11 research outputs found

    Patterns of eye-movements when Male and Female observers judge female attractiveness, body fat and waist-to-hip ratio

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    Behavioural studies of the perceptual cues for female physical attractiveness have suggested two potentially important features; body fat distribution (the waist-to-hip ratio or WHR) and overall body fat (often estimated by the body mass index or BMI). However none of these studies tell us directly which regions of the stimulus images inform observers’ judgments. Therefore, we recorded the eye-movements of 3 groups of 10 male observers and 3 groups of 10 female observers, when they rated a set of 46 photographs of female bodies. The first sets of observers rated the images for attractiveness, the second sets rated for body fat and the third sets for WHR. If either WHR and/or body fat are used to judge attractiveness, then observers rating attractiveness should look at those areas of the body which allow assessment of these features, and they should look in the same areas when they are directly asked to estimate WHR and body fat. So we are able to compare the fixation patterns for the explicit judgments with those for attractiveness judgments, and infer which features were used for attractiveness. Prior to group analysis of the eye-movement data, the locations of individual eye fixations were transformed into a common reference space to permit comparisons of fixation density at high resolution across all stimuli. This manipulation allowed us to use spatial statistical analysis techniques to show: 1) Observers’ fixations for attractiveness and body fat clustered in the central and upper abdomen and chest, but not the pelvic or hip areas, consistent with the finding that WHR had little influence over attractiveness judgments. 2) The pattern of fixations for attractiveness ratings was very similar to the fixation patterns for body fat judgments. 3) The fixations for WHR ratings were significantly different from those for attractiveness and body fat

    Malåria humana: padronização e optimização de testes sorológicos para diagnóstico individual e inquéritos soroepidemiológicos

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    O teste de imunofluorescĂȘncia indireta (IFI) Ă© considerado teste de referĂȘncia na soroiogia da malĂĄria. Neste trabalho procuramos optimizar o teste empregando P. falciparum obtido de sangue humano e de cultura e P. vivax obtido de sangue de paciente como antĂ­genos, para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG e IgM. Das variĂĄveis tĂ©cnicas estudadas melhores resultados foram obtidos quando os soros foram diluidos ern PBS contendo 1% de Tween 80 e as lĂąminas contendo a suspensĂŁo antigĂȘnica foram estabilizadas em dessecadores ou fixadas com acetona. Foi tambĂ©m padronizado o teste imunoenzimĂĄtico ELISA com antigenos de P. falciparum obtidos em cultura. O estudo comparativo com o teste de imunofluorescĂȘncia indireta para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG mostrou: a) nos pacientes primo infectados por P. falciparum a sensibilidade para ambos os testes foi de 71%; b) nos pacientes primo infectados pelo P. vivax a sensibilidade foi de 40% para ambos os testes; c) nos pacientes nĂŁo primo infectados e com malĂĄria atual pelo P. falciparum a sensibilidade para ambos os testes foi de 100%; d) nos pacientes nĂŁo primo infectados e com malĂĄria atual pelo P. vivax a sensibilidade foi de 85% para o teste ELISA e de 92% para a IFI; e) nos pacientes com malĂĄria mista a sensibilidade para ambos os testes foi de 100%. A especificidade da IFI foi de 100% e do teste ELISA 95% nos casos de indivĂ­duos nĂŁo malĂĄricos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem ser o teste ELISA, uma boa alternativa para o teste de IFI, para a pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti P. falciparum, na soroiogia da malĂĄria

    Thy brother's keeper: A review of the literature on correctional officers

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