The relationship of aberrant observation and structural break point: determination with bayesian autoregressive process

Yapısal kırılma noktası, zaman serilerinde sapan gözlem türlerinden biri olan seviye kayması (Level Shift) olarak düşünülebilir. Çalışmada sapan gözlem türlerinden özellikle seviye kayması ve Bayesyen otoregresif sürece kısaca değinilmiştir. Bu kapsamda seviye kaymasının Bayesyen otoregresif süreçle de bulunabildiği bir seri üzerinde gösterilmiştir.In time series, structural break point can be considered as Level Shift, one type of aberrant observation. Types of aberrant observations, especially Level Shift, and Bayesian autoregressive process are mentioned in the study. In this extent, the ability of finding Level Shift with Bayesian Autoregressive process is also demonstrated on real data

The Relationship between Socio-Economic Development, Corruption and Health Indicators: Application of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling

This study investigates the effects of corruption on health indicators and main cause of corruption by using structural equation modeling. Based on the heterogeneous dataset of 126 countries, structural equation model was estimated by using partial least square method where different development levels of countries were included. Findings indicate that GDP per capita, democracy levels and education level of women are three prominent variables that explain corruption in highly developed and developed countries. Corruption decreases as the regime becomes more democratic and GDP per capita increases. Furthermore, corruption has significantly displayed the effect it has on health indicators. As to middle and low-developed countries, the education level of women and health expenditure affect health indicators regardless of corruption and GDP per capita. And as the regime becomes more autocratic, corruption rises

Sapan Gözlem ile Yapısal Kırılma Noktası İlişkisi ve Bunun Bayesyen Otoregresif Süreçle Tespiti

In time series, structural break point can be considered as Level Shift, one type of aberrant observation. Types of aberrant observations, especially Level Shift, and Bayesian autoregressive process are mentioned in the study. In this extent, the ability of finding Level Shift with Bayesian Autoregressive process is also demonstrated on real data.Yapısal kırılma noktası, zaman serilerinde sapan gözlem türlerinden biri olan seviye kayması (Level Shift) olarak düşünülebilir. Çalışmada sapan gözlem türlerinden özellikle seviye kayması ve Bayesyen otoregresif sürece kısaca değinilmiştir. Bu kapsamda seviye kaymasının Bayesyen otoregresif süreçle de bulunabildiği bir seri üzerinde gösterilmiştir

Investigating the relationship between gender inequality and happiness of OECD countries using classical and robust canonical correlation analysesOECD ülkelerinde cinsiyet eşitsizliği ve mutluluk arasındaki ilişkinin klasik ve dayanıklı kanonik korelasyon analizleri ile incelenmesi

Gender equality corrresponds to equal rights and opportunities of individuals based on their gender. However, gender inequality refers mostly  lack of women’s  economic and political empowerment. Socially constructed different gender roles can be observed mostly in daily life.  Gender inequality  which can be perceived as an important social dynamic affects the happiness of individuals and hence  happiness of society. In this study, the relationship between the sub indicators of Gender Inequality Index and Happines Index for OECD countries have been investigated using canonical correlation analysis based on both pearson correlation matrix and  MM  covariance estimator. As is known, canonical correlation analysis explores the relationships between two multivariate sets of variables. Findings indicate that there is a strong correlation between Gender Inequality Index and Happines Index. ÖzetToplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği kadınların ve erkeklerin, kız ve erkek çocuklarının eşit hak, sorumluluk ve fırsatlardan yararlanma hakkına sahip oldukları anlamına gelmektedir. Daha çok kadına yönelik cinsiyet eşitsizliği olarak yansıyan cinsiyet eşitsizliği ise kaynaklara ve fırsatlara ulaşmada eşitsizlik, iş hayatı ve siyasette kadının sınırlı olarak yer alması şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin gündelik yaşamdaki yansıması en iyi çiftler arasındaki ilişkilerde ve toplumsal kültürel yapıda gözlenebilmektedir. Toplumsal dinamik olarak önemli bir faktör olan cinsiyet eşitsizliği doğrudan bireylerin mutluluğu ve dolayısıyla toplumun mutluluğu üzerinde oldukça etkilidir. Bu çalışmada OECD ülkelerine ait Cinsiyet eşitsizliği indeksi bileşenleri  ve mutluluk indeksi bileşenleri arasındaki ilişki Pearson korelasyon matrisi ve dayanıklı (robust) MM kovaryans tahmincisine dayalı kanonik korelasyon analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Bilindiği gibi kanonik korelasyon analizi, değişken setleri arasındaki ilişki incelenirken kullanılan bir çok değişkenli analiz tekniğidir. Her iki yaklaşıma göre elde edilen bulgular mutluluk indeksi ve cinsiyet eşitsizliği indeksi arasında güçlü bir ilişkiye işaret etmektedir

