G-Matrix Equation in the Resonating-Group Method

The G-matrix equation is most straightforwardly formulated in the resonating-group method if the quark-exchange kernel is directly used as the driving term for the infinite sum of all the ladder diagrams. The inherent energy-dependence involved in the exchange term of the normalization kernel plays the essential role to define the off-shell T-matrix uniquely when the complete Pauli-forbidden state exists. We analyze this using a simple solvable model with no quark-quark interaction, and calculating the most general T-matrix in the formulation developed by Noyes and Kowalski. This formulation gives a certain condition for the existence of the solution in the Lippmann-Schwinger resonating-group method. A new procedure to deal with the corrections for the reduced masses and the internal-energy terms in the Lambda N - Sigma N coupled-channel resonating-group equation is proposed.Comment: 21 pages 0 figures, submitted to Prog. Theor. Phy

Submarine lava flow emplacement and faulting in the axial valley of two morphologically distinct spreading segments of the Mariana back-arc basin from Wadatsumi side-scan sonar images

International audienceHigh-resolution, deep-tow side-scan sonar data were collected over two distinct spreading segments in the central part of the Mariana back-arc basin. These data allow mapping of small fissures and faults and the distinguishing of hummocky from smooth lava flows. Using these data, we observe spatial variations in seafloor deformation and volcanic activity within each segment, and also significant differences in the degree of tectonic deformation between the two segments. One segment, characterized by an hourglass shape suggestive of magmatic processes dominating over tectonic processes, is in fact currently dominated by intense deformation rather than volcanism. The other segment, which exhibits morphology (wide and deep linear axial valley) typical of magma-starved segments, is subjected to very limited deformation and is covered by mostly unfaulted, recent flows. Each segment also displays along-axis variations in the degree of tectonic deformation and in lava flows freshness. We observe a decrease of lava effusion rate from segment centers toward their ends. We also investigated the apparent asymmetry of the Mariana basin. On the southern segment of the study area, azimuths of tectonic structures are divided into two groups, one segment-parallel and one ∼15° oblique to strike of the segment. These two trends of linear features developed synchronously with volcanic activity. Currently oblique structures seem to be the most active ones. The tectonic structures that are parallel to the overall valley trend are distributed over the entire valley, whereas the oblique structures are only located proximal to the eastern valley wall. They are likely related to changes in the local stress field related to the obliquely trending eastern axial valley wall. Asymmetric character, such as nonuniform spacing and throw of faults, was not observed. These observations suggest that the asymmetry of the basin is not due to asymmetric spreading, but rather to eastward ridge jumps of several kilometers. Such small-amplitude ridge jumps likely occurred frequently during basin development because the asymmetric character of the basin is strongly pronounced and no abandoned rift valley is recognizable within the entire basi

n alpha Resonating-Group Calculation with a Quark-Model G-Matrix NN Interaction

We calculate n alpha phase-shifts and scattering observables in the resonating-group method, using the nuclear-matter G-matrix of an SU_6 quark-model NN interaction. The G-matrix is generated in the recent energy-independent procedure of the quark-model NN interaction with the continuous prescription for intermediate spectra, by assuming an appropriate Fermi momentum k_F=1.2 fm^-1. The n alpha RGM interaction kernels are evaluated with explicit treatments of the nonlocality and momentum dependence of partial-wave G-matrix components. The momentum dependence of the G-matrix components is different for each of the nucleon-exchange and interaction types. Without introducing any artificial parameters except for k_F, the central and spin-orbit components of the n alpha Born kernel are found to have reasonable strengths under the assumption of a rigid translationally invariant shell-model wave function of the alpha-cluster. The characteristic behaviors of three different exchange terms, corresponding to knockout, heavy-particle pickup and nucleon-rearrangement processes, are essentially the same between the case of previous local effective NN forces and the case of nonlocal G-matrix NN interactions.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figure

Ulama Perempuan Dan Dedikasinya Dalam Pendidikan Islam (Telaah Pemikiran Rahmah El-yunusiyah)

Bahasa Indonesia:Istilah ulama biasanya identik dengan laki-laki, namun disini Rahmah El-Yunusiyah bisa disebut dengan ulama karena banyak hal yang melekat pada dirinya bisa merepresentasikan sebagai seorang alim yang mempunyai kapasitas keilmuan yang mumpuni tentang agama, sikap progresifnya untuk memperjuangkan kaumnya hingga pengakuan dari masyarakat luas baik di Indonesia hingga dunia Internasional terhadap kiprahnya dalam pembaharuan pendidikan bagi perempuan. Tulisan ini menelaah pemikiran Rahmah El-Yunusiyah tentang pendidikan perempuan dijamannya melalui penelusuran buku-buku teks sejarah dan berbagai literatur. Penulis berusaha menyajikan gambaran sejarah perjuangan pendidikan bagi perempuan yang telah dilakukan Rahmah El-Yunusiyah sebagai fakta sejarah tentang peran penting perempuan dalam bersosial masyarakat sehingga perlu untuk terus diperjuangkan hingga saat ini. Sebagaimana yang telah dilakukan Rahmah El-Yunusiyah sebagai pembaharu pendidikan bagi perempuan dengan mendirikan sekolah khusus perempuan dari jenjang sekolah dasar hingga perguruan tinggi. Kontribusinya dalam memperjuangkan pendidikan perempuan sangat besar, terlihat sekarang perempuan Indonesia telah dapat secara mudah untuk dapat mengakses pendidikan. Betapa perempuan sebagai tiang negara memiliki andil besar dalam menentukan masa depan bangsa. English:The term ulama is usually identical to men. However, Rahmah El-Yunusiyah is also called as an ulama because several factors attached to her such as representation as an alim with religious knowledge capacity, progressive attitudes for her community development, and the recognition of wider community both in Indonesia and in International regarding her work in woman education reform. This paper examines Rahmah El-Yunusiyah\u27s consideration about female education in the past through historical texts and related literatures. The author attempt to present a historical overview of El-Yunusiyah\u27s struggle for women\u27s education as the historical facts about the important role of women in society. El-Yunusiyah was as a reformer of woman education who set up woman school of the primary level up to the university level. Her great contribution in education is now visible that Indonesian women have easy access to education. This effort shows that women as a pillar of the state has a big responsibility to determine the future of the nation

