BiOutils: an interface to connect university laboratories with microbiology classes in schools

The contribution of microbiology to the scientific advances of modern experimental biology has very often made the difference. Despite this, its role as an independent discipline has slowly started to fade away. This situation has been worsening due to (i) a marginal role of microbiology in academic curricula and (ii) a low or misplaced interest by the public at large towards this field of study. In order to counter this phenomenon, microbiology researchers and passionate scientists have made several efforts to engage and inform the broad public and academic policymakers about the importance of microbiology as an independent discipline. One of the approaches used in this direction is to support the teaching of microbiology in schools. BiOutils, a science communication platform based within a microbiology lab, has been committed to this goal since its creation in 2007. In this article, we describe how the platform is able to work in synergy with school teachers, providing engaging activities that can be performed in schools' classrooms. Our aim is to provide a perspective on how every microbiology lab with little costs and efforts can support the teaching of a discipline that will remain independent thanks to the fascination that they will be able to transmi

Assessment of sedentary behaviors and transport-related activities by questionnaire: a validation study

ACTI-Cités consortiumInternational audienceBackground: Comprehensive assessment of sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA), including transport-related activities (TRA), is required to design innovative PA promotion strategies. There are few validated instruments that simultaneously assess the different components of human movement according to their context of practice (e.g. work, transport, leisure). We examined test-retest reliability and validity of the Sedentary, Transportation and Activity Questionnaire (STAQ), a newly developed questionnaire dedicated to assessing context-specific SB, TRA and PA. Methods: Ninety six subjects (51 women) kept a contextualized activity-logbook and wore a hip accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X + TM) for a 7-day or 14-day period, at the end of which they completed the STAQ. Activity-energy expenditure was measured in a subgroup of 45 subjects using the double labeled water (DLW) method. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intra-class-coefficients (ICC) in a subgroup of 32 subjects who filled the questionnaire twice one month apart. Accelerometry was annotated using the logbook to obtain total and context-specific objective estimates of SB. Spearman correlations, Bland-Altman plots and ICC were used to analyze validity with logbook, accelerometry and DLW data validity criteria. Results: Test-retest reliability was fair for total sitting time (ICC = 0.52), good to excellent for work sitting time (ICC = 0.71), transport-related walking (ICC = 0.61) and car use (ICC = 0.67), and leisure screen-related SB (ICC = 0.64-0.79), but poor for total sitting time during leisure and transport-related contexts. For validity, compared to accelerometry, significant correlations were found for STAQ estimates of total (r = 0.54) and context-specific sitting times with stronger correlations for work sitting time (r = 0.88), and screen times (TV/DVD viewing: r = 0.46; other screens: r = 0.42) than for transport (r = 0.35) or leisure-related sitting-times (r = 0.19). Compared to contextualized logbook, STAQ estimates of TRA was higher for car (r = 0.65) than for active transport (r = 0.41). The questionnaire generally overestimated work-and leisure-related SB and sitting times, while it underestimated total and transport-related sitting times.Conclusions : The STAQ showed acceptable reliability and a good ranking validity for assessment of context-specific SB and TRA. This instrument appears as a useful tool to study SB, TRA and PA in context in adults

Microworld : Voyage au centre du microbiote intestinal

« Le microbiote, tout le monde en parle...En réalité, qu'est-ce que c'est ? À quoi sert-il ? D'où vient-il ? Microworld propose un voyage immersif dans le microbiote intestinal humain : suivez le parcours de la nourriture et des microbes de la bouche à l'anus, en passant par l'estomac, l'intestin et le côlon. Découvrez quels micro-organismes vivent en nous, leurs activités et leurs effets sur notre digestion et notre santé, mais aussi comment en prendre soin. Plongez dans le monde microscopique de nos entrailles grâce à ce livre d'un nouveau genre, richement illustré, rédigé dans un langage accessible à toutes et tous, et ponctué d'animations 3D en réalité augmentée. Bon voyage au sein du microbiote !

BiOutils: an interface to connect university laboratories with microbiology classes in schools

The contribution of microbiology to the scientific advances of modern experimental biology has very often made the difference. Despite this, its role as an independent discipline has slowly started to fade away. This situation has been worsening due to (i) a marginal role of microbiology in academic curricula and (ii) a low or misplaced interest by the public at large towards this field of study. In order to counter this phenomenon, microbiology researchers and passionate scientists have made several efforts to engage and inform the broad public and academic policy-makers about the importance of microbiology as an independent discipline. One of the approaches used in this direction is to support the teaching of microbiology in schools. BiOutils, a science communication platform based within a microbiology lab, has been committed to this goal since its creation in 2007. In this article, we describe how the platform is able to work in synergy with schools teachers, providing engaging activities that can be performed in schools' classrooms. Our aim is to provide a perspective on how every microbiology lab with little costs and efforts can support the teaching of a discipline that will remain independent thanks to the fascination that they will be able to transmit

