254 research outputs found
ILLEGAL EMPLOYMENT OF NON-EU NATIONALS IN IRELAND. ESRI RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 64 JULY 2017
Illegal employment of non-EU nationals can be defined in two ways, in reference to two different typologies: those who are legally resident working outside the conditions of their residence permit and/or without an Employment Permit, and those who are irregularly resident.1 Illegal employment is defined in this study to mean âeconomic activity carried out in violation of provisions set by legislationâ (European Migration Network, 2014).
Illegal employment is hidden by nature, meaning estimating the scale both in Ireland and within the EU is challenging. According to research by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2015) high risk sectors tend to be characterised by low wages, long hours and a relatively high turnover in staff. Owing to its hidden nature, illegal employment often impacts upon workersâ fundamental rights. Combatting illegal employment is therefore both a social policy and fundamental rights objective, as employeesâ rights are often violated (European Migration Network, 2017).
This is the first comprehensive study on illegal employment concerning both regularly and irregularly staying non-EU nationals in Ireland, which outlines in detail policy and practice with input from a variety of stakeholders. Its purpose is to provide an evidence base for national and EU policymakers, researchers, practitioners working with non-EEA nationals as well as the general public. The study focusses on policy, law and practice in relation to: prevention measures and incentives for compliance, direct policy initiatives, inspections, sanctions and outcomes for people found to be working illegally
UVES Spectroscopy of T Chamaeleontis: Line Variability, Mass Accretion Rate and Spectro-astrometric Analysis
Although advances in exoplanet detection techniques have seen an increase in
discoveries, observing a planet in the earliest stages of formation still
remains a difficult task. Here four epochs of spectra of the transitional disk
object T Cha are analysed to determine whether spectro-astrometry can be used
to detect a signal from its proposed protoplanet, T Cha b. The unique
properties of T Cha are also further constrained. H{\alpha} and [O I]{\lambda}
6300, the most prominent lines, were analysed using spectro-astrometry.
H{\alpha} being a direct accretion tracer is the target for the T Cha b
detection while [O I]{\lambda} 6300 is considered to be an indirect tracer of
accretion. [O I]{\lambda} 6300 is classified as a broad low velocity component
(BC LVC). The mass accretion rate was derived for all epochs using new [O
I]{\lambda} 6300 LVC relationships and the H{\alpha} line luminosity. It is
shown that a wind is the likely origin of the [O I]{\lambda} 6300 line and that
the [O I]{\lambda} 6300 line serves as a better accretion tracer than H{\alpha}
in this case. From the comparison between M acc([OI]) and M acc(H{\alpha}) it
is concluded that T Cha is not an intrinsically weak accretor but rather that a
significant proportion of the H{\alpha} emission tracing accretion is obscured.
T Cha b is not detected in the spectro-astrometric analysis yet a detection
limit of 0.5 mas is derived. The analysis in this case was hampered by
spectro-astrometric artefacts and by the unique properties of T Cha. While it
seems that spectro-astrometry as a means of detecting exoplanets in TDs can be
challenging it can be used to put an limit on the strength of the H{\alpha}
emission from accreting planetary companions and thus can have an important
input into the planning of high angular resolution observations
Spatially Resolved Observations of the Bipolar Optical Outflow from the Brown Dwarf 2MASSJ12073347-3932540
Studies of brown dwarf (BD) outflows provide information pertinent to
questions on BD formation, as well as allowing outflow mechanisms to be
investigated at the lowest masses. Here new observations of the bipolar outflow
from the 24 M BD, 2MASSJ12073347-3932540 are presented. The outflow was
originally identified through the spectro-astrometric analysis of the
[OI]6300 emission line. Follow-up observations consisting of spectra
and [SII], R-band and I-band images were obtained. The new spectra confirm the
original results and are used to constrain the outflow PA at
65. The [OI]6300 emission line region is spatially resolved
and the outflow is detected in the [SII] images. The detection is firstly in
the form of an elongation of the point spread function along the direction of
the outflow PA. Four faint knot-like features (labelled {\it A-D}) are also
observed to the south-west of 2MASSJ12073347-3932540 along the same PA
suggested by the spectra and the elongation in the PSF. Interestingly, {\it D},
the feature furthest from the source is bow-shaped with the apex pointing away
from 2MASSJ12073347-3932540. A color-color analysis allows us to conclude that
at least feature {\it D} is part of the outflow under investigation while {\it
A} is likely a star or galaxy. Follow-up observations are needed to confirm the
origin of {\it B} and {\it C}. This is a first for a BD, as BD optical outflows
have to date only been detected using spectro-astrometry. This result also
demonstrates for the first time that BD outflows can be collimated and
episodic.Comment: Accepted by ApJ, ref ApJ89096R
Mixed Methods Process Evaluation of a National Peer-Led Training Program to Increase Brief Advice on Physical Activity Given By Health Care Professionals
Introduction: Health care professionals are well-positioned to encourage physical activity. The Clinical Champions Physical Activity Training Program (CCTP) aimed to increase population-level physical activity across England. This study aimed to (1) evaluate CCTP uptake and utilization; (2) explore CCTP fidelity, barriers, facilitators, and satisfaction; and (3) provide recommendations for program improvement. Methods: Physical Activity Clinical Champions were recruited and trained to deliver training to other health care professionals about physical activity. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used to conduct a process evaluation using data collected from CCTP training sessions delivered (often at hospitals and General Practitioner surgeries) between February and December 2018. Results: About 509 training sessions were delivered, with 89% of sessions delivered by doctor/physician and nurse Clinical Champions; 8917 health care professionals attended a training session. Sessions lasted on average 1 hour 28 minutes and core slide sets were used in 65% of sessions. Barriers related to arranging the sessions and time available to deliver sessions. Conclusion: The process evaluation demonstrated a national peer-led training program can reach all geographical regions of England; however, barriers need to be addressed. Recommendations include providing more administrative support to the Clinical Champions, improving communication and advertising to raise awareness of the CCTP, and standardizing training session duration and content
