Rock Hill Power Company Records - Accession 1482

The Rock Hill Power Company Records contains thirty nine individual records owned by the Rock Hill Power Company and Rock Hill Water and Electric Company between the years 1856 to 1941. The records consist of abstracts of data, titles and deeds, agreements between the Rock Hill Power Company and other entities, minutes and proceedings letters, lawyer opinion regarding rights to supply water to Rock Hill, and a surveyor sketch. This collection of particular interest to researchers interested in the Rock Hill, SC’s early efforts to bring electric lights to the city in the early 1890s and Rock Hill’s legal authority to acquire ownership of local water and light plants. Also included is a legal statement on the installation of a street railway and information regarding the Rock Hill Little Theater.https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/manuscriptcollection_findingaids/2431/thumbnail.jp

Project inception report

Najprikladnije sredstvo za praćenje kvalitete rezultata tijela za ocjenjivanje sukladnosti jest, među ostalom, njihovo uključivanje u programe međulaboratorijskih usporedbi. Da bi se mjeriteljski laboratoriji uključili u usporedbeno mjerenje potrebno je sa svima njima postići uniformiran dogovor oko mjernog područja, vrste etalona i korištenog tlačnog medija. Sva mjerenja izvedena su prema DKD-R 6-1 smjernicama, odabran je tip B usporedbe, a mjerni raspon podijeljen je, sukladno normi za tip B, u 9 pojedinačnih mjerenja (0, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 bar). Proces usporedbe je slijedan, raspodjela predmeta ispitivanja sposobnosti ide od jednog sudionika do drugog, počevši prvo u referentnom laboratoriju (LPM) na Fakultetu strojarstva i brodogradnje, mjerilo tlaka je umjereno prema etalonskoj tlačnoj vagi interne oznake TLVAG_01 koje koristi ulje kao tlačni medij, zatim je išlo redom: BMB Laboratorij Brcković, Gredelj, Laboring, Inspekt, Ravnoteža, DIV Laboratorij i Zavod za ispitivanje kvalitete. Nakon što je predmet usporedbe prošao kroz svih navedenih 7 laboratorija, završno mjerenje je još jednom izvedeno u referentnom laboratoriju. Za sva mjerna područja bilo je potrebno izračunati nesigurnost etalona, rezoluciju mjerila, te doprinose mjernoj nesigurnosti (histereza i ponovljivost) s ciljem dobivanja proširene mjerne nesigurnosti U. Naposljetku je provedena analiza rezultata metodom usporedbe prema E_n vrijednosti .The most appropriate means of monitoring the quality of the bodies' compliance results are, among other things, their inclusion in interlaboratory comparative programs. To have metrological laboratories engaged in comparative measurements, it is necessary to achieve a uniform agreement between them on the measuring area, the type of etalon and the pressure medium used. All measurements were performed according to DKD-R 6-1 guidelines, Type B comparisons were selected and the measurement range was divided into 9 individual measurements (0, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 bar). The comparison process is followed, the distribution of the subject of the ability test ranges from one participant to the second starting at the Reference Laboratory (LPM) at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, the pressure measurement is moderate according to the standard pressure vessel of the internal mark TLVAG_01 which uses the oil as a pressure medium, respectively: BMB Laboratory Brckovic, Gredelj, Laboring, Inspekt, Ravnoteža, DIV Laboratory and Zavod za ispitivanje kvalitete. After the subject of the comparison has gone through all of the 7 laboratories, the final measurement was once again performed in the reference laboratory. For all measurement ranges, it was necessary to calculate the uncertainty of the standard, the resolution of the scales, and contribute to the measurement uncertainty (hysteresis and repeatability) with the aim of obtaining the extended measurement uncertainty U. Finally, the result analysis was performed by comparison of E_n values

Evaluation of possible temperature fluctuations from proposed power modifications at Hoover Dam

