Atmospheric mixing ratios of methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) in tropical, boreal, temperate and marine environments

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) enters the atmosphere following direct emission from vegetation and anthropogenic activities, as well as being produced by the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as n-butane. This study presents the first overview of ambient MEK measurements at six different locations, characteristic of forested, urban and marine environments. In order to understand better the occurrence and behaviour of MEK in the atmosphere, we analyse diel cycles of MEK mixing ratios, vertical profiles, ecosystem flux data, and HYSPLIT back trajectories, and compare with co-measured VOCs. MEK measurements were primarily conducted with proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) instruments. Results from the sites under biogenic influence demonstrate that vegetation is an important source of MEK. The diel cycle of MEK follows that of ambient temperature and the forest structure plays an important role in air mixing. At such sites a high correlation of MEK with acetone was observed (e.g. r2 = 0.96 for the SMEAR-Estonia site in a remote hemi-boreal forest in Tartumaa, Estonia, and r2 = 0.89 at the ATTO pristine tropical rainforest site in central Amazonia). Under polluted conditions, we observed strongly enhanced MEK mixing ratios. Overall, the MEK mixing ratios and flux data presented here indicate that both biogenic and anthropogenic sources contribute to its occurrence in the global atmosphere

Nuestro Campus También es Patrimonio Cultural I

Proyecto de innovación docente vinculado a materias relacionadas con la gestión del Patrimonio Cultural. Este proyecto se desarrolla sobre un escenario práctico donde aprender los temas objeto de estudio: la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid. Persigue establecer nuevos lazos de sociabilidad entre la comunidad universitaria y los bienes culturales. Está basado en metodologías de investigación acción participativa. Así mismo persigue dar a conocer el campus y plantear nuevas actuaciones que mejoren dicho espacio público

High temperature sensitivity of monoterpene emissions from global vegetation

AbstractTerrestrial vegetation emits vast amounts of monoterpenes into the atmosphere, influencing ecological interactions and atmospheric chemistry. Global emissions are simulated as a function of temperature with a fixed exponential relationship (β coefficient) across forest ecosystems and environmental conditions. We applied meta-analysis algorithms on 40 years of published monoterpene emission data and show that relationship between emissions and temperature is more sensitive and intricate than previously thought. Considering the entire dataset, a higher temperature sensitivity (β = 0.13 ± 0.01 °C−1) is derived but with a linear increase with the reported coefficients of determination (R2), indicating that co-occurring environmental factors modify the temperature sensitivity of the emissions that is primarily related to the specific plant functional type (PFT). Implementing a PFT-dependent β in a biogenic emission model, coupled with a chemistry – climate model, demonstrated that atmospheric processes are exceptionally dependent on monoterpene emissions which are subject to amplified variations under rising temperatures.</jats:p

Strong sesquiterpene emissions from Amazonian soils

The Amazon rainforest is the world’s largest source of reactive volatile isoprenoids to the atmosphere. It is generally assumed that these emissions are products of photosynthetically driven secondary metabolism and released from the rainforest canopy from where they influence the oxidative capacity through reaction with hydroxyl radicals (OH) and ozone (O3). However, recent volatile organic compound (VOC) budgeting experiments (based on OH reactivity) show that further important sources remain to be discovered. Here we show that soil microorganisms are a strong, unaccounted source of highly reactive and previously unreported sesquiterpenes (C15H24; SQT). The emission rate and chemical speciation of soil SQTs were determined as a function of soil moisture, oxygen, and rRNA transcript abundance in the laboratory. Based on these results a model was developed to predict soil-atmosphere SQT fluxes. Simulated results compared closely with SQT flux measurements in the field, so a two-year period (2014-2015) was modelled based on in-situ rainfall and soil moisture measurements. It was found SQT emissions from a Terra Firme soil in the dry season were in comparable magnitude to current global model canopy emissions and dominated O3 reactivity on the forest floor, establishing an important ecological connection between soil microbes and atmospherically relevant SQTs

