Serological aspects of tumour immunology

It has been postulated that antibody may affect tumour growth directly, or indirectly by modulating the activities of T-cells, K-cells and macrophages. Therefore, these studies were designed to gain some insight into whether the pleomorphism exhibited by immunoglobulin classes and sub-classes might account for the numerous roles that have been postulated for antibody in tumour immunity. The model chosen was the inhibition of syngeneic tumour growth (s.e.) by an infection of C.parvrart (i.p.) in CBA mice, and three serological parameters were measured after administration of C.parvum, tumour or both. These were 1) immunoglobulin binding to tumour target cells in vitro (aom.times designated "anti-tumour antibody", in an operational sense); 2) total immunoglobulln class and sub-class levels; 3) snti-C.parvum antibody titres. WLth the aid of serum from appropriately immunised mice, an isotonic antiglobulin assay was developed to detect immunoglobulin binding to target cells in vitro. It soon became apparent that C.parvum (CN 613U) administration (i.p.) to normal mice resulted in the production of immunoglobulin binding to tumour cells in vitro, accompanied by elevated levels of certain serum immunoglobulins (most markedly and consistently IgG^) and high anti-C.parvum antibody titres. These serological changes were dose and route dependent, although not dependent on an intact thymus, and they occurred with other adjuvants. The immunoglobulin binding to tumour cells in vitro was IgM, and exhibited no specificity for tumour cells. C.parvum (CM 613U) administration (i.p.) to tumour bearing mice also elicited immunoglobulin capable of binding to tumour cells in vitro, accompanied by elevated levels of most immunoglobulin classes and sub-classes and high aati-C.parvum antibody titres. Again the changes were route dependent and could he diminished (or, in the case of immunoglobulin binding to tumour cells in vitro, abolished) by the administration of gold salts. They were also apparent in thymectomised mice and in mice treated with other adjuvants. The immmoglobulin binding to tumour cells in vitro occurred in all classes and sub-classes except IgA, and the 7S immunoglobulin exhibited a degree of specificity for homologous tumour ce2fe, although the 19S did not. Preliminary experiments were also undertaken to see if; 1) the antibody detected by the antiglobulin assay was due to genuine antigenantibody reaction; 2) immunoglobulin binding to tumour cells in vitro could be elicited without the intervention of adjuvant; 3) the serological changes could influence tumour growth; U) tumours of lymphoid origin could affect the immune response to defined antigens. The results are related to findings from other laboratories, and discussed from the standpoint of possible mechinisms of adjuvant action. Suggestions are made for improvement of techniques used and for further work in this area

Can we use Hare’s psychopathy model within forensic and non-forensic populations? An empirical investigation

Although psychopathy construct (SRP-SF) was assessed among various samples, prior research did not investigate whether the model proposed by Hare and colleagues can be used to capture psychopathy scores derived from forensic and non-forensic populations. The main objective of the current study was to test dimensionality, construct validity, and factorial invariance of the SRP-SF within prison (N = 730) and student (N = 2,506) samples. Our results indicate that the SRP-SF measure cannot be used in the same way within forensic and non-forensic samples, which may be due to the inclusion of criminal/antisocial traits as an integral part of psychopathy

Revisiting conflict: Neoliberalism at work in the gig economy

What is the role of conflict in bringing about radical change? Taking the case of the gig economy, we study the conditions of possibility for fairer alternative ways of organising to emerge. Currently, some commentators underscore the sense of freedom of working as a self-employed contractor; others focus on its negative and exploitative dimensions. Less attention has been given to the potential emergence of (radical) conflicts around the nature of gig work. Thus, we contribute to the study of conflict in organisation theory by appreciating two different yet interrelated phenomena. First, how neoliberal gig work mobilises positive fantasies of individualised economic prosperity and independence, leading to reformist responses to social and contractual disputes. Second, how the dark side of gig work can trigger radical conflicts, which reject the assumptions underpinning the ‘self-employed contractors’ business model. We argue that the potential for radical (labour) revolts is buffered by neoliberal individualisation and hegemonic ideology – articulated in the phenomenon that we term ‘econormativity’. Yet, as the latter offers no resolution to structural grievances, conflict continues to simmer in the background. The article aims to advance, principally from an organisation studies perspective, our understanding of conflict and its role in unleashing radical alternatives

Phoretic Motion of Spheroidal Particles Due To Self-Generated Solute Gradients

We study theoretically the phoretic motion of a spheroidal particle, which generates solute gradients in the surrounding unbounded solvent via chemical reactions active on its surface in a cap-like region centered at one of the poles of the particle. We derive, within the constraints of the mapping to classical diffusio-phoresis, an analytical expression for the phoretic velocity of such an object. This allows us to analyze in detail the dependence of the velocity on the aspect ratio of the polar and the equatorial diameters of the particle and on the fraction of the particle surface contributing to the chemical reaction. The particular cases of a sphere and of an approximation for a needle-like particle, which are the most common shapes employed in experimental realizations of such self-propelled objects, are obtained from the general solution in the limits that the aspect ratio approaches one or becomes very large, respectively.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear in European Physical Journal

Systematic Control of Carrier Doping without Disorder at Interface of Oxide Heterostructures

We propose a method to systematically control carrier densities at the interface of transition-metal oxide heterostructures without introducing disorders. By inserting non-polar layers sandwiched by polar layers, continuous carrier doping into the interface can be realized. This method enables us to control the total carrier densities per unit cell systematically up to high values of the order unity.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

Where constructionism and critical realism converge: interrogating the domain of epistemological relativism

The paper interrogates the status, nature and significance of epistemological relativism as a key element of constructionism and critical realism. It finds that epistemological relativism is espoused by authorities in critical realism and marginalized or displaced in the field of management and organization studies, resulting in forms of analysis that are empirically, but not fully critically, realist. This evaluation prompts reflection on the question of whether, how and with what implications epistemological relativism might be recast at the heart of critical realist studies of management and organization