Detailed Concept of Network Security

Computer world security management is essential resource for all the latest news, analysis, case studies and reviews on authentication, business continuity and disaster recovery, data control, security infrastructure, intellectual property, privacy standards, law, threats cyber crime and hacking and identity fraud and theft. This section covers secrecy, reliable storage and encryption. security, protecting data from unauthorized access, protecting data from damage and ROM either an external or an internal source, and a disgruntled employee could easily do much harm

P2P Computing Concepts and Their Discussions

Peer-to-peer is a technology concept applied at different levels of the systems architecture. Its main characteristics are direct interaction and data exchange between peer systems. It is the basis for decentralized distributed computing. The concept is widely deployed in different contexts and no formal definition exists. This paper gives an overview of the different areas peer-to-peer technology is used and introduces the main characteristics of peer-to-peer systems. It also discusses the issues and problems encountered when deploying peer-to-peer technology

Development by Using the Test Driven Approach

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a software development technique consisting of short iterations where new test cases covering the desired improvement or new functionality are written first, then the production code necessary to pass the tests is implemented, and finally the software is refactored to accommodate changes. Test-Driven Development is related to the test-first programming concepts of Extreme Programming, begun in the late 20th century, but more recently is creating more general interest in its own right. In this paper, I am describing the test driven development cycle, development style ,benefits, limitations and how to do testing in different languages

RescueAlert-an accident detection and rescue mechanism

With the increase of vehicles and cars of different kind and the large movement that occurs every day on the roads it was natural to observe an increase in traffic accidents, but the real dilemma lies in how to make the rescue process efficient. The problem that we want to solve is the response of ambulances towards accidents and the lengthy registration process of patients in hospitals. In the above two scenarios, the manual process of calling the ambulance leads to delay in rescue of patients from an accident and the delay in registration of patient leads to delay in medication or treatment of the patient. We want to make the process more efficient by automating accident detection for increasing the efficiency of the ambulance rescue process and by sending the details of the patient before the patient reaches the hospitals for faster treatment of patients. Along with this, alert messages will be sent to the family or friends of the patients to notify them as soon as an accident is detected

Bilateral post-traumatic forearm and hand compartment syndrome: a case report and review of literature

Acute compartment syndrome is a condition in which interstitial tissue pressure within a closed osteo-fascial compartment is elevated to a nonphysiologic level causing decrease in tissue perfusion, which if left elevated for sufficient time, can lead to tissue necrosis and devastating loss of function. It poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for treating surgeons. We present a case of acute post-traumatic bilateral forearm and hand compartment syndrome in a 12 year old boy associated with fracture of distal ulna and metacarpals. Patient regained excellent function with emergent fasciotomy of volar forearm and hand followed by wound management with vacuum-assisted wound closure system (VAC), delayed primary closure and split-thickness skin graft (SSG). Early diagnosis and emergent fasciotomy are crucial to avoid debilitating complications

The story of demand and supply of resources

The control over resources like money, commodity and information can lead to a drastic socio-economic inequality and mindless consumerism has led to climate change. Our project is a systematic exploration of the most basic physiological need of food and highly influential control means called markets. As the market system has alienated the producer from the consumer and vice versa, it has bred apathy in our society and when a call for collective action is raised it becomes an echo chamber and is almost impossible to come to any conclusive actions. Our project is an attempt to fight and end problems like socio-economic inequality and climate change catastrophe through better usage, awareness and control of resources which cater to the material needs of the human beings and help build the community, through economic, social and ecological consciousness. Systems thinking helped provide us with a perspective of a much larger scale and intricacies of interconnectedness between the different elements in the said system and the problems identified from this point of view seem to be at the very core of the wicked problem at hand. We approached to intervene in the system to either overthrow it or change it or subvert it

The Story of Demand and Supply of Resources

Description Farm Food Produce The control over resources like money, commodity and information can lead to a drastic socio-economic inequality and mindless consumerism has led to climate change. Our project is a systemic exploration of the most basic physiological need for food and highly influential control means called markets. As the market system has alienated the producer from the consumer and vice versa, it has bred apathy in our society and when a call for collective action is raised it becomes an echo chamber and is almost impossible to come to any conclusive actions. Our project is an attempt to fight and end problems like socio-economic inequality and climate change catastrophe through better usage, awareness and control of resources which cater to the material needs of the human beings and help build the community, through economic, social and ecological consciousness. Systems thinking helped provide us with a perspective of a much larger scale and intricacies of interconnectedness between the different elements in the said system and the problems identified from this point of view seem to be at the very core of the wicked problem at hand. We approached to intervene in the system to either overthrow it or change it or subvert it. Reading the map The gigamap can be accessed from ReManthan: Gigamap and is divided into five parts: Introduction – Setting the basic premise for the project. A resource point of view – Here we have deconstructed resources into its 3 main aspects, i.e., usage (what and why use it?), control (who and how do they control?) and the problems that usage and control have brought upon (climate change and socio-economic inequality). Focus area: Farm food market system – Since the realm of resources is massive we had to focus on something workable and we chose to work on the most basic physiological need (food) of human beings and chose to study the most important means of control (market) in the modern globalised world while keeping the problems associated to resources in mind. Contextual system mapping – Essentially took the learnings from the previous section and contextualised it to the state of affairs of India. Interventions – Three major ways we intervened the existing system to solve it was to – overthrow, change or subvert and each of which is explained in the map along with the proposed solutions

