A New Model for its Emergence and Expansion

The Western Globular Amphora culture is an integral component of a widespread cultural complex, which occupies larger parts of Central and Eastern Europe at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd millennium BC. The application of multivariate statistics and GIS-based analysis allowed for two results, of which the first one is a spatial and chronological differentiation. In addition to that, the individual consideration of cultural contacts is held to be conducive to a model for the emergence and expansion of the Western Globular Amphora culture

Das Kairenische im 19. Jh.: Gedanken zu Ṭanṭāwī's "Traité de la langue arabe vulgaire"

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Der Quecksilbergehalt der Nahrung in Österreich

Áttekintést adnak az Ausztriában a táplálék útján az élelmiszerekben felvett higany mennyiségéről. A statisztikailag megállapított étrendi szokások alapján az élelmiszerekkel felvett higany mennyiségét havi 0,2 mg-ra becsülik. Az aránylag nagy mennyiségű higannyal szennyezett élelmiszerek szerepét (mint pl. a tonhalét és a gombákét) az összes felvétekhez viszonyítva tárgyalják. A survey is given of the amount of mercury taken up with foods consumed in Austria. On the basis of the statistically established dietary habits the intake of mercury by foods consumed is estimated to 0.2 mg per month. The role of foods contaminated by mercury to a relatively great extent e. g. of tuna and of mushrooms is discussed on the basis of their ratio to the total intake

Rural Dialect of Egyptian Arabic: An Overview

In the last 30 years of the 19th century, European Arabists felt a need to describe and analyse the Arabic colloquials in order to use them for comparative and historical linguistic goals. It was the time when the Middle East opened for Europeans, and Egypt in particular became accessible to thousands for trade and other professions and, last but not least, research of all kinds. This is why the first comprehensive and, by contemporary standards, scientific grammar of an Arabic Colloquial app..

Bestattungen der Altheimer Kultur in Nördlingen - die Fundstelle Nürnberger Straße 63, Nördlinger Ries, Bayern

The archaeological record for the Altheim culture (approx. 38th -35th century BC) in SW Germany is highly biased. While a small number of waterlogged sites have provided material for very detailed analyses of settlement activities and economy within this environmental setting, evidence for settlement activities outside these specific topographic situations is extremely sparse. The same applies to burial features that have been identified from eight sites which are predominantly isolated burials that have not revealed any clear modus concerning orientation, grave goods or spatial organization. Here we present results from a site situated in the Nördlinger Ries (Bavaria) that has yielded a total of eight burials of this culture together with a small number of contemporary settlement features including the rare example of a well. Our results corroborate the absence of any strict orientation or a defined set of grave goods in this culture and no spatial organization of the burials could be observed.Die archäologische Überlieferung der Altheim Kultur (ca. 38. -35. Jhd. v. Chr.) in SW Deutschland ist sehr uneinheitlich. Während eine kleine Anzahl an Fundstellen mit Feuchtbodenerhaltung Material für sehr detaillierte Analysen zur Siedlungs- und Wirtschaftsentwicklung in diesen Niederungen geliefert hat, ist der archäologische Quellenbestand zur Siedlungsgeschichte in anderen Naturräumen vergleichsweise spärlich. Dieses betrifft auch die Bestattungsbefunde, die bislang von acht Fundstellen bekannt gewesen sind und überwiegend isoliert liegende Einzelbestattungen ohne erkennbare Muster im Hinblick auf Ausrichtung, Beigabensitte oder räumliche Organisation umfassen. Nachfolgend werden die Auswertungen einer bodendenkmalpflegerischen Maßnahme im Nördlinger Ries (Bayern) vorgestellt, die insgesamt acht Bestattungen mit Zuweisung zu diesem Kulturhorizont erbracht hat. Diese Bestattungen sind mit einer kleinen Zahl zeitgleicher Siedlungsbefunde vergesellschaftet, darunter auch der seltene Befund einen Brunnens. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass Bestattungen dieser Kulturgruppe keinem erkennbaren Muster hinsichtlich der Orientierung oder Beigabensitte folgen und auch eine räumliche Struktur des Bestattungsplatzes zu fehlen scheint

Contact as catalyst: The case for Coptic influence in the development of Arabic negation

This article discusses similar developments in the expression of negation in the histories of Egyptian-Coptic and Arabic and explores the evidence for these respective developments being related by language contact. Both Coptic and Arabic have undergone a development known as Jespersen’s Cycle (JC), whereby an original negative marker is joined by some new element to form a bipartite negative construction. The original marker then becomes optional while the new element becomes the primary negator. We present the results of a corpus study of negation in late Coptic, showing that, at the time when Arabic speakers began to settle in Egypt, the bipartite negative construction still predominated. This being the case, we argue that native speakers of Coptic learning Arabic as a second language played a key role in the genesis of the Arabic bipartite negative construction. More generally, we give reasons to doubt the a priori preference for internal explanations of syntactic change over those involving contact, as well as the assumption that the two are mutually exclusive. Rather, we suggest that not only purely internal but also (partially) contactinduced change can profitably be accounted for in terms of child language acquisition leading to a change in the grammars of individual speakers

(q) as a sociolinguistic variable in the Arabic of Gaza City

This study examines the effect of dialect contact between the indigenous residents of Gaza City and refugees originally from the city of Jaffa. The study offers a quantitative sociolinguistic investigation of the variable (q) in the speech of 22 residents of Gaza City. The sample is divided along the lines of dialect background and gender, and it is separated into three age groups. Analysis of the data has revealed that for (q) a significant correlation exists with dialect background and gender, with female speakers and speakers of a Jaffa dialect background showing the highest tendencies to favor the glottal [ʔ] realization for (q). Male speakers in the sample, regardless of their dialect background, showed a tendency to favor the localized [g] realization of (q)