Questões de gênero feminino: análise multimodal de um anúncio publicitário de cerveja

This paper aims to analyze how the multimodal meanings contribute to the construal of the feminine on the discourse of the ad of Itaipava beer. Firstly, we bring the theoretical discussion on the feminine gender and the inscription of the body as the own woman represented discoursally in the image of the beer ad. Secondly, we show the theoretical-methodological assumptions on the grammar of visual design (GVD) by Kress and van Leeuwen ([1996] 2006) with the purpose of analyzing the image on the ad, by means of representational, interactive and compositional metafunctions. In terms of our methodology on this paper, we analyze the visual meanings linked to an analysis that is discoursively inscript into the feminine body represented in the ad. This way, we comprehend that ad concerns mostly compositional and interactive elements of the image reproducing masculinist discourse in terms of consumption of the feminine body. We realize that the analysis of that representation of the feminine body can lead to an identification of the meanings taken as given from an awareness of our uses of language.O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar de que modo os significados multimodais contribuem na representação do corpo feminino no discurso de um anúncio da cerveja Itaipava. Como pressupostos teóricos que embasam os estudos feministas, trazemos uma abordagem do gênero feminino e do corpo como inscrito na própria figura da mulher representada na imagem do anúncio. Em seguida, evocamos os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Gramática do Design Visual de Kress e van Leeuwen ([1996] 2006) a fim de analisar a imagem do anúncio publicitário a partir das metafunções representacional, interativa e composicional. Do ponto de vista metodológico, fazemos uma análise dos significados visuais inscritos discursivamente no corpo feminino representado no anúncio. Dessa forma, compreendemos que o anúncio em questão remete, principalmente, aos elementos composicionais e interativos da imagem na reprodução do discurso masculinista que instiga uma espécie de objetivação do corpo feminino. Percebemos, assim, que a análise da representação do corpo feminino pode levar ao reconhecimento de significados tidos como tácitos, a partir de uma conscientização do nosso uso da linguagem

A CARNAVALIZAÇÃO E O GROTESCO NA CHARGE POLÍTICA: ANÁLISE DO TEXTO CHARGÍSTICO DE VITOR TEIXEIRA

Este trabalho analisa a imagem carnavalizada/grotesca veiculada na charge política. Utilizamo-nos da teoria bakhtiniana para construir nosso arcabouço teórico (BAKHTIN, 2010, 2013, 2015), em especial, dos conceitos de realismo grotesco e carnavalização para o pensamento bakhtiniano. A charge permite uma reflexão num dado momento, de modo que esse gênero discursivo é importante para a construção dialógica que tenta compreender um dado status quo. Analisamos uma charge do autor Vitor Teixeira, considerada uma voz dita não oficial, que busca compreender nosso momento político por meio da crítica. Assim, a carnavalização na charge reconstrói uma crítica do cenário político brasileiro

A CARNAVALIZAÇÃO E O GROTESCO NA CHARGE POLÍTICA: ANÁLISE DO TEXTO CHARGÍSTICO DE VITOR TEIXEIRA

Este trabalho analisa a imagem carnavalizada/grotesca veiculada na charge política. Utilizamo-nos da teoria bakhtiniana para construir nosso arcabouço teórico (BAKHTIN, 2010, 2013, 2015), em especial, dos conceitos de realismo grotesco e carnavalização para o pensamento bakhtiniano. A charge permite uma reflexão num dado momento, de modo que esse gênero discursivo é importante para a construção dialógica que tenta compreender um dado status quo. Analisamos uma charge do autor Vitor Teixeira, considerada uma voz dita não oficial, que busca compreender nosso momento político por meio da crítica. Assim, a carnavalização na charge reconstrói uma crítica do cenário político brasileiro

Escola sem partido: uma virtude discursiva?

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os significados discursivos veiculados no cartaz do Programa Escola Sem Partido, em que consta os deveres do professor, de modo a não ser condutor de doutrinação ideológica junto aos alunos, e sim de uma postura de neutralidade partidária. Leva-se em consideração as noções de ideologia, hegemonia e poder, trazidas pela Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC) (FAIRCLOUGH, 1989; 2001; 2003; 2012), dialogando com outros autores que podem propiciar um embate crítico sobre linguagem e práxis social, em prol de mudanças sócio-políticas. Discutimos o projeto/programa Escola Sem Partido como um movimento no âmbito das controvérsias contemporâneas no espaço da educação. E a análise dos temas e palavras contidas no cartaz retratam como deve ser a dinâmica dos deveres do professor em sala de aula. Diante dos sentidos limitadores do papel do docente, chegamos ao questionamento sobre a ética e moral discursiva (PAVEAU, 2015) do programa em questão

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030