Resultados do Tratamento do Linfoma de Burkitt com a Associação de Ciclofosfamida, Vincristina e Methotrexate

Trinta e três pacientes, portadores de Linfoma de Burkitt, foram tratados no período de março/81 a abril/86, com a associação de Ciclofosfamida, Oncovin e Methotrexate venoso com Methotrexate intratecal. A idade mediana foi de sete meses e a relação sexo foi de 1/1,75 com predominância masculina. Onze pacientes tinham doença mínima (estádios A, B e AR) e 22 doença avançada (estádios C e D). Vinte pacientes entraram em RC (61%) e 12 (36%) permaneceram continuamente sem recidiva. Com relação ao estadiamento, pacientes com doença mínima tiveram 91 % (10/11) RC com sobrevida a 33 meses de 69%; pacientes com doença avançada tiveram 45% (10/22) RC com sobrevida a 33 meses de 27%. Dos 20 pacientes que entraram em RC sete (35%) apresentaram recidiva da doença, sendo dois no SNC, mas um deles já apresentava infiltração meníngea inicial. Dois pacientes (6%) faleceram com a Síndrome de lise tumoral aguda e quatro pacientes (12%) faleceram por intoxicação à quimioterapia; todos estes pacientes eram portadores de doença avançada. O esquema é muito eficaz e pouco tóxico, em pacientes portadores de Linfoma de Burkitt com pouca massa tumoral, mas é pouco eficaz nos pacientes com doença avançada. Novos esquemas devem ser estudados para este subgrupo de pacientes

Quimioterapia da Doença Trofoblástica Complicada Estudo retrospectivo de 79 casos

Setenta e oito pacientes tratados no Centro de Quimioterapia do Hospital Belo Horizonte e Serviço de Oncologia Clínica da Santa Casa de Misericórdia foram avaliados. As pacientes foram divididas em quatro grupos, baseados na presença ou ausência de metástases e fatores de mau prognóstico. A taxa de remissão completa prolongada foi de 93% para pacientes sem metástases, de bom e mau prognóstico, respectivamente, e de 100% e 48% para os metastáticos, de bom e mau prognóstico, respectivamente. Houve necessidade de histerectomia em apenas cinco casos e a toxícidade foi baixa para os esquemas utilizando-se methotrexate com ou sem ácido folínico, e alta para os de poliquimioterapia. Os autores concluem ser necessário melhor estadiamento da doença e modificação da terapêutica para os casos metastáticos de mau prognóstico

Tratamento de Linfomas Não-Hodgkin Agressivos com CHOP-BLEO: Estudo retrospectivo

Os autores discutem os resultados do tratamento com o esquema CHOP-BLEO em 146 casos de linfomas "agressivos" Houve 56,2% de remissão completa. Sendo fatores importantes no prognóstico a histologia, estádio e presença de sintomas. Já para aparecimento de recidiva foram importantes apenas a presença de sintomas e tumor abdominal maior que 10cm. A sobrevida de 5 anos foi de 35% e quatro fatores foram influentes aqui: a idade, tratamento prévio e presença de tumor abdominal e, principalmente, obtenção de remissão completa. A toxicidade foi moderada, com apenas 1 (um) óbito. Os autores concluem que os resultados obtidos são semelhantes aos de outros centros e que se podem discriminar pelo menos quatro grupos de pacientes, que melhor estudados, poderão se beneficiar, no futuro, com esquemas diversos de tratamento

