173 research outputs found
Study of parameters in focus simulation functions of virtual slide
As a special function of Virtual Slide (VS) for thick specimens like cytology slides, multilayer (Z-stack) simulated focus and focus fusion were introduced. From the standpoint of surgical pathologist, the optimum parameters for multilayer focus simulation were examined. First, minimal thickness of the layer was checked by measuring thickness of small cells counting the number of the layers that come into focus. Then the optimal number of layers to scan, total thickness, was tried. Small-sized cell nuclei showed around 2ÎŒm or less thickness. As minimal thickness of one layer for focus simulation, less than 2 ÎŒm is required. Papillary cell mass of urothelial carcinoma, aspiration cytology specimen of breast or thyroid, and uterine cervical smear showed different optimal thickness. Cells piling up more than 4 to 5 layer are difficult to make close up observation. Total 15 (to 30) ÎŒm thick scan was enough for most specimens. The âfocus fusionâ image is single layer image synthesized from multiple layer images. Several layer thicknesses were examined, and there was negligible difference between the focus fusion image synthesized from 0.25 and 1ÎŒm thick layers. In the focus fusion image synthesized from 3ÎŒm thick layers, some cells not to come into focus. The âfocus fusionâ seems to contain all the cells in one plane, and easy for screening. To emphasize the existence of myoepithelial cells in fibroadenoma of breast, or to clarify the 3-dimensional tissue structure, multilayer image was better. From our results, 10 layers with 1.5ÎŒm thick each provide sufficient information in most specimens
Polo-like kinase 1 overexpression is an early event in the progression of papillary carcinoma
Retinoic acid directly stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption and gene expression of cathepsin K/OC-2
Gauss's law and gauge-invariant operators and states in QCD
In this work, we prove a previously published conjecture that a prescription
we gave for constructing states that implement Gauss's law for `pure glue' QCD
is correct. We also construct a unitary transformation that extends this
prescription so that it produces additional states that implement Gauss's law
for QCD with quarks as well as gluons. Furthermore, we use the mathematical
apparatus developed in the course of this work to construct gauge-invariant
spinor (quark) and gauge (gluon) field operators. We adapt this SU(3)
construction for the SU(2) Yang-Mills case, and we consider the dynamical
implications of these developments.Comment: 29 pages, LaTeX, uses REVTe
PD-L1 and PD-1 expression are correlated with distinctive clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma
bFGF promotes adipocyte differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells derived from embryonic stem cells
Phase I/II study of sequential therapy with irinotecan and S-1 for metastatic colorectal cancer
Caveolin-1 overexpression is an early event in the progression of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Caveolin-1 is a major structural component of caveolae, which are plasma membrane microdomains implicated in the regulation of intracellular signalling pathways. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies on the function of caveolin-1 in carcinoma showed controversial results, indicating that the physiological role of caveolin-1 varies according to the origin of carcinoma. In this study, we investigated caveolin-1 expression in thyroid neoplasms by means of immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against caveolin-1. Normal follicular cells did not express caveolin-1. In papillary carcinoma, caveolin-1 expression was observed in high incidence, and especially in microcancer (less than 1.0âcm in diameter), caveolin-1 was positive in all cases except one. In undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma, its incidence was significantly reduced. On the other hand, all cases of follicular carcinoma and adenoma were classified as negative for caveolin-1. These results suggest that caveolin-1 may play a role predominantly in the early phase of papillary carcinoma, whereas it has little influence on follicular tumours
Human platelet lysate as a fetal bovine serum substitute improves human adipose-derived stromal cell culture for future cardiac repair applications
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) are promising candidates for cell therapy, for example to treat myocardial infarction. Commonly, fetal bovine serum (FBS) is used in ASC culturing. However, FBS has several disadvantages. Its effects differ between batches and, when applied clinically, transmission of pathogens and antibody development against FBS are possible. In this study, we investigated whether FBS can be substituted by human platelet lysate (PL) in ASC culture, without affecting functional capacities particularly important for cardiac repair application of ASC. We found that PL-cultured ASC had a significant 3-fold increased proliferation rate and a significantly higher attachment to tissue culture plastic as well as to endothelial cells compared with FBS-cultured ASC. PL-cultured ASC remained a significant 25% smaller than FBS-cultured ASC. Both showed a comparable surface marker profile, with the exception of significantly higher levels of CD73, CD90, and CD166 on PL-cultured ASC. PL-cultured ASC showed a significantly higher migration rate compared with FBS-cultured ASC in a transwell assay. Finally, FBS- and PL-cultured ASC had a similar high capacity to differentiate towards cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, this study showed that culturing ASC is more favorable in PL-supplemented medium compared with FBS-supplemented medium
IgG4-Related Sclerosing Disease, an Emerging Entity: A Review of a Multi-System Disease
Immunoglobulin G4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD) is a recently defined emerging entity characterized by a diffuse or mass forming inflammatory reaction rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells associated with fibrosclerosis and obliterative phlebitis. IgG4-RSD usually affects middle aged and elderly patients, with a male predominance. It is associated with an elevated serum titer of IgG4, which acts as a marker for this recently characterized entity. The prototype is IgG4-related sclerosing pancreatitis or autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Other common sites of involvement are the hepatobiliary tract, salivary gland, orbit, and lymph node, however practically any organ can be involved, including upper aerodigestive tract, lung, aorta, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, soft tissue, skin, central nervous system, breast, kidney, and prostate. Fever or constitutional symptoms usually do not comprise part of the clinical picture. Laboratory findings detected include raised serum globulin, IgG and IgG4. An association with autoantibody detection (such as antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor) is seen in some cases. Steroid therapy comprises the mainstay of treatment. Disease progression with involvement of multiple organ-sites may be encountered in a subset of cases and may follow a relapsing-remitting course. The principal histopathologic findings in several extranodal sites include lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, lymphoid follicle formation, sclerosis and obliterative phlebitis, along with atrophy and destruction of tissues. Immunohistochemical staining shows increased IgG4+ cells in the involved tissues (>50 per high-power field, with IgG4/IgG ratio >40%). IgG4-RSD may potentially be rarely associated with the development of lymphoma and carcinoma. However, the nature and pathogenesis of IgG4-RSD are yet to be fully elucidated and provide immense scope for further studies
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