There are several planned alternatives for increasing the generation capacity of Hoover Dam to help meet peak power demands. These alternatives include: (a) uprating the existing generating units, (b) replacing or adding one or more generating units and (c) adding reversible pumped-storage hydroelectric units. Since the existing generators are at the end of their economic life and have to be replaced, their uprating has been scheduled as routine maintenance. This will increase the generating capacity of the Hoover Dam powerplant from 1240 MW to 1810 MW, but the anticipated capacity for meeting power demand is 2300 MW. Therefore, modifications (alternatives B and C) are also being considered to obtain an additional 500 MW from Hoover Dam. The proposed modification of Hoover Dam will alter the existing daily discharge regime, but because of water requirements downstream, the total volume of water discharged over an annual period will remain the same. To meet peak power demands with the proposed alternatives, the daily discharge cycle will be changed to longer periods of low flow (evening-early morning)and shorter periods of peak flow (midafternoon-dusk). The peak discharge rate will increase to 76,000 ft3.sec-1 (Table l), but minimum flows of 2000 ft3.sec-1 will be maintained with alternatives A and B when the elevation of Lake Mohave is below 630 ft. Since the water of Lake Mohave extends to the tail race of Hoover Dam when lake elevations are greater than 630 ft., minimum flows of 2000 ft3.sec-1 will be unnecessary and hence zero discharge at night may occur. With reversible pumped-storage (alternative C), some of the water used for generating during peak power demands would also be pumped back to Lake Mead at night at a rate of up to 25,000 ft3.sec-1. This will cause reverse flows in the river section, and could pull Lake Mohave water to the dam. Hoover Dam has two sets of intake gates located at elevation 1045 ft. and 900 ft. on the four intake towers. The upper gates (1045 ft.), with few exceptions, have not been used since 1954, but, with the addition of generating units (alternative B) or the installation of reversible pumped-storage units (alternative C), one upper gate on the Arizona Tower would be used in conjunction with the four lower gates to facilitate the higher flows. We have previously reported (Paulson, Baker and Deacon 1980) that the discharge temperature could increase and undergo daily fluctuation due to withdrawal of increasing amounts of warmer water form Lake Mead at higher peak discharge. The U.S. Water and Power Resources Service therefore initiated this investigation to determine to what extent discharge temperature from Hoover Dam and thermal stratification in Lake Mead would change with discharges under the following conditions: (i) all four intakes on the upper gates (ii) all four intakes on the lower gates, (iii) from a combined use of one upper gate and four lower gates

Evaluation of impacts associated with reregulation of water levels in Lake Mohave

The U.S. Water and Power Resources Service is considering reregulating Lake Mohave water levels to increase the net power benefit from Hoover Dam. Reregulation will not increase the generation capacity of the Hoover powerplant but it will enable the plant operation to be increased when the energy has greater monetary value. Energy generated at different times of the year has different market value, the highest being in January-March and July- September. By generating more power during these periods more net monetary benefit can be derived from Hoover Dam. The total volume of water released from Hoover Dam over an annual period must remain unchanged due to downstream water requirements for irrigation. To obtain this power benefit, therefore, less water for generation would be discharged during the low market value periods to enable higher discharges during the high market value periods. The discharge regime at Davis Dam would also remain unchanged in order to meet downstream water requirements. Therefore more extreme fluctuations in Lake Mohave water levels would result in order to accommodate changes in the Hoover Dam discharge regime. Water levels in Lake Mohave presently fluctuate from a maximum elevation of about 647 ft. in February-April to a minimum of 630.5 ft. in September- November. The minimum elevation has been maintained to accommodate the marinas on the lake. To optimize power generation from Hoover Dam, water levels in Lake Mohave will fluctuate from elevations of 600 to 640 ft. The greatest power benefit would be derived from decreased Hoover Dam discharge in April-June and October-December and increased discharge in January-March and July-September… The proposed reregulation alternatives will alter environmental conditions in Lake Mohave because of the extreme variations in water level. The U.S. Water and Power Resources Service initiated this investigation to determine to what extent reregulation would affect limnological conditions and fisheries in Lake Mohave

The Limnological status of Lake Mead and Lake Mohave under present and future powerplant operations of Hoover Dam

The ever-increasing demand for energy in the southwest has led to a search for additional sources of power generation. Coal-fired powerplants currently provide most of the baseline energy in the southwest, but this must be supplemented with hydroelectric power during periods of peak demand. In order to provide additional peaking power, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is considering a number of projects to modify existing hydroelectric facilities, or add new facilities in the Lake Mead Recreation Area. The Hoover Powerplant Modification Feasibility Investigation was authorized by Congress on December 16, 1975 to determine the feasibility of: (i) adding one or more hydroelectric generating units to Hoover Dam, (ii) adding one or more reverse turbine pump-storage units to Hoover Dam, and (iii) upgrading the existing generating units for greater capacity (USDI 1978). In addition, offline pump-storage systems are currently being considered for installation in three locations in Lake Mead and one location in Lake Mohave (USDI 1977). The feasibility of these projects, in part, depends upon the impact to recreational and other beneficial uses of the reservoirs and the river. A primary concern is that these projects could significantly alter the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the reservoirs. Therefore, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation initiated this study to determine: (i) the current limnological status of Lake Mead and Lake Mohave, (ii) the relationship between the physical, chemical and biological factors in Lake Mead and Lake Mohave, and (iii) the effect of the hydroelectric projects on the future limnological status of Lake Mead and Lake Mohave