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. Methods The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODErn), to generate cause fractions and cause specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised. Findings At the broadest grouping of causes of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NC Ds) comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73.4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72.5-74.1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes accounted for 186% (17.9-19.6), and injuries 8.0% (7.7-8.2). Total numbers of deaths from NCD causes increased from 2007 to 2017 by 22.7% (21.5-23.9), representing an additional 7.61 million (7. 20-8.01) deaths estimated in 2017 versus 2007. The death rate from NCDs decreased globally by 7.9% (7.08.8). The number of deaths for CMNN causes decreased by 222% (20.0-24.0) and the death rate by 31.8% (30.1-33.3). Total deaths from injuries increased by 2.3% (0-5-4-0) between 2007 and 2017, and the death rate from injuries decreased by 13.7% (12.2-15.1) to 57.9 deaths (55.9-59.2) per 100 000 in 2017. Deaths from substance use disorders also increased, rising from 284 000 deaths (268 000-289 000) globally in 2007 to 352 000 (334 000-363 000) in 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, total deaths from conflict and terrorism increased by 118.0% (88.8-148.6). A greater reduction in total deaths and death rates was observed for some CMNN causes among children younger than 5 years than for older adults, such as a 36.4% (32.2-40.6) reduction in deaths from lower respiratory infections for children younger than 5 years compared with a 33.6% (31.2-36.1) increase in adults older than 70 years. Globally, the number of deaths was greater for men than for women at most ages in 2017, except at ages older than 85 years. Trends in global YLLs reflect an epidemiological transition, with decreases in total YLLs from enteric infections, respirator}, infections and tuberculosis, and maternal and neonatal disorders between 1990 and 2017; these were generally greater in magnitude at the lowest levels of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). At the same time, there were large increases in YLLs from neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. YLL rates decreased across the five leading Level 2 causes in all SDI quintiles. The leading causes of YLLs in 1990 neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhoeal diseases were ranked second, fourth, and fifth, in 2017. Meanwhile, estimated YLLs increased for ischaemic heart disease (ranked first in 2017) and stroke (ranked third), even though YLL rates decreased. Population growth contributed to increased total deaths across the 20 leading Level 2 causes of mortality between 2007 and 2017. Decreases in the cause-specific mortality rate reduced the effect of population growth for all but three causes: substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases. Interpretation Improvements in global health have been unevenly distributed among populations. Deaths due to injuries, substance use disorders, armed conflict and terrorism, neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease are expanding threats to global health. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups. Reductions in the death rate of some common diseases are themselves slowing or have ceased, primarily for NCDs, and the death rate for selected causes has increased in the past decade. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Prognosis for patients diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a paired case-control study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested that the occurrence of pregnancy concomitantly with a diagnosis of breast cancer may affect the evolution of the neoplasia. The present study aimed to compare pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) patients with non-pregnant cancer patients (controls) in relation to the time taken to diagnose the disease, tumor characteristics and mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective, paired case-control study was conducted at the Hospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia and Centro de Quimioterapia Antiblástica e Imunoterapia in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The study involved 87 PABC and 252 control patients. The influence of covariables (interval between first symptoms and diagnosis, tumor histology, size of primary tumor, distant metastasis, grade of malignancy, hormone receptor status and axillary lymph node involvement) and the pregnancy variable on overall survival was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The median overall survival for PABC patients of 30.1 months (95% confidence interval, CI: 19.4-40.9 months) was significantly different (P = 0.005) from that of the control group (53.1 months; 95% CI: 35.1-71.0 months). The cumulative overall survivals after five and ten years were, respectively, 29.7 and 19.2% for PABC patients, and 47.3 and 34.8% for control patients (P = 0.005). Tumor size, grade of malignancy, distant metastasis and pregnancy were independent factors that significantly modified disease prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy was an independent prognostic factor. The overall survival of PABC patients was shorter than that of non-pregnant patients

Toxoplasma gondii: isolation, biological and molecular characterisation of samples from free-range Gallus gallus domesticus from countryside Southeast Brazil

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii presents a high prevalence worldwide, infecting several animals. Felines are considered the definitive hosts and among the intermediate hosts we highlight mammals and birds. The man can become infected by ingesting tissue cysts present in birds and mammals. Biological and molecular aspects of T. gondii allows a better understanding of the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. This work is a serologic screening of 58 chickens grown (Gallus gallus domesticus) for human consumption in Espírito Santo State, by means of indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA). Thirteen chickens tested positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies. The heart and brain of five positive chickens were harvested, treated with pepsin and inoculated separately, in two Swiss mice, intraperitoneally. Tachyzoites were observed in the peritoneum of all the animals, between seven and 10 days after the inoculum. Ten isolates were obtained and biologically characterised in BALB/c mice inoculated with 101 to 104 tachyzoites. All isolates were classified as virulent or intermediately virulent. Isolates were genotyped by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, revealing three different genotypes. None of the isolates exhibited the clonal type I, II or III genotype. No genotypic differences were observed between the isolates from the brain or heart from the same bird

Toxoplasma gondii: isolation, biological and molecular characterisation of samples from free-range Gallus gallus domesticus from countryside Southeast Brazil

<div><p>Abstract Toxoplasma gondii presents a high prevalence worldwide, infecting several animals. Felines are considered the definitive hosts and among the intermediate hosts we highlight mammals and birds. The man can become infected by ingesting tissue cysts present in birds and mammals. Biological and molecular aspects of T. gondii allows a better understanding of the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. This work is a serologic screening of 58 chickens grown (Gallus gallus domesticus) for human consumption in Espírito Santo State, by means of indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA). Thirteen chickens tested positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies. The heart and brain of five positive chickens were harvested, treated with pepsin and inoculated separately, in two Swiss mice, intraperitoneally. Tachyzoites were observed in the peritoneum of all the animals, between seven and 10 days after the inoculum. Ten isolates were obtained and biologically characterised in BALB/c mice inoculated with 101 to 104 tachyzoites. All isolates were classified as virulent or intermediately virulent. Isolates were genotyped by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, revealing three different genotypes. None of the isolates exhibited the clonal type I, II or III genotype. No genotypic differences were observed between the isolates from the brain or heart from the same bird.</p></div