A 3D-DNA Molecule Made of PlayMais

More than 60 years have passed since the work of Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick led to the discovery of the 3D-DNA double-helix structure. Nowadays, due to the simple and elegant architecture of its double helix, the structure of DNA is widely known. The biological role of the DNA molecule (e.g., genetic information), however, along with the cellular mechanisms involving the DNA double helix (e.g., DNA replication) are topics that have not yet reached a broader public. In this educational article, we aim to provide a way for schoolchildren to live a three-dimensional experience that focuses on the DNA double helix structure. Moreover, taking advantage of an engaging and visual protocol, students will experience an overview of its biological implications. To do so, starting from a gene sequence, students will have the opportunity to build their own 3D-DNA double helix structure using PlayMais flakes

L'élaboration des décisions des cours constitutionnelles et européennes

La montée en puissance des cours constitutionnelles et européennes dans le processus de fabrication des normes, par leur activité d’interprétation - et de création – des normes suprêmes et leur pouvoir de contrôle, rend plus que jamais nécessaire la compréhension de leurs décisions. Le terme de décision désignant à la fois une action et son résultat, un processus et son aboutissement, la pleine compréhension - et acceptation - des décisions de justice ne peut se faire sans une connaissance précise de leur mode d’élaboration. Cette étude vise précisément à décrire et à comparer les modes d'élaboration des décisions des juridictions constitutionnelles et européennes, compétentes pour assurer le respect des normes suprêmes. Cette recherche a pour ambition d’identifier les éléments communs, permettant de rapprocher ces juridictions, ainsi que les spécificités propres à chacune, invitant à les distinguer. Par l’observation et la confrontation des pratiques, il s’agit de montrer et d’expliquer les différences existantes entre ces cours et de déterminer si, derrière la diversité des traditions et des systèmes juridiques, il existe des points de convergence au travail des juges. Cette étude a été menée à travers une double approche, empirique et comparative. A partir de l’observation des pratiques et d’entretiens semi-directifs, il s’agissait de faire ressortir les contraintes matérielles et institutionnelles qui déterminent le choix du processus décisionnel, les éléments ayant un impact mesurable sur la prise de décision et les évolutions des pratiques. La confrontation des résultats devait permettre d’établir une grille de lecture des modes d’élaboration des décisions et des juridictions. Vaste chantier, l’élaboration des décisions de justice s’organise autour de trois éléments structurants - les matériaux, les artisans et l’œuvre - qui unissent et distinguent à la fois les cours constitutionnelles et européennes. Agissant à la fois comme une contrainte et une ressource pour le juge, les matériaux utilisés ont une fonction ambivalente et un impact variable sur les décisions rendues. Les acteurs du procès jouent un rôle essentiel dans ce processus. Si leur participation est conditionnée par leur statut, leur influence dépend surtout des relations qui se nouent entre eux, faisant de la décision rendue une œuvre réalisée à plusieurs mains. Malgré certains rapprochements liés à l’évolution des cours suprêmes, persistent des approches différentes du contrôle, de la collégialité ou de la rédaction des décisions. La tradition juridique, l’histoire et les contraintes propres à chaque juridiction sont de nature à expliquer ces différences. Or, le contexte d’européanisation invite à en dépasser certaines

Refining Kidney Survival in 383 Genetically Characterized Patients With Nephronophthisis

Nephronophthisis (NPH) comprises a group of rare disorders accounting for up to 10% of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children. Prediction of kidney prognosis poses a major challenge. We assessed differences in kidney survival, impact of variant type, and the association of clinical characteristics with declining kidney function. Data was obtained from 3 independent sources, namely the network for early onset cystic kidney diseases clinical registry (n = 105), an online survey sent out to the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Diseases (n = 60), and a literature search (n = 218). A total of 383 individuals were available for analysis: 116 NPHP1, 101 NPHP3, 81 NPHP4 and 85 NPHP11/TMEM67 patients. Kidney survival differed between the 4 cohorts with a highly variable median age at onset of ESKD as follows: NPHP3, 4.0 years (interquartile range 0.3-12.0); NPHP1, 13.5 years (interquartile range 10.5-16.5); NPHP4, 16.0 years (interquartile range 11.0-25.0); and NPHP11/TMEM67, 19.0 years (interquartile range 8.7-28.0). Kidney survival was significantly associated with the underlying variant type for NPHP1, NPHP3, and NPHP4. Multivariate analysis for the NPHP1 cohort revealed growth retardation (hazard ratio 3.5) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) treatment (hazard ratio 2.8) as 2 independent factors associated with an earlier onset of ESKD, whereas arterial hypertension was linked to an accelerated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline. The presented data will enable clinicians to better estimate kidney prognosis of distinct patients with NPH and thereby allow personalized counseling