Review Article: Genetics and Breeding Overview for Coffee Wilt Disease Resistance

The presence of intra- and inter specific variability in the coffee species provide a potential source of resistance to coffee wilt disease (CWD). Additionally, the existence of Robusta and Arabica wilt pathogenic forms enables to design effective breeding strategies to develop resistant cultivars towards each population. The inheritance of resistance to Fussarium xylarioides in Coffea canephora suggested that resistance is controlled by polygenic. Heritability is low to moderate with low genetic gains of choosing a progeny of resistant parents as source of planting materials; so that resistant clones should be propagated vegetatively. Alternatively, in Arabica CWD resistance has been suggested that presence of certain quantitative with qualitative resistance. Moreover, Arabica coffee was lacking or low heterosis  for resistance, predominance of additive over non additive genetic effects and estimated of high heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) for resistance and incubation period; indicated that selection and hybridization are important to improve population and to obtain segregating generation, respectively. The resistant Arabica coffee genotypes were also significantly associated with extended incubation period, leaf area, stem diameter and minimum number of defoliated leaves than the susceptible genotypes. For further screening, promising resistant Arabica coffee genotypes were planted and also under evaluation for other major diseases, yield and quality traits at sick plot of Gera agricultural Research Sub Center, Ethiopia. Generally, CWD symptoms, source of resistance, host-pathogen interaction, resistance screening techniques, genotypes evaluation, inheritance of resistance, hybridization and resistant variety development approaches were comprehensively discussed. Keywords: Coffee Wilt Disease, Coffea Arabica, Coffea canephora, Resistance DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/9-7-10 Publication date: April 30th 201

Review Article: Genetics and Breeding Overview for Coffee Wilt Disease Resistance

The presence of intra- and inter specific variability in the coffee species provide a potential source of resistance to Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD). Additionally, the existence of Robusta and Arabica wilt pathogenic forms enables to design effective breeding strategies to develop resistant cultivars towards each population. The inheritance of resistance to Fussarium xylarioides in Coffea canephora suggested that resistance is controlled by polygenic. Heritability is low to moderate with low genetic gains of choosing a progeny of resistant parents as source of planting materials; so that resistant clones should be propagated vegetatively. Alternatively, in Arabica CWD resistance has been suggested that presence of certain quantitative with qualitative resistance. Moreover, Arabica coffee was lacking or low heterosis  for resistance, predominance of additive over non additive genetic effects and estimated of high heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) for resistance and incubation period; indicated that selection and hybridization are important to improve population and to obtain segregating generation, respectively. The resistant Arabica coffee genotypes were also significantly associated with extended incubation period, leaf area, stem diameter and minimum number of defoliated leaves than the susceptible genotypes. For further screening, promising resistant Arabica coffee genotypes were planted and also under evaluation for other major diseases, yield and quality traits at sick plot of Gera agricultural Research Sub Center, Ethiopia. Generally, CWD symptoms, source of resistance, host-pathogen interaction, resistance screening techniques, genotypes evaluation, inheritance of resistance, hybridization and resistant variety development approaches were comprehensively discussed. Keywords: Coffee Wilt Disease, Coffea Arabica, Coffea canephora, Resistance DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-9-01 Publication date:September 30th 202

Help-Seeking Behavior of African American and Non-African American Victims of Elderly Abuse

Elderly abuse is a pervasive public health problem in the United States. Most abuse and neglect go unreported due to barriers including fear for safety, concerns about the consequences, culture, lack of knowledge about elder abuse, shame, and self-blame. However, there is limited research on how race and ethnicity impact help-seeking behaviors of the elderly. This cross-sectional quantitative study examined the difference in reporting and help-seeking behavior between African American and non-African American victims of elderly abuse. Applying the behavioral model of health services use, this study involved a secondary data analysis using the Nation Elderly Mistreatment Study Wave II survey (N = 774). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the difference in help-seeking behavior and perpetrator’s characteristics between African Americans and non-African Americans. The results of the study showed no significant difference in reporting between African Americans and non-African Americans. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in perpetrator characteristics between African American and non-African American victims of elder abuse. The implication for social change includes a better understanding of the reporting and help-seeking behavior of African American victims of elder abuse and enablers and barriers in reporting and help-seeking. It will also help identify mechanisms for detecting abuse and mistreatment and implementing interventions that have the potential to prevent mistreatment