High temperature sensitivity of monoterpene emissions from global vegetation

Terrestrial vegetation emits vast amounts of monoterpenes into the atmosphere, influencing ecological interactions and atmospheric chemistry. Global emissions are simulated as a function of temperature with a fixed exponential relationship (β coefficient) across forest ecosystems and environmental conditions. We applied meta-analysis algorithms on 40 years of published monoterpene emission data and show that relationship between emissions and temperature is more sensitive and intricate than previously thought. Considering the entire dataset, a higher temperature sensitivity (β = 0.13 ± 0.01 °C−1 ) is derived but with a linear increase with the reported coefficients of determination (R2), indicating that co-occurring environmental factors modify the temperature sensitivity of the emissions that is primarily related to the specific plant functional type (PFT). Implementing a PFT-dependent β in a biogenic emission model, coupled with a chemistry - climate model, demonstrated that atmospheric processes are exceptionally dependent on monoterpene emissions which are subject to amplified variations under rising temperatures

High temperature sensitivity of monoterpene emissions from global vegetation

International audienceTerrestrial vegetation emits vast amounts of monoterpenes into the atmosphere, influencing ecological interactions and atmospheric chemistry. Global emissions are simulated as a function of temperature with a fixed exponential relationship (β coefficient) across forest ecosystems and environmental conditions. We applied meta-analysis algorithms on 40 years of published monoterpene emission data and show that relationship between emissions and temperature is more sensitive and intricate than previously thought. Considering the entire dataset, a higher temperature sensitivity (β = 0.13 ± 0.01 °C-1) is derived but with a linear increase with the reported coefficients of determination (R 2), indicating that co-occurring environmental factors modify the temperature sensitivity of the emissions that is primarily related to the specific plant functional type (PFT). Implementing a PFT-dependent β in a biogenic emission model, coupled with a chemistryclimate model, demonstrated that atmospheric processes are exceptionally dependent on monoterpene emissions which are subject to amplified variations under rising temperatures

Cultural heritage in Europe: a bet about the socioeconomic change from management our past

Aprovechando una política pública de la Unión Europea, la del "Año Europeo del Patrimonio Cultural", consideramos varias líneas de innovación socio educativa para la gestión transdisciplinar de los bienes culturales: emprendimiento, inclusión,APs,etc. El proyecto formará en el Patrimonio Cultural existente en la Unión Europea desde su gestión. Supuso actividades como: 1. conocer los bienes culturales desde la visión crítica de los procesos de patrimonialización hasta la catalogación e inventario. 2 planificar su financiación, legislación o la ordenación urbanística y territorial. 3. controlar las acciones ilícitas que pueden deteriorarlos, así como la venta o la transmisión de estos bienes. 4. plantear su socialización desde la interpretación y la difusión en ámbitos formales e informales, desde estrategias de turismo, tecnológicas o de redes sociales, así como realizar procesos participativos, de implicación de la sociedad civil y organizaciones interesadas en la toma de decisiones sobre su tratamiento. 5. Ser capaces de evaluar a corto, largo y medio plazo y desde múltiples perspectivas, incluida la del impacto socioeconómico.Depto. de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y ArqueologíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEUniversidad Complutense de Madridsubmitte

The impact of COVID-19 on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States and Latin America.

In the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults from vulnerable ethnoracial groups are at high risk of infection, hospitalization, and death. We aimed to explore the pandemic's impact on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States (US), Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. 1,608 (646 White, 852 Latino, 77 Black, 33 Asian; 72% female) individuals from the US and four Latin American countries aged ≥ 55 years completed an online survey regarding well-being and cognition during the pandemic between May and September 2020. Outcome variables (pandemic impact, discrimination, loneliness, purpose of life, subjective cognitive concerns) were compared across four US ethnoracial groups and older adults living in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. Mean age for all participants was 66.7 ( = 7.7) years and mean education was 15.4 ( = 2.7) years. Compared to Whites, Latinos living in the US reported greater economic impact ( < .001,  = .031); while Blacks reported experiencing discrimination more often ( < .001,  = .050). Blacks and Latinos reported more positive coping ( < .001,  = 040). Compared to Latinos living in the US, Latinos in Chile, Mexico, and Peru reported greater pandemic impact, Latinos in Mexico and Peru reported more positive coping, Latinos in Argentina, Mexico, and Peru had greater economic impact, and Latinos in Argentina, Chile, and Peru reported less discrimination. The COVID-19 pandemic has differentially impacted the well-being of older ethnically diverse individuals in the US and Latin America. Future studies should examine how mediators like income and coping skills modify the pandemic's impact. Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Psychiatry

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis.

The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327  There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in th