Prevalence of the Helicobacter pylori in the tonsils and adenoids

INTRODUCTION: There is an ongoing debate about the existence and effects of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in adenotonsillar tissue. OBJECTIVE: A clinical study was conducted to assess the existence of Hp in the adenoid and/or adenotonsillar tissues, which were surgically excised due to chronic adenotonsillitis. METHODS: Phosphoglucosamine mutase gene for the detection of Hp and cytotoxin-associated gene as virulence gene were examined in 84 adenotonsillar tissues obtained from 64 patients and patients' serum by using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Hp IgG was detected in 57 (89%) patients' serum. A total of seven tissue samples from 64 patients (10.9%) were found positive for Hp DNA, of which five were adenoids and two were tonsil tissues. All polymerase chain reaction positive samples were also positive for the cytotoxin-associated gene, which is a virulence determinant for the organism. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that children are exposed to Hp at an early age of their life in this province. Hp may have a role in the pathogenesis of chronic adenotonsillitis, especially in endemic areas

Changing trends of carbapenem resistance of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from intensive care units, inpatient services and outpatients clinics: a five years retrospective analysis

Background: Carbapenem resistance (CR) was rarely reported in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains until ten years ago. In recent years, increasing carbapenem resistance in gram negative bacteria is a substantial concern. Objectives: In this study; we aimed to evaluate the changing frequency of CR in K.pneumoniae and E.coli strains that were isolated from the patients from intensive care units, inpatient services and outpatients clinics in the last five years. Methods: Data of antimicrobial susceptibility belonging to clinical isolates of K.pneumoniae and E.coli strains determined between 2013 and 2017 were retrospectively collected from Laboratory Information System. Results were statistically analyzed. Results: A total 4002 K.pneumoniae and 13462 E.coli strains were included. The CR of K.pneumoniae strains were found as 11.6%; while of E.colis were found as 0.6%. The highest CR frequency was detected among intensive care units isolates of K. pneumoniae as 20.1%. We determined that CR significantly increased in intensive care unit isolates of E.coli and K.pneumoniae about 5-10 folds throughout the study period; however, there was no remarkable change in the CR of E.coli strains from the outpatients clinics. Conclusion: We determined that the resistances of K.pneumoniae and E.coli strains to carbapenems were progressively increasing by years, especially in intensive care units and inpatient services. Therefore, appropriate antimicrobial use policies sought to be considered against to this growing problem. [Med-Science 2018; 7(3.000): 536-9

Is airborne transmission of Acinetobacter baumannii possible: A prospective molecular epidemiologic study in a tertiary care hospital

BAYINDIR, Yasar/0000-0003-3930-774X; Otlu, Baris/0000-0002-6220-0521; Ersoy, Yasemin/0000-0001-5730-6682WOS: 000392626300032PubMed: 27561435Background: Understanding the dynamics of aerial spread of Acinetobacter may provide useful information for production of effective control measurements. We investigated genetic relationships between air and clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Methods: We conducted a prospective surveillance study in a tertiary care hospital for 8 months. A total of 186 air samples were taken from 2 ICUs. Clonal characteristics of air isolates were compared with the prospective clinical strains and the previously isolated strains of ICU patients over a 23-month period. Results: Twenty-six (11.4%) air samples yielded A baumannii, of which 24 (92.3%) isolateswere carbapenemresistant. the Acinetobacter concentrationwas the highest in bedside sampling areas of infected patients (0.39 CFU/m(3)). Air isolateswere clustered in 13 genotypes, and 7 genotypes (including 18 air strains) were clonally related to the clinical strains of 9 ICU patients. One clone continued to be cultured over 27 days in ICU air, and air isolates could be clonally related to 7-week retrospective and approximately 15-week prospective clinical strains. Conclusions: the results of this study suggest that infected patients could spread significant amounts of Acinetobacter to ICU air. These strains could survive in air for some weeks and could likely still infect new patients after some months. Special control measurements may be required against the airborne spread of Acinetobacter in ICUs. (C) 2016 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Turkey with OXA-48-like carbapenemases and outer membrane protein loss

Treatment options are limited in infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, with carbapenems generally preferred. Disturbingly, however, carbapenem-resistant strains are emerging worldwide. Here we report two clinical isolates, one Escherichia coli and one Klebsiella pneumoniae, each with high-level carbapenem resistance (imipenem minimum inhibitory concentration of 32 microg/mL). They were isolated following imipenem therapy from two hospital patients who had received imipenem therapy in different regions of Turkey. Both isolates produced OXA-48-like carbapenemases, enzymes so far reported only from Turkey. Both isolates also had group 1 CTX-M-type ESBLs and had lost major outer membrane proteins. OXA-48-like carbapenemases appear to be scattered in Turkey and surveillance to determine their prevalence is warranted

Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Children with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Turkey: Baseline Evaluation of the Introduction of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Nationwide ▿ ‖

Before use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV7 became widespread in Turkey, 202 invasive pneumococcus isolates were analyzed. The most common serotypes were 19F and 6B. In children ≤2 years of age, the potential coverage rate of PCV7 was 69.5%. The most frequent non-PCV7 serotypes were 19A, 3, 1, 6A, and 8