Novel Synthesis of 3-(Phenyl) (Ethylamino) Methyl)-4-Hydroxy-2H-Chromen-2-one Derivatives Using Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles and their Applications

Received: 29.11.2021. Revised: 15.01.2022. Accepted: 15.01.2022. Available online: 21.01.2022.The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests regarding the publication of this work.The present work describes the novel synthesis of 3, 3-((phenyl) (ethylamino) methyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives catalyzed by biogenic ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized heterocyclic compounds were characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometric techniques. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties and various toxicities (ADMET) studies and in silico molecular docking studies were carried out for the synthesized compounds. The synthesized compounds were screened for their efficacy towards the antioxidant activity and were subjected to corrosion inhibition study towards the mild steel in acidic medium by weight loss method. Additionally, the recyclability of the employed catalyst was studied.The authors are thankful to the Chairman, Department of Chemistry, Kuvempu University Shankaraghatta for providing the laboratory facilities and to the University of Mysore and Saif Karnatak University, Dharwad for provid-ing spectra. One of the authors, Anjan Kumar G C thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India, for providing a Junior Research fellow-ship [09/908(0010)/2019-EMR-I]

The key DNA-binding residues in the C-terminal domain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase A subunit (GyrA)

As only the type II topoisomerase is capable of introducing negative supercoiling, DNA gyrase is involved in crucial cellular processes. Although the other domains of DNA gyrase are better understood, the mechanism of DNA binding by the C-terminal domain of the DNA gyrase A subunit (GyrA-CTD) is less clear. Here, we investigated the DNA-binding sites in the GyrA-CTD of Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase through site-directed mutagenesis. The results show that Y577, R691 and R745 are among the key DNA-binding residues in M.tuberculosis GyrA-CTD, and that the third blade of the GyrA-CTD is the main DNA-binding region in M.tuberculosis DNA gyrase. The substitutions of Y577A, D669A, R691A, R745A and G729W led to the loss of supercoiling and relaxation activities, although they had a little effect on the drug-dependent DNA cleavage and decatenation activities, and had no effect on the ATPase activity. Taken together, these results showed that the GyrA-CTD is essential to DNA gyrase of M.tuberculosis, and promote the idea that the M.tuberculosis GyrA-CTD is a new potential target for drug design. It is the first time that the DNA-binding sites in GyrA-CTD have been identified

Comparison of Conventional Pap Smears versus Liquid Based Cytology for Clinicopathological Patterns of Cervical Lesions at a Tertiary Care Centre, Bangalore, India

Introduction: Conventional Pap Smear (CPS) technique has been the mainstay for early detection of cervical cancer. However, its extensive use has not been possible due to the limitations, like presence of obscuring blood and inflammation, reducing its sensitivity markedly. False negativity of CPS is also very high, so Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) was introduced. Aim: To compare cytomorphological patterns, diagnostic utility and adequacy of smears of cervical lesions on CPS and LBC. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study, conducted in the Department of Pathology of Dr. B R Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore for 19 months during November 2018 to May 2020 on 250 cases. The samples were taken with cervix-brush. First, a CPS was prepared and was immediately alcohol-fixed. After that the same brush head was rinsed in LBC vial containing methanol. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0 (SPSS) and R environment 3.2.2 for data analysis. Results: Most of the patients were in the fourth decade of life and 160 cases (64%) presented as white discharge per vaginum. Total 231 (92.4%) smears were satisfactory on CPS and 233 (93.2%) smears on LBC. The number of Low grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSIL) increased from 4 cases (1.6%) in CPS to 6 cases (2.4%) in LBC in this study. Rate of detection of High grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) was more with LBC (11 cases, 4.4%) compared to that of CPS (7 cases, 2.8%). It was seen that in this study, sensitivity and specificity of LBC was higher than CPS in detecting LSIL and HSIL, except for the specificity of CPS, which was more than LBC in detecting LSIL. The present study showed overall sensitivity of 77.1% in CPS and 94.3% in LBC and specificity of 97.2% and 100% in CPS and LBC, respectively. The p-value calculated was <0.001, which was highly significant. Conclusion: The LBC technique showed clear background, well preserved cytomorphological details, removal of extra mucus, blood and inflammatory cell infiltrate as compared to CPS technique. Atypical cells or abnormal cells were seen better and were detected more by LBC as compared to CPS