Help-Seeking Behavior of African American and Non-African American Victims of Elderly Abuse

Elderly abuse is a pervasive public health problem in the United States. Most abuse and neglect go unreported due to barriers including fear for safety, concerns about the consequences, culture, lack of knowledge about elder abuse, shame, and self-blame. However, there is limited research on how race and ethnicity impact help-seeking behaviors of the elderly. This cross-sectional quantitative study examined the difference in reporting and help-seeking behavior between African American and non-African American victims of elderly abuse. Applying the behavioral model of health services use, this study involved a secondary data analysis using the Nation Elderly Mistreatment Study Wave II survey (N = 774). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the difference in help-seeking behavior and perpetrator’s characteristics between African Americans and non-African Americans. The results of the study showed no significant difference in reporting between African Americans and non-African Americans. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in perpetrator characteristics between African American and non-African American victims of elder abuse. The implication for social change includes a better understanding of the reporting and help-seeking behavior of African American victims of elder abuse and enablers and barriers in reporting and help-seeking. It will also help identify mechanisms for detecting abuse and mistreatment and implementing interventions that have the potential to prevent mistreatment

Perspectives on Initiating Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) involves partnerships between academics and communities to address community priorities through collaborative research. Undergraduate student engagement in CBPR as part of an academic course is uncommon and there is limited evidence on the lessons learned about partnership initiation from course-based partnerships. This paper shares lessons from Medford and Tufts Community Health (MATCH), a course-based CBPR initiative. At the end of this course, three students, the instructor, and two community partners identified a list of four key lessons learned about partnership initiation. First, undergraduates should understand and explicitly attend to the privileges they bring to CBPR as students. Second, internal “champions,” who serve in a dual role in the community and university can provide students with important historical context to support partnership initiation. Third, students should assess and communicate what they can offer to community partners. Fourth, instructors should facilitate relationship building within student research teams. These lessons are critical for undergraduate instructors teaching CBPR courses and looking to initiate community partnerships with students

“Collaboration Toward One Collective Goal”: A Mixed-Methods Study of Short-Term Learning Outcomes and Long-Term Impacts Among Students Participating in an Undergraduate Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Course

Background: Research shows positive learning outcomes for students participating in service learning. However, the impacts of undergraduate student participation in Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) courses are minimally studied.Methods: We used a triangulation mixed-methods design approach to analyze short- and long-term (1–5 years post-course) data collected from 59 undergraduate students across 5 cohorts of a CBPR course (2014–19). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data and descriptive statistics and frequencies were generated to analyze the quantitative data.Results: We developed five key themes based on short-term qualitative data: integration of CBPR and traditional research skills; importance of community engagement in research; identity; accountability; and collaboration. Themes from qualitative course evaluations aligned with these findings. Long-term qualitative data revealed that former students gained research knowledge, research skills, and professional skills and then applied these in other settings. This aligns with quantitative findings, where >79% of respondents reported that course participation “extensively” improved their research skills. Post-course, students still reflected on the importance of community engagement in research and reported a substantially enhanced likelihood of civic engagement.Discussion/Conclusions: Students gained critical knowledge and skills that positively impact their ability to engage in community-based work well after the end of course participation. Some students reported considering research-oriented careers and graduate programs for the first time after course participation. Collaborative learning experiences with community partners and members encouraged students to reflect on research designs that center community voices. We stress here that community partnerships require extensive cultivation, but they can create opportunities to translate findings directly back to communities and provide numerous benefits to undergraduate students. We hope that our findings provide the information needed to consider pilot testing practice-based CBPR courses in a variety of public health training contexts

Intensity duration frequency curve analysis for selected meteorological stations in North Shoa, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

The estimation of rainfall intensity is required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. Rainfall data of 11 – 23 years long from four stations was used to generate Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves and parameters for selected stations in the study area. The daily rainfall data set obtained was then subjected to frequency analysis to determine the distribution which best characterizes the data set. The result showed that Log Person Type III was the best fit probability distribution function. The annual extreme values of rainfall depth were computed for different rainfall durations and return periods. Ranked rainfall depths for each return period were converted to rainfall intensities. The corresponding rainfall intensities were computed for different rainfall durations and return periods. IDF curves were developed using MIDUSS 2.25 software for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years and for durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and determined IDF parameters. The results shown that for shorter durations (1 hour and 2 hours), the IDF curves gave higher intensities for the same return period while for longer durations (3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h), they gave low intensities for the same return period. The IDF relationship developed can be used as valuable tool for the designing of hydraulic structures in the region. This study could serve as a spring board for other studies that imply the calculation of a peak flow and designing of hydraulic structures as an input to help improve flood resilience in the region

