Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions for the System of Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations with Nonlocal and Integral Boundary Conditions

In the present study, the nonlocal and integral boundary value problems for the system of nonlinear fractional differential equations involving the Caputo fractional derivative are investigated. Theorems on existence and uniqueness of a solution are established under some sufficient conditions on nonlinear terms. A simple example of application of the main result of this paper is presented

The role of non-governmental organizations in providing curative health services in North Darfur State, Sudan

Background: Conflict in North Darfur state, Western Sudan started in 2003, and the delivering of curative health services was becoming a greater challenge for the country\u2019s limited resources. NGOs have played an important role in providing curative health services. Objectives: To examine the role that Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have played in providing curative health services, as well as to identify the difficulties and challenges that affect NGOs in delivering curative health services. Methods: Secondary data was collected from different sources, including government offices and medical organizations in Sudan and in North Darfur state. Primary data was obtained through interviews with government and NGOs representatives. The interviews were conducted with (1) expatriates working for international NGOs (N=15) (2) health professionals and administrators working in health sector (N= 45) in the period from November 2010 to January 2011. Results: The government in North Darfur state spent 70% of its financial budget on security, while it spent it less than 1% on providing health services. The international NGOs have been providing 70% of curative health services to the State\u2019s population by contributing 52.9% of the health budget and 1 390 health personnel. Since 2003 NGOs have provided technical assistance to the health staff. As a result, more than fifty nurses have been trained to provide care and treatment, more than twenty-three doctors have been trained in laboratory equipment operation, and approximately six senior doctors and hospital directors have received management training. NGOs have been managing and supporting 89 public health facilities, and established 24 health centres in IDP camps, and 20 health centres across all the districts in North Darfur state. Conclusion: The NGOs have played an important role in providing curative health services and in establishing good health facilities, but a future problem is how the government will run these health facilities after a peaceful settlement has been reached which might cause NGOs to leave the region

Removal of methylene blue contaminant by natural and modified low cost agricultural by-product

The study identified an environmentally sustainable agricultural by-product, pine cone and pine leaves, as an effective adsorbent in the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. Batch studies were made under various operating conditions of pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, salt concentration, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The kinetics and mechanism of the dye adsorption were obtained. Successful column studies were conducted with pine cone to simulate actual water treatment systems

Optimal control problems for impulsive systems with integral boundary conditions

In this article, the optimal control problem is considered when the state of the system is described by the impulsive differential equations with integral boundary conditions. Applying the Banach contraction principle the existence and uniqueness of the solution is proved for the corresponding boundary problem by the fixed admissible control. The first and second variation of the functional is calculated. Various necessary conditions of optimality of the first and second order are obtained by the help of the variation of the controls

PHOTOCURRENT SPECTRA AND CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLID SOLUTIONS Tl(InS2)(1-X) (FeSe2)(X) NEAR THE PHASE TRANSITIONS

WOS: 000508420400025It is found that in Tl (InS2)(1-x) (FeSe2)(x) crystals and it is characteristic sequence of phase transitions, for TlInS2, manifested in the form of anomalies in the temperature dependences of delta = f (T) and epsilon = f (T). It is shown that as the values of x laver, the phase transition temperatures decrease, and the temperature range for the existence of an incommensurate phase a bit increases. Information has been was obtained on the temperature dependence of delta (T), the width of the forbidden band from the spectral distribution of intrinsic photoconductivity, and the magnitude of maximum spectral photo sensitivity sigma(max)(c)/sigma(T) for the samples studied

Existence and uniqueness of solutions for first-order nonlinear differential equations with two-point and integral boundary conditions

In this article, we study the existence of solutions to boundary-value problems for ordinary differential equations with two-point and integral boundary conditions. Existence and uniqueness results are obtained by using well known fixed point theorems. Some illustrative examples are also discussed

Antitumor Activity of Nitazoxanide against Colon Cancers: Molecular Docking and Experimental Studies Based on Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Inhibition

In colon cancer, wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling is frequently upregulated; however, the creation of a molecular therapeutic agent targeting this pathway is still under investigation. This research aimed to study how nitazoxanide can affect Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colon cancer cells (HCT-116) and a mouse colon cancer model. Our study included 2 experiments; the first was to test the cytotoxic activity of nitazoxanide in an in vitro study on a colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) versus normal colon cells (FHC) and to highlight the proapoptotic effect by MTT assay, flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The second experiment tested the in vivo cytotoxic effect of nitazoxanide against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) prompted cancer in mice. Mice were grouped as saline, DMH control and DMH + nitazoxanide [100 or 200 mg per kg]. Colon levels of Wnt and β-catenin proteins were assessed by Western blotting while proliferation was measured via immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Treating HCT-116 cells with nitazoxanide (inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) = 11.07 µM) revealed that it has a more cytotoxic effect when compared to 5-flurouracil (IC50 = 11.36 µM). Moreover, it showed relatively high IC50 value (non-cytotoxic) against the normal colon cells. Nitazoxanide induced apoptosis by 15.86-fold compared to control and arrested the cell cycle. Furthermore, nitazoxanide upregulated proapoptotic proteins (P53 and BAX) and caspases but downregulated BCL-2. Nitazoxanide downregulated Wnt/β-catenin/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling and PCNA staining in the current mouse model. Hence, our findings highlighted the cytotoxic effect of nitazoxanide and pointed out the effect on Wnt/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling

Adsorption performance of continuous fixed bed column for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye using Eucalyptus sheathiana bark biomass

In this study, the adsorptive effectiveness of sustainable and cost-effective eucalyptus bark biomass in the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from its aqueous solution has been tested using a packed bed up-flow column experiment. A series of column experiments using raw eucalyptus bark was performed to determine the breakthrough curves with varying inlet MB dye flow rate (10–15 mL min−1), initial MB dye concentration (50–100 mg L−1) and adsorbent bed height (10–15 cm). High bed height, low flow rate and high initial dye concentration were found to be the better conditions for maximum dye adsorption. To predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column dynamics for industrial applications and for process design, Thomas model, Yoon–Nelson model and bed depth service time model were applied to experimental breakthrough data. All models were found suitable for describing the dynamic behaviour of the column, with respect to MB flow rate, initial dye concentration and adsorbent bed height. The findings revealed that eucalyptus bark biomass has a high adsorption potential for the removal of MB dye from aqueous solutions in a column system, and that it could be used to treat dye-containing effluents