorithms to generate signatures for Zero-day polymorphic worms. Then, these signatures are practically applied to an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to prevent the network from such attacks. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed approach compared to other existing mechanisms

Effect of Dimethoate Residues on Soil Micro-arthropods Population in the Valley of Zendan,Yemen

The present study aimed to screen the effect of overuse of the insecticide Dimethoate and its residues within 0 -15 cm soil layer on the soil micro-arthropods population, which play a very important role in maintenance of the fertility of the soil. The valley of Zendan is located in Arhab Destrict, Sana'a Governorate, Yemen. The valley is about 50 km north-east of Sana'a city and this geographical area is a large producer of Qat (Catha edulis Forsk); the plant which most of the people in the country chew. In this study the valley divided into three stations, each station contained three treated substations and three control substations. The control substations selected from the farms, which are historically free from pesticides. Due care has been taken to insure that the treated sub-stations were from the closest area to the control substations. The average use of Dimethoate 40% E.C is 1-2 ml/L water. The treatment replication was 1-3 times within the period of 2-3 weeks. In this study also, we analyzed the total concentration of Dimethoate, and its metabolite; Omethoate in the soil layer of 0-15 cm. The analysis of Dimethoate and Omethoate residues from representative soil samples covered the major part of the Zendan valley was done by the technique of LC-MS, and the results revealed that the detected levels ranged from 0.914 to 5.180 mg/kg air-dried soil for Dimethoate residues and 0.001 to 0.067 mg/kg air-dried soil for Omethoate residues. For studying the effect of Dimethoate residues on the soil micro-arthropods population, soil samples from each substation were collected with core sampler. The soil micro-arthropods were extracted for 48 hours and collected in vials containing 70% alcohol by using the extraction funnels technique. The number and type of soil micro-arthropods extracted from each substation were separated and recorded and the data obtained was analyzed. The outcomes of the study revealed that Dimethoate and Omethoate residues are beyond the Total Threshold Limit Concentration (TTLC) and significantly reduced the population of the non-target soil micro-arthropods that included mainly mites, collembolans, beetle larvae, trips, cutworms, symphyla and seed corn maggot. Mites and collembolans were the most affected micro-arthropods by Dimethoate and Omethoate residues. The reduction in the soil micro-arthropods population varied from 59% to 69% as compared to its population in control substations. The maximum decline of soil microarthropods was found to be in substations where the highest residues of Dimethoate and Omethoate were recorded. Thus indiscriminate use of pesticides such as Dimethoate will definitely affect the soil fertility in the area and that will reduce the crop yield in future. @JASE

Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative activity of new 1-phenyl-3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)urea scaffold-based compounds

A new series of 1-phenyl-3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)urea derivatives were synthesized and subjected to in vitro antiproliferative screening against National Cancer Institute (NCI)-60 human cancer cell lines of nine different cancer types. Fourteen compounds 5a-n were synthesized with three different solvent exposure moieties (4-hydroxylmethylpiperidinyl and trimethoxyphenyloxy and 4-hydroxyethylpiperazine) attached to the core structure. Substituents with different π and σ values were added on the terminal phenyl group. Compounds 5a-e with a 4-hydroxymethylpiperidine moiety showed broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity with higher mean percentage inhibition values over the 60-cell line panel at 10 µM concentration. Compound 5a elicited lethal rather than inhibition effects on SK-MEL-5 melanoma cell line, 786-0, A498, RXF 393 renal cancer cell lines, and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line. Two compounds, 5a and 5d showed promising mean growth inhibitions and thus were further tested at five-dose mode to determine median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. The data revealed that urea compounds 5a and 5d are the most active derivatives, with significant efficacies and superior potencies than paclitaxel in 21 different cancer cell lines belonging particularly to renal cancer and melanoma cell lines. Moreover, 5a and 5d had superior potencies than gefitinib in 38 and 34 cancer cell lines, respectively, particularly colon cancer, breast cancer and melanoma cell lines

A new estimate of carbon for Bangladesh forest ecosystems with their spatial distribution and REDD+ implications

In tropical developing countries, reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) is becoming an important mechanism for conserving forests and protecting biodiversity. A key prerequisite for any successful REDD+ project, however, is obtaining baseline estimates of carbon in forest ecosystems. Using available published data, we provide here a new and more reliable estimate of carbon in Bangladesh forest ecosystems, along with their geo-spatial distribution. Our study reveals great variability in carbon density in different forests and higher carbon stock in the mangrove ecosystems, followed by in hill forests and in inland Sal (Shorea robusta) forests in the country. Due to its coverage, degraded nature, and diverse stakeholder engagement, the hill forests of Bangladesh can be used to obtain maximum REDD+ benefits. Further research on carbon and biodiversity in under-represented forest ecosystems using a commonly accepted protocol is essential for the establishment of successful REDD+ projects and for the protection of the country’s degraded forests and for addressing declining levels of biodiversity

Microparticle surface layering through dry coating: impact of moisture content and process parameters on the properties of orally disintegrating tablets

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters during dry coating on particle and dosage form properties upon varying the surface adsorbed moisture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a model filler/binder for orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). Methods: The moisture content of MCC was optimised using the spray water method and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis. Microproperty/macro-property assessment was investigated using atomic force microscopy, nano-indentation, scanning electron microscopy, tablet hardness and disintegration testing. Key findings: The results showed that MCC demonstrated its best flowability at a moisture content of 11.2% w/w when compared to control, comprising of3.9% w/w moisture. The use of the composite powder coating process (without air) resulted in up to 80% increase in tablet hardness, when compared to the control. The study also demonstrated that surface adsorbed moisture can be displaced upon addition of excipients during dry processing circumventing the need for particle drying before tabletting. Conclusions: It was concluded that MCC with a moisture content of 11% w/w provides a good balance between powder flowability and favourable ODT characteristics

Puffing and Microexplosion Behavior of Water in Pure Diesel Emulsion Droplets During Leidenfrost Effect

The microexplosion evolution phenomenon of single droplets of water in pure diesel emulsion under Leidenfrost effect has been studied. The tested emulsions were stabilized with a blend of commercial surfactants with three different water contents of 9%, 12%, and 15%. A high speed camera synchronized with backlight technique was used to capture the evolution of microexplosion and puffing. Three different droplet diameters of approximately 2.6 mm, 2 mm, and 0.2 mm were analyzed. It was found that the tendency of microexplosion and puffing frequency was influenced by the droplet diameter. Coalescence was the dominating factor in inducing microexplosion in bigger droplets. It was observed that the child droplets ejected from the parent droplet undergoes further puffing processes. The size of the secondary droplets after microexplosion were also found to be slightly influenced by the parent droplet size.The waiting time for microexplosion and puffing were compared for different droplets size