Care givers access to the best available practice in relation to patient safety : Evidence based practice

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to see if access to scientific research articles at work place can positively affect patient safety and enhance care givers adherence to evidence based practice. Method; Qualitative method was used in this study where nineteen scientific research articles were analyzed through deductive content analysis which helped to answer the re-search question posed for the study. Previous researched articles which are relevant to effectiveness, credibility, acceptability and ethical issue were sought. The findings were presented through the perspective of the advantaged party that is from the patient safety point of view, quality improvement of service centers, cost reduction of organizations and capacity building of health workers. Conclusion; It can be concluded that access to research findings at work place has demonstrated positive effects on patient safety and quality of care. Pre-appraised research findings which are relevant and up-to-date helps care givers to adhere to evidence based practice and save their time. Also care givers will not be worry for verifying credibility of findings and it enable them to cope-up with up to date research findings and technologies. Research demonstrates that access to online evidence systems at work place improves professionals' accuracy and confidence in answering clinical questions and positively impacts upon care delivery and patient outcomes. It also enables nurses to use the best available data or information when it is most use full rather than during documentation. This study was guided by the theory creating conditions for work effectiveness by ensuring employees have access to information, support and resources to get the work done and continuous opportunities for employee development. Anne Marie Kotzer (2008)

Physics-based compact model of HEMTs for circuit simulation

This thesis targets the modeling of III-V HEMTs devices. A physics-based compact modeling of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for circuit simulation is presented. A complete modeling of drain current, gate charge and gate capacitances is developed. The core drain current and gate charge models are derived using a simple charge control model developed from the solutions of Poisson's equation and Schrödinger’s equation solved for the active operating area of the device. The models are simple continuous and applicable for the whole operating regime of the device. A separate model is also presented for the current collapse effect, which is a serious issue in AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The current collapse model is developed using the core current model as a framework which resulted in a robust large signal model that can be used with and without the presence of current collapse. In addition, nonlinearity analysis and modeling of commercial AlGaAs/GaAs pHEMTs using the Volterra series is also presented.Esta tesis trata el modelado de dispositivos III-V HEMTs. Se presenta un modelo compacto, de base física, de AlGaN/GaN HEMTs para la simulación de circuitos. Se desarrolla un modelo completo de la corriente de drenador, y de cargas y capacitancias de puerta. El modelo básico de corriente de drenador y cargas de puerta se obtiene usando un modelo simple de control de carga desarrollado a partir de las soluciones de la ecuación de Poisson y Schrödinger para el área activa de operación del dispositivo. Se presenta también un modelo separado del colapso de la corriente, que es un efecto importante en AlGaN/GaN HEMT. El modelo de colapso de corriente de desarrolla empleando el modelo básico de corriente como marco, lo cual resulta en un modelo robusto de gran señal que puede ser utilizado con y sin la presencia del colapso de corriente. Además, se presenta un análisis de no linealidades y modelado de AlGaAs/GaAs pHEMT utilizando las series de Volterra.Aquesta tesi adreça el modelatge de dispositius HEMTs. Es presenta un model compacte, de base física, d’ AlGaN/GaN HEMTs per a la simulación de circuits. Es desenvolupa un model complet del corrent de drenador, i de les càrregues i capacitàncies de porta. El model bàsic de corrent de drenador i càrregues de porta s’obté usant un model simple de control de càrrega desenvolupat a partir de les solucions de les equacions de Poisson i Schrödinger per a l’àrea activa d’operació del dispositiu. Es presenta també un model separat del col•lapse del corrent, que és un efecte important en els AlGaN/GaN HEMT. El model de col•lapse del corrent es desenvolupa emprant el model bàsic de model com a marc, la qual cosa resulta en un model robust de gran senyal que pot ser utilitzat amb i sense la presència del col•lapse del corrent. A més, es presenta una anàlisi de no linearitats i modelatge de AlGaAs/GaAs pHEMT utilitzant les sèries de Volterra