Impact of a National Peer-Led Training Program to Increase Brief Physical Activity Advice Given to Patients by Health Care Professionals
Background: The benefits of physical activity for preventing and managing long-term health conditions are well established and health care professionals could promote physical activity to patients. The current study aims to evaluate the impact of the Clinical Champions Physical Activity Training Program. Methods: Health care professionals attend a one-off in-person training session delivered by a trained Clinical Champion. Attendees at the Clinical Champions Physical Activity Training Program were asked to complete a baseline survey prior to the training session and follow-up surveys 4 and 12 weeks posttraining. Results: A total of 5945 training attendees completed the baseline survey. A total of 1859 and 754 participants completed 4- and 12-week follow-up (31.3% and 12.7% response rate, respectively). Significant increases in confidence to deliver brief physical activity advice and knowledge of physical activity guidelines were reported at 12 weeks (P < .001). The perceived frequency of physical activity discussions with patients significantly increased (P < .001). Twelve weeks after training, fewer barriers in promoting physical activity were reported. Conclusions: The evaluation of the Clinical Champions Physical Activity Training Program demonstrated an increase in knowledge of physical activity guidelines, levels of confidence, and frequency of delivery of brief physical activity advice to patients. Further research is required to determine if this impact translates into changes to patientsâ physical activity behavior
First Large-scale HerbigâHaro Jet Driven by a Proto-brown Dwarf
We report the discovery of a new HerbigâHaro jet, HH 1165, in SOAR narrow-band imaging of the vicinity of the Ï Orionis cluster. HH 1165 shows a spectacular extended and collimated spatial structure, with a projected length of 0.26 pc, a bent C-shaped morphology, multiple knots, and fragmented bow shocks at the apparent ends of the flow. The Hα image shows a bright halo with a clumpy distribution of material seen around the driving source, and curved reflection nebulosity tracing the outflow cavities. The driving source of HH 1165 is a Class I proto-brown dwarf, Mayrit 1701117 (M1701117), with a total (dust+gas) mass of ~36 M Jup and a bolometric luminosity of ~0.1 L â. High-resolution VLT/UVES spectra of M1701117 show a wealth of emission lines indicative of strong outflow and accretion activity. SOAR/Goodman low-resolution spectra along the jet axis show an asymmetrical morphology for HH 1165. We find a puzzling picture wherein the northwest part exhibits a classical HH jet running into a pre-dominantly neutral medium, while the southern part resembles an externally irradiated jet. The C-shaped bending in HH 1165 may be produced by the combined effects from the massive stars in the ionization front to the east, the Ï Orionis core to the west, and the close proximity to the B2-type star HR 1950. HH 1165 shows all of the signatures to be considered as a scaled-down version of parsec-length HH jets, and can be termed as the first sub-stellar analog of a protostellar HH jet system
Wideband Characteristic Basis Functions in Radiation Problems
In this paper, the use of characteristic basis function (CBF) method, augmented by the application of asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) technique is analyzed in the context of the application to radiation problems. Both conventional and wideband CBFs are applied to the analysis of wire and planar antennas
Prospects for Stochastic Background Searches Using Virgo and LSC Interferometers
We consider the question of cross-correlation measurements using Virgo and
the LSC Interferometers (LIGO Livingston, LIGO Hanford, and GEO600) to search
for a stochastic gravitational-wave background. We find that inclusion of Virgo
into the network will substantially improve the sensitivity to correlations
above 200 Hz if all detectors are operating at their design sensitivity. This
is illustrated using a simulated isotropic stochastic background signal,
generated with an astrophysically-motivated spectrum, injected into 24 hours of
simulated noise for the LIGO and Virgo interferometers.Comment: 11 pages, uses IOP style files, submitted to CQG for GWDAW11
proceedings; revised in response to referee comment
The 2008-2009 outburst of the young binary system Z CMa unraveled by interferometry with high spectral resolution
Z CMa is a young binary system consisting of an Herbig primary and a FU Ori
companion. Both components seem to be surrounded by active accretion disks and
a jet was associated to the Herbig B0. In Nov. 2008, K. Grankin discovered that
Z CMa was exhibiting an outburst with an amplitude larger than any photometric
variations recorded in the last 25 years. To study the innermost regions in
which the outburst occurs and understand its origin, we have observed both
binary components with AMBER/VLTI across the Br{\gamma} emission line in Dec.
2009 in medium and high spectral resolution modes. Our observations show that
the Herbig Be, responsible for the increase of luminosity, also produces a
strong Br{\gamma} emission, and they allow us to disentangle from various
origins by locating the emission at each velocities through the line.
Considering a model of a Keplerian disk alone fails at reproducing the
asymmetric spectro-astrometric measurements, suggesting a major contribution
from an outflow.Comment: To be published in the proceedings of the SPIE'2010 conference on
"Optical and Infrared Interferometry II
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