Dual Wavelength based Approach with Partial Least Square Regression for the Prediction of Glucose Concentration

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. Monitoring of blood glucose levels at regular intervals plays a crucial role in the management of diabetes. The non-invasive real-time monitoring of glucose using near-infrared (NIR), Raman, acoustic and bio-impedance techniques have an edge over available invasive techniques but suffers from low Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) and other interferences. In the present work, we have attempted to improve S/N for the efficient detection of feeble signals corresponding to the physiological glucose concentrations. Investigations were carried out in the NIR region particularly from 800-1400 nm for the identification of the unique absorption features of glucose using UV-Vis NIR spectrophotometer with different ranges of glucose concentrations including 5 g/dl- 45 g/dl, 1400 mg/dl -2500 mg/dl, 35 mg/dl-650 mg/dl . Savitzky Golay (SG) pre-processing filter was applied on the raw data for enhancing the S/N for better prediction of glucose concentrations. The absorption spectra of glucose revealed the presence of a peak at 960 nm. Therefore, considering the absorbance at 960 nm, provided an enhancement in the S/N ratio from 17 dB to 27 dB. Further, partial least square regression (PLSR), has been applied on SG filtered data for a better prediction of glucose concentration with a correlation coefficient ( R2) value of 0.99 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSE) of 2.29 mg/dl. Further, based on the NIR spectral data, we have developed a measurement technique using two LED sources of 950 nm and 860 nm, and a wide detector (700 - 1100 nm) which converts obtained optical signal into voltage. It has been observed that by considering dual wavelength detection points the prediction of glucose concentration is improved. Furthermore, with increase in the test glucose concentrations, the voltage signal decreased corresponding to the 950 nm LED. This is attributed to reduced signal intensities reaching the photodiode as a result of the increase in glucose absorption. Incorporating dual wavelengths for PLSR reduced the RMSE from 8.98 mg/dl to 6.49 mg/dl and also improved the R2 value from 0.97 to 0.99

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Forouzanfar MH, Afshin A, Alexander LT, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. LANCET. 2016;388(10053):1659-1724.Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57.8% (95% CI 56.6-58.8) of global deaths and 41.2% (39.8-42.8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211.8 million [192.7 million to 231.1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148.6 million [134.2 million to 163.1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143.1 million [125.1 million to 163.5 million]), high BMI (120.1 million [83.8 million to 158.4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113.3 million [103.9 million to 123.4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103.1 million [90.8 million to 115.1 million]), high total cholesterol (88.7 million [74.6 million to 105.7 million]), household air pollution (85.6 million [66.7 million to 106.1 million]), alcohol use (85.0 million [77.2 million to 93.0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83.0 million [49.3 million to 127.5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Indian Judiciary on Domestic Violence: Decoding Recent Trend

The stark malignancy of domestic violence which is also referred as intimate partner violence on the state of women hood can be determined by the prevalence of it in the present society. It bears to push women to the brink and fringes of deemed societal ladders.  The brunt of domestic violence lead to exploitation of women be it in the form of physical or be it mental and occurs chiefly in their matrimonial homes. The detrimental effect of this abuse and exploitation regrettably imprints itself not only on the suffering females but to the entire family including children which in turn causes monetary, health and societal issue and concerns.  What separates domestic violence from other crimes and abuses is that in Domestic violence there is familial interrelatedness and hence the victim is a known of the complainant. In contrast to the modern trends of raising the bar of rights for women the domestic violence is considered as a major road block and its waning as precursor for the society to bring female rights at par. However, on the other spectrum an alarming fact has been observed by the judiciary about the registration of sham cases against the husband or his family members or both for the purposes of harassment or extorting money. To carry off the said object the complaints are registered by overstating the facts, by addition of conjectures, overplaying the financial conditions of the husband or his family and misrepresenting relevant facts and materials. The supreme court opined in Rajesh Sharma v. State of U.P. that the bulk of the cases are filed impetuously and over trifling matters.   To comprehend the say of Indian judiciary on instances of false domestic violence and sham complaints registered by the complainant, secondary data-based research is conducted. Landmark Judgement from the apex court and different High Courts are also analyzed. Endeavor has been made to appreciate the liabilities and legal rights of both the parties in the cases of intimate partner violence which is perpetrated towards one another