Higher education students’ achievement emotions and their antecedents in e-learning amid COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country survey

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a wide range of negative consequences for higher education students. We explored the generalizability of the control-value theory of achievement emotions for e-learning, focusing on their antecedents. We involved 17019 higher education students from 13 countries, who completed an online survey during the first wave of the pandemic. A structural equation model revealed that proximal antecedents (e-learning self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy) mediated the relation between environmental antecedents (cognitive and motivational quality of the task) and positive and negative achievement emotions, with some exceptions. The model was invariant across country, area of study, and gender. The rates of achievement emotions varied according to these same factors. Beyond their theoretical relevance, these findings could be the basis for policy recommendations to support stakeholders in coping with the challenges of e-learning and the current and future sequelae of the pandemic.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean

We present a spatiotemporal picture of human genetic diversity in Anatolia, Iran, Levant, South Caucasus, and the Aegean, a broad region that experienced the earliest Neolithic transition and the emergence of complex hierarchical societies. Combining 35 new ancient shotgun genomes with 382 ancient and 23 present-day published genomes, we found that genetic diversity within each region steadily increased through the Holocene. We further observed that the inferred sources of gene flow shifted in time. In the first half of the Holocene, Southwest Asian and the East Mediterranean populations homogenized among themselves. Starting with the Bronze Age, however, regional populations diverged from each other, most likely driven by gene flow from external sources, which we term “the expanding mobility model.” Interestingly, this increase in inter-regional divergence can be captured by outgroup-f$_3$-based genetic distances, but not by the commonly used F$_{ST}$ statistic, due to the sensitivity of F$_{ST}$, but not outgroup-f$_3$, to within-population diversity. Finally, we report a temporal trend of increasing male bias in admixture events through the Holocene

Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication

Yurtman, ozer, Yuncu et al. provide an ancient DNA data set to demonstrate the impact of human activity on the demographic history of domestic sheep. The authors demonstrate that there may have been multiple domestication events with notable changes to the gene pool of European and Anatolian sheep since the Neolithic. Sheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic

Robust regresyon ve Mathematica uygulamaları

Robust tahminciler, veri kümesinde gözlemlerin homojen dağılmaması halinde güvenilir çıkarsamalar yapmak amacıyla kullanılır. Bu çalışmada robust tahminci özellikleri, türleri ve algoritmaları üzerinde durulmuş, bilgisayar kullanımı gerektiren algoritmalar Mathematica programlama dilinde yazılmıştır. Üç farklı veri kümesine bu algoritmalar uygulanmıştır. Tezin temel amacı, klasik regresyon varsayımlarının aykırı gözlem varlığı yüzünden sağlanamaması halinde En Küçük Kareler yöntemine alternatif olarak sunulan Robust Regresyon yöntemlerinin tartışılmasıdır. Abstract Robust Estimators are used for having safer statistical inferences when the sample observations are not independently and identically distributed. In this study robust estimators' properties, classes of robust estimators and their algorithms are viewed. These algorithms are written on Mathematica programming language