Significance of ethnic values in the process of the youth self-definition in Northern Caucasus

В статье выявляются факторы, воздействующие на этническую социализацию в поликультурном пространстве Северного Кавказа. Рассматривается специфичность этнической идентичности юности.In this paper factors, affecting the increasing significance of ethnic socialization in policultural space of North Caucasus are considered. The specificity of the youth ethnic identity forming is shown and the necessity of other identity kinds development, allowing to develop constructive forms of intergroup reciprocity is demonstrated

Safety of pre-engraftment prophylactic foscarnet administration after allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a major cause of limbic encephalitis with a dismal prognosis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Because our previous trial of preemptive therapy with foscarnet sodium (phosphonoformic acid; PFA) failed to prevent HHV-6 encephalitis, we conducted a prospective study to examine the safety of prophylactic PFA administration and elucidate the changes in the plasma HHV-6 DNA levels in the early post-SCT period. Plasma HHV-6 DNA was measured thrice weekly from day 6. PFA, 90mg/kg/day, was administered from days 7 to 21 after bone marrow or peripheral blood SCT and to day 25 after umbilical cord blood transplantation. Of the 10 patients enrolled, 2 dropped out of the study, 1 because of early death, and 1 with a low glomerular filtration rate. Grade 3 or greater adverse events occurred in 9 of the 10 prophylactic PFA patients and in 7 of the 10 control patients who had clinical backgrounds similar to the study subjects and underwent SCT during the same period. Neurological disorders developed in none of the study subjects but in 4 of the 10 control patients, including 2 with HHV-6 encephalitis. HHV-6 reactivation occurred in 3 of the 10 study subjects. The prophylactic PFA regimen was thus safe and it may reduce the risk of limbic encephalitis, but is not considered to be potent enough to prevent HHV-6 reactivation. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Asymmetrical bonding in liquid Bi disentangled by inelastic X-ray scattering

The structure of liquid Bi has been debated in relationship with the Peierls distortion, as crystalline Bi takes A7 structure. A recent ab initio molec- ular dynamics simulation for liquid Bi predicted a flat-topped profile of the acoustic dispersion curve. To confirm the prediction, we have carried out inelas- tic x-ray scattering (IXS) for liquid Bi. The dynamic structure factor obtained by the IXS exhibits a distinct inelastic excitation of the longitudinal acoustic mode up to 14 nm−1 and the dispersion curve of the excitation energy obtained by the memory function analysis becomes a flat-topped one. We found that a linear chain model including the interatomic interaction with the second near- est neighbors can explain the flat-topped profile. The result suggests that the anomalous dispersion curve in liquid Bi arises from local anisotropy related to the Peierls distortion in the crystalline phase.

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Dynamical inhomogeneity of liquid Te near the melting temperature proved by the inelastic x-ray scattering measurements

High-frequency dynamics of liquid Te near the melting temperature has been investigated by the inelastic x-ray scattering measurements. Dynamic structure factors S(Q; E) are obtained at 500, 650 and 800 ±C. Acoustic excitation is ascertained at each temperature: its Q- dependent phase velocity v(Q) switches from high-frequency value vIXS to the ultrasonic value vs at some momentum transfer (Q = Qtrans). With decreasing temperature, both the positiveness (≡ (vIXS - vs)=vs) and the effective length (≡ 2π/Qtrans) increase, which means that the structural relaxation in liquid Te changes much in this temperature region. With the aid of the thermodynamic formulation, we show that it should be an evidence of the dynamical inhomogeneity: it can be much enhanced by the M-NM transition which exists in the supercooled region. The dynamical inhomogeneity may be induced by the second critical phenomena which is similar to liquid water

Dynamical inhomogeneity of liquid Te near the melting temperature proved by the inelastic x-ray scattering measurements

High-frequency dynamics of liquid Te near the melting temperature has been investigated by the inelastic x-ray scattering measurements. Dynamic structure factors S(Q; E) are obtained at 500, 650 and 800 ±C. Acoustic excitation is ascertained at each temperature: its Q- dependent phase velocity v(Q) switches from high-frequency value vIXS to the ultrasonic value vs at some momentum transfer (Q = Qtrans). With decreasing temperature, both the positiveness (≡ (vIXS - vs)=vs) and the effective length (≡ 2π/Qtrans) increase, which means that the structural relaxation in liquid Te changes much in this temperature region. With the aid of the thermodynamic formulation, we show that it should be an evidence of the dynamical inhomogeneity: it can be much enhanced by the M-NM transition which exists in the supercooled region. The dynamical inhomogeneity may be induced by the second critical phenomena which is similar to liquid water