285 research outputs found
Analysis of stratified and closely spaced jets exhausting into a crossflow
Procedures have been developed for determining the flow field about jets with velocity stratification exhausting into a crossflow. Jets with three different types of exit velocity stratification have been considered: (1) jets with a relatively high velocity core; (2) jets with a relatively low velocity core; and (3) jets originating from a vaned nozzle. The procedure developed for a jet originating from a high velocity core nozzle is to construct an equivalent nozzle having the same mass flow and thrust but having a uniform exit velocity profile. Calculations of the jet centerline and induced surface static pressures have been shown to be in good agreement with test data for a high velocity core nozzle. The equivalent ideal nozzle has also been shown to be a good representation for jets with a relatively low velocity core and for jets originating from a vaned nozzle in evaluating jet-induced flow fields. For the singular case of a low velocity core nozzle, namely a nozzle with a dead air core, and for the vaned nozzle, an alternative procedure has been developed. The internal mixing which takes place in the jet core has been properly accounted for in the equations of motion governing the jet development. Calculations of jet centerlines and induced surface static pressures show good agreement with test data these nozzles
Möglichkeiten des Nachweises der Zuckerung von Wein ĂŒber die Bestimmung von Wasserstoff-IsotopenverhĂ€ltnissen
Es wird ĂŒber einen Versuch berichtet, die Zuckerung von Wein mit RĂŒbenzucker auf der Basis des IsotopenverhĂ€ltnisses des Kohlenstoff-gebundenen Wasserstoffs nachzuweisen. Da der an Sauerstoff gebundene Wasserstoff austauscht, werden die SalpetersĂ€ureester der Zucker hergestellt. Die auf diese Weise erhaltenen Derivate dienen gleichzeitig zur Isolierung der Zucker aus Wein, Most und RĂŒbensaft. Ihre Verbrennung und Umarbeitung zu H2 fĂŒr die massenspektrometrische Isotopenanalyse wird beschrieben.Der mittlere ÎŽD-Wert des nicht-austauschbaren Wasserstoffs von 47 Proben RĂŒbenzucker lag bei -119 ± 5 â°, der von (Rest-)Zucker aus 33 Proben von ungezukkertem Most oder Wein bei -70 ±3 bzw. -67 ±6 %0; hiervon stark abweichende Werte bei ungezuckertem Most lassen sich möglicherweise auf den ÎŽD-Wert des Mostwassers zurĂŒckfĂŒhren. Nachweislich hat die alkoholische GĂ€rung praktisch keinen EinfluĂ auf den ÎŽD-Wert des Restzuckers.Bei gezuckerten Weinen und Mosten wurde der ÎŽD-Wert des Zuckers im erwarteten Bereich zwischen - 80 und -115 Ⱐgefunden. Die Untersuchung von Handelsweinen ergab bei fast allen âQualitĂ€tsweinen" den dort erwarteten Zuckerzusatz, die Resultate bei einigen âSpĂ€tlesen" und âKabinettweinen" legen den Verdacht auf Zuckerung nahe. Nach dem zusĂ€tzlichen Studium noch offener Störfaktoren wird die von uns erarbeitete Methode geeignet sein, eine Zuckerung von Wein in gewissen Bereichen nachzuweisen.A possible method for the detection of added sugar in wine using hydrogen isotope determinationsA method for the detection of beet sugar additions to wine using isotope ratio measurements of the carbon-bound hydrogen atoms of sugars is reported. Because the hydroxyl hydrogen atoms in sugars readily exchange with water, a method for their removal via formation of the nitric acid esters was developed. Additionally the derivatisation served as an isolation step for the extraction of sugar from wine, must and sugar beet juice. The combustion and preparation of the samples through to H2 for the measurement of the isotope ratios by mass spectrometry is also described. For 47 beet sugar samples a mean ΎD value of - 119 ± 5 Ⱐfor the non exchangeable hydrogen atoms was found, whereas for 33 unsugared musts and wines the mean was - 70 ± 3 and -67 ± 6 %0, respectively. In the case of unsugared musts that feil outside this range, ÎŽD measurements of the water fraction could be used to provide additional information. Fermentation was found to have no effect on the ÎŽD value of the residual sugar. As would be expected, when beet sugar was added to wines and musts the ΎD values of the residual sugar was found in the range - 80 to - 115 â°.The examination of a series of commercial "QualitĂ€tswein" samples also showed the expected sugar addition, however possible additions to several "SpĂ€tlese" and "Kabinett" wines were also detected. Additional research into some of the possible sources of error is still needed, nevertheless the present reported method appears to be suitable for the detection of sugar additions to wine in most cases
Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Liladownsia fraile, a new genus and species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) and an updated molecular phylogeny of Melanoplinae
Liladownsia fraile gen. nov. sp. nov. Fontana, Mariño-PĂ©rez, Woller & Song (Lila Downsâ friar grasshopper) of the tribe Dactylotini (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) is described from the pine-oak forest of the Sierra Madre del Sur Mountain Range in Oaxaca, Mexico. Taxonomic placement of this new genus is justified based on morphological characters as well as a molecular phylogeny. Information about the probable host plant, phenology, and known localities is also presented. We also present an updated molecular phylogeny of Melanoplinae, which includes representatives of five of the seven recognized tribes. The monophyly of the subfamily and the included tribes is tested and we find Dactylotini to be paraphyletic because of the placement of Hesperotettix Scudder, 1876. We also recover strong close relationships between the new genus and Perixerus Gerstaecker, 1873 and Dactylotum Charpentier, 184
A Precision Measurement of pp Elastic Scattering Cross Sections at Intermediate Energies
We have measured differential cross sections for \pp elastic scattering with
internal fiber targets in the recirculating beam of the proton synchrotron
COSY. Measurements were made continuously during acceleration for projectile
kinetic energies between 0.23 and 2.59 GeV in the angular range deg. Details of the apparatus and the data analysis are
given and the resulting excitation functions and angular distributions
presented. The precision of each data point is typically better than 4%, and a
relative normalization uncertainty of only 2.5% within an excitation function
has been reached. The impact on phase shift analysis as well as upper bounds on
possible resonant contributions in lower partial waves are discussed.Comment: 23 pages 29 figure
16th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies Task Force Report on Antiphospholipid Syndrome Treatment Trends