Modulating effect of the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 on cisplatin in human pancreatic cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chemoresistance is a serious problem in pancreatic cancer, but the mechanism of resistance and strategies against the resistance have not been elucidated. We examined the potential of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor LY294002 to enhance the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin and investigated the mechanism of chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells using a combination therapy of cisplatin and LY294002, both <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cisplatin and LY294002, individually or in combination, were given to AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cell lines. Tumor growth, DNA fragments, and Akt phosphorylation were examined <it>in vitro</it>. To examine the therapeutic effect of cisplatin and LY294002, individually or combination an AsPC-1 tumor xenograft model was prepared for <it>in vivo </it>study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Cisplatin induced growth inhibition and Akt phosphorylation in pancreatic cancer cells. LY294002 also inhibited cell proliferation but without showing Akt phosphorylation. However, the combination therapy markedly increased cleavage of caspase-3 and cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments compared to the results with cisplatin alone. In the <it>in vivo </it>study, blocking the PI3K/Akt cascade with LY294002 increased the efficacy of cisplatin-induced inhibition of tumor growth in nude mice, suppressing half the tumor growth with cisplatin alone. There were no detectable side effects in mice treated with combination therapy.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our studies suggest that the PI3K/Akt pathway plays an important role in cisplatin resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. The augmentation of cisplatin with PI3K/Akt inhibitor may resolve the chemoresistance problem of cisplatin, and this might be a plausible strategy for achieving tolerance for chemotherapeutic agents in pancreatic cancer therapy.</p

Simple surrogate index of the fibrosis stage in chronic hepatitis C patients using platelet count and serum albumin level.

This study was conducted to develop a simple surrogate index comprised of routinely available laboratory tests to reflect the histological fibrosis stage. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data from 368 and 249 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C, a training cohort and a validation cohort, respectively, were retrospectively evaluated. Platelet (Plt) count and albumin (Alb) level contributed to the discrimination of the respective fibrosis stages. We derived the fi brosis index (FI), FI = 8.0-0.01 x Plt (10 multiply 3/microliter) - Alb (g/dl), from a multiple regression model. FI significantly correlated with the histological fibrosis stage in both the initial and validation cohort at p=0.691 and p=0.661, respectively (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, p&#60;0.0001). The sensitivity and positive predictive value of FI at a cutoff value &#60; 2.10 for predicting fibrosis stage F0-1 were 66.8% and 78.8% in the initial cohort and 68.5% and 63.6% in the validation cohort, respectively. Corresponding values of FI at a cutoff value &#62;- 3.30 for the prediction of F4 were 67.7% and 75.0% in the initial cohort and 70.8% and 81.0% in the validation cohort. The fibrosis index comprised of platelet count and albumin level reflected the histological fibrosis stage in patients with chronic hepatitis C.</p

Intermolecular-medium and intramolecular-weak hydrogen bonding chains in the crystals of chiral trifluoromethylated amino alcohols

A structural feature of hydrogen bonding chains found in the crystals of trifluoromethylated amino alcohols is reported. Hydrogen bondings of 3-(N,N-dialkylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanols construct chiral spiral hydrogen bonding chains. Lone pairs on the nitrogen atoms of the amino alcohols participate in two hydrogen bondings. Detailed structural analysis of the hydrogen bonds of the 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanol suggested that the chain built up with alternating intermolecular medium and intramolecular weak hydrogen bonds. The medium intermolecular hydrogen bond, which transfers a proton from the hydroxy group to the amino nitrogen, would make a tentative zwitterionic form of the molecule. Then, electrostatic attraction between the charges in the zwitterion centers induced a weak intramolecular hydrogen bond.</p

タグクラスタ多様化による未知性を考慮した推薦手法の提案

近年推薦システムの研究において，その有用性は予測精度（適合率，再現率）の高さとされていたが，既存の推薦方法では，ユーザは予測精度の高さだけでは満足しないということが報告されている．したがって，今後の推薦システムの課題として，未知性や意外性といった予測精度以外の新たな観点が重要とされている．こうした課題を踏まえ，本論文では推薦リストの未知性という観点に着目し，ユーザの嗜好に合致するが，まだ知らないコンテンツの発見を促す推薦手法を提案する．多面的に付与されたタグの話題単位で推薦リストを多様化することにより，予測精度を維持しつつ，未知性を向上させる．評価実験の結果，推薦リストの約6割に嗜好に合致し，かつ知らないコンテンツが含まれ，未知性の高い推薦が実現できていることを確認した．The traditional recommendation approaches are evaluated based on accuracy, i.e., precision and recall. However, by this approaches, it has been reported that a user is not satisfied only with the accuracy. Therefore, this paper focuses on novelty in order to recommend interesting and unknown items. By diversifying recommended list on topics of tag clusters, our approach improves not only accuracy but also novelty. According to our experimental results, there are about 60% interesting and unknown are recommended