Influence of dredging and high discharge on the ecology of Black Canyon

The Water and Power Resources Service is considering dredging in Black Canyon to create a larger forebay to accommodate higher peak discharges and reverse flows for proposed modifications to Hoover Dam. The Black Canyon area from Hoover Dam to Willow Beach supports a heavily utilized trout fishery and is important habitat for the razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) and possibly bonytail chub (Gila elegans). The Water and Power Resources Service initiated this investigation to determine what effect dredging and higher peak-discharges would have on the ecology of Black Canyon

A Qualitative Land Suitability Assessment in Gypsiferous Soils of Kerman Province, Iran 1

Abstract: The suitability is the aptitude of a given type of land to support a defined use. The process of land suitability classification is the appraisal and grouping of specific areas of land in terms of their suitability for a defined use.This research was performed to study of properties of gypsiferous soils and land suitability evaluation for agronomic productions in the study area. At first, the land maps were studied, then 35 farmlands were chosen, they had gypsic horizon and were scattered in the total plain. Then one profile in each farm was described and catch the samples from all horizons. The total gypsum characteristics, using agricultural instruments and applying of different inputs were studied. Land characteristics for example: salinity, acidity, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), gypsum content, calcium carbonate content, texture and climate were used to classification of land suitability and land utilization types such as wheat, barely, alfalfa, maize, sugarbeet and potato were studied. meanwhile, plant and climate tables were gathered by sys and givi. The results show that the maximum and average of soil gypsum was 31% and 12% respectively. it is one of the most limitation for crop production. According to key to soil taxonomy(2006), the gypsic and cambic horizons were classified in aridisols and entisols. Parent materials, climate, microrelief (topography), physiography and pendant shapes effect the gypsum formation in the studied area. Investigation and qualitative reviewing of lands show that land suitability have a range of changes in classes from S2 to S3 for wheat with the limitations of gypsum in soils and texture, from S2 to S3 for barley with the limitations of gypsum in soils and texture, from S2 to N2 and S3 to N2 for potato with the limitations of soil acidity and gypsum, and S2 to N1 with the limitation of soil`s texture for sugarbeet, from S2 to N2 and S3 to N2 for alfalfa with the limitations of soil`s acidity and gypsum and topography and from S2 to N2 for onion with the limitations of soil`s gypsum and acidity, respectively. researches show that the average of yield in different production in gypsic and non-gypsiferous soils are different

Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Tool to Enhance Sustainable Groundwater Management in California

A growing population and an increased demand for water resources have resulted in a global trend of groundwater depletion. Arid and semi-arid climates are particularly susceptible, often relying on groundwater to support large population centers or irrigated agriculture in the absence of sufficient surface water resources. In an effort to increase the security of groundwater resources, managed aquifer recharge (MAR) programs have been developed and implemented globally. MAR is the approach of intentionally harvesting and infiltrating water to recharge depleted aquifer storage. California is a prime example of this growing problem, with three cities that have over a million residents and an agricultural industry that was valued at 47 billion dollars in 2015. The present-day groundwater overdraft of over 100 km3 (since 1962) indicates a clear disparity between surface water supply and water demand within the state. In the face of groundwater overdraft and the anticipated effects of climate change, many new MAR projects are being constructed or investigated throughout California, adding to those that have existed for decades. Some common MAR types utilized in California include injection wells, infiltration basins (also known as spreading basins, percolation basins, or recharge basins), and low-impact development. An emerging MAR type that is actively being investigated is the winter flooding of agricultural fields using existing irrigation infrastructure and excess surface water resources, known as agricultural MAR. California therefore provides an excellent case study to look at the historical use and performance of MAR, ongoing and emerging challenges, novel MAR applications, and the potential for expansion of MAR. Effective MAR projects are an essential tool for increasing groundwater security, both in California and on a global scale. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the most common MAR types and applications within the State of California and neighboring semi-arid regions

MOCCASIN THIRD PENSTOCK ADDITION: INCREASING POWER BY REDUCING HEADLOSSES

ABSTRACT The Moccasin Hydroelectric Project (Project) is a major part of the City and County o