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), an acquired autoimmune thrombophilia, is characterised by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in association with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. The 16th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies Task Force on APS Treatment Trends reviewed the current status with regard to existing and novel treatment trends for APS, which is the focus of this Task Force report. The report addresses current treatments and developments since the last report, on the use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with APS, antiplatelet agents, adjunctive therapies (hydroxychloroquine, statins and vitamin D), targeted treatment including rituximab, belimumab, and anti-TNF agents, complement inhibition and drugs based on peptides of beta-2-glycoprotein I. In addition, the report summarises potential new players, including coenzyme Q10, adenosine receptor agonists and adenosine potentiation. In each case, the report provides recommendations for clinicians, based on the current state of the art, and suggests a clinical research agenda. The initiation and development of appropriate clinical studies requires a focus on devising suitable outcome measures, including a disease activity index, an optimal damage index, and a specific quality of life index
Risk models for VTE and bleeding in medical inpatients: systematic identification and expert assessment
Deriving the number of jobs in proximity services from the number of inhabitants in French rural municipalities
We use a minimum requirement approach to derive the number of jobs in
proximity services per inhabitant in French rural municipalities. We first
classify the municipalities according to their time distance to the
municipality where the inhabitants go the most frequently to get services
(called MFM). For each set corresponding to a range of time distance to MFM, we
perform a quantile regression estimating the minimum number of service jobs per
inhabitant, that we interpret as an estimation of the number of proximity jobs
per inhabitant. We observe that the minimum number of service jobs per
inhabitant is smaller in small municipalities. Moreover, for municipalities of
similar sizes, when the distance to the MFM increases, we find that the number
of jobs of proximity services per inhabitant increases.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Limits on additional planetary companions to OGLE-2005-BLG-390L
We investigate constraints on additional planets orbiting the distant M-dwarf
star OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, around which photometric microlensing data has
revealed the existence of the sub-Neptune-mass planet OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb. We
specifically aim to study potential Jovian companions and compare our findings
with predictions from core-accretion and disc-instability models of planet
formation. We also obtain an estimate of the detection probability for
sub-Neptune mass planets similar to OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb using a simplified
simulation of a microlensing experiment. We compute the efficiency of our
photometric data for detecting additional planets around OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, as
a function of the microlensing model parameters and convert it into a function
of the orbital axis and planet mass by means of an adopted model of the Milky
Way. We find that more than 50 % of potential planets with a mass in excess of
1 M_J between 1.1 and 2.3 AU around OGLE-2005-BLG-390L would have revealed
their existence, whereas for gas giants above 3 M_J in orbits between 1.5 and
2.2 AU, the detection efficiency reaches 70 %; however, no such companion was
observed. Our photometric microlensing data therefore do not contradict the
existence of gas giant planets at any separation orbiting OGLE-2005-BLG-390L.
Furthermore we find a detection probability for an OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb-like
planet of around 2-5 %. In agreement with current planet formation theories,
this quantitatively supports the prediction that sub-Neptune mass planets are
common around low-mass stars.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted by A&
RINL, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Rab5-Subfamily, Is Involved in the EphA8-Degradation Pathway with Odin
The Rab family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) plays a vital role in membrane trafficking. Its active GTP-bound state is driven by guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs). Ras and Rab interactor (or Ras interaction/interference)-like (RINL), which contains a conserved VPS9 domain critical for GEF action, was recently identified as a new Rab5 subfamily GEF in vitro. However, its detailed function and interacting molecules have not yet been fully elucidated. Here we found that RINL has GEF activity for the Rab5 subfamily proteins by measuring their GTP-bound forms in cultured cells. We also found that RINL interacts with odin, a member of the ankyrin-repeat and sterile-alpha motif (SAM) domain-containing (Anks) protein family. In addition, the Eph tyrosine kinase receptor EphA8 formed a ternary complex with both RINL and odin. Interestingly, RINL expression in cultured cells reduced EphA8 levels in a manner dependent on both its GEF activity and interaction with odin. In addition, knockdown of RINL increased EphA8 level in HeLa cells. Our findings suggest that RINL, as a GEF for Rab5 subfamily, is implicated in the EphA8-degradation pathway via its interaction with odin
OGLE-2005-BLG-018: Characterization of Full Physical and Orbital Parameters of a Gravitational Binary Lens
We present the analysis result of a gravitational binary-lensing event
OGLE-2005-BLG-018. The light curve of the event is characterized by 2 adjacent
strong features and a single weak feature separated from the strong features.
The light curve exhibits noticeable deviations from the best-fit model based on
standard binary parameters. To explain the deviation, we test models including
various higher-order effects of the motions of the observer, source, and lens.
From this, we find that it is necessary to account for the orbital motion of
the lens in describing the light curve. From modeling of the light curve
considering the parallax effect and Keplerian orbital motion, we are able to
measure not only the physical parameters but also a complete orbital solution
of the lens system. It is found that the event was produced by a binary lens
located in the Galactic bulge with a distance kpc from the Earth.
The individual lens components with masses and are separated with a semi-major axis of AU and
orbiting each other with a period yr. The event demonstrates
that it is possible to extract detailed information about binary lens systems
from well-resolved lensing light curves.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure
- âŠ