50 research outputs found
'I-I' and 'I-me' : Transposing Buber's interpersonal attitudes to the intrapersonal plane
Hermans' polyphonic model of the self proposes that dialogical relationships can be established between multiple I-positions1 (e.g., Hermans, 2001a). There have been few attempts, however, to explicitly characterize the forms that these intrapersonal relationships may take. Drawing on Buber's (1958) distinction between the 'I-Thou' and 'I-It' attitude, it is proposed that intrapersonal relationships can take one of two forms: an 'I-I' form, in which one I-position encounters and confirms another I-position in its uniqueness and wholeness; and an 'I-Me' form, in which one I-position experiences another I-position in a detached and objectifying way. This article argues that this I-Me form of intrapersonal relating is associated with psychological distress, and that this is so for a number of reasons: Most notably, because an individual who objectifies and subjugates certain I-position cannot reconnect with more central I-positions when dominance reversal (Hermans, 2001a) takes place. On this basis, it is suggested that a key role of the therapeutic process is to help clients become more able to experience moments of I-I intrapersonal encounter, and it is argued that this requires the therapist to confirm the client both as a whole and in terms of each of his or her different voices
Leading twist nuclear shadowing phenomena in hard processes with nuclei
We present and discuss the theory and phenomenology of the leading twist
theory of nuclear shadowing which is based on the combination of the
generalization of the Gribov-Glauber theory, QCD factorization theorems, and
the HERA QCD analysis of diffraction in lepton-proton deep inelastic scattering
(DIS). We apply this technique for the analysis of a wide range of hard
processes with nuclei---inclusive DIS on deuterons, medium-range and heavy
nuclei, coherent and incoherent diffractive DIS with nuclei, and hard
diffraction in proton-nucleus scattering---and make predictions for the effect
of nuclear shadowing in the corresponding sea quark and gluon parton
distributions. We also analyze the role of the leading twist nuclear shadowing
in generalized parton distributions in nuclei and in certain characteristics of
final states in nuclear DIS. We discuss the limits of applicability of the
leading twist approximation for small x scattering off nuclei and the onset of
the black disk regime and methods of detecting it. It will be possible to check
many of our predictions in the near future in the studies of the
ultraperipheral collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Further checks
will be possible in pA collisions at the LHC and forward hadron production at
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Detailed tests will be possible at
an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) in the USA and at the Large Hadron-Electron
Collider (LHeC) at CERN.Comment: 253 pages, 103 figures, 7 tables. The final published versio
Onset of Perturbative Color Opacity at Small x and Upsilon Coherent Photoproduction off heavy nuclei at LHC
We study photon-induced coherent production of Upsilon in ultraperipheral
heavy ion collisions at LHC and demonstrate that the counting rates will be
sufficient to measure nuclear shadowing of generalized gluon distributions.
This will establish the transition from the regime of color transparency to the
regime of perturbative color opacity in an unambiguous way. We argue that such
measurements will provide the possibility to investigate the interaction of
ultra-small color dipoles with nuclei in QCD at large energies, which are
beyond the reach of the electron-nucleon (nucleus) colliders, and will
unambiguously discriminate between the leading twist and higher twist scenarios
of gluon nuclear shadowing.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
Photoproduction of J/psi and of high mass e+e- in ultra-peripheral Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
We present the first measurement of photoproduction of J/psi and of
two-photon production of high-mass e+e- pairs in electromagnetic (or
ultra-peripheral) nucleus-nucleus interactions, using Au+Au data at sqrt(s_NN)
= 200 GeV. The events are tagged with forward neutrons emitted following
Coulomb excitation of one or both Au^{star} nuclei. The event sample consists
of 28 events with m_{e+e-} > 2 GeV/c^2 with zero like-sign background. The
measured cross sections at midrapidity of d\sigma / dy (J/psi + Xn, y=0) = 76
+/- 33 (stat) +/- 11 (syst) micro b and d^2\sigma/dm dy (e^+e^- + Xn, y=0) = 86
+/- 23 (stat) +/- 16 (syst) micro b/(GeV/c^2) for m_{e+e-} \in [2.0,2.8]
GeV/c^2 are consistent with various theoretical predictions.Comment: 345 authors from 52 institutions, 20 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables.
Submitted to Physics Letters B. Plain text data tables for the points plotted
in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be)
publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm
RNAi for Treating Hepatitis B Viral Infection
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current treatment strategies of HBV infection including the use of interferon (IFN)-α and nucleotide analogues such as lamivudine and adefovir have met with only partial success. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more effective antiviral therapies that can clear HBV infection with fewer side effects. RNA interference (RNAi), by which a small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces the gene silence at a post-transcriptional level, has the potential of treating HBV infection. The successful use of chemically synthesized siRNA, endogenous expression of small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or microRNA (miRNA) to silence the target gene make this technology towards a potentially rational therapeutics for HBV infection. However, several challenges including poor siRNA stability, inefficient cellular uptake, widespread biodistribution and non-specific effects need to be overcome. In this review, we discuss several strategies for improving the anti-HBV therapeutic efficacy of siRNAs, while avoiding their off-target effects and immunostimulation. There is an in-depth discussion on the (1) mechanisms of RNAi, (2) methods for siRNA/shRNA production, (3) barriers to RNAi-based therapies, and (4) delivery strategies of siRNA for treating HBV infection
HERA Collider Physics
HERA, the first electron-proton collider, has been delivering luminosity
since 1992. It is the natural extension of an impressive series of fixed-target
lepton-nucleon scattering experiments. The increase of a factor ten in
center-of-mass energy over that available for fixed-target experiments has
allowed the discovery of several important results, such as the large number of
slow partons in the proton, and the sizeable diffractive cross section at large
. Recent data point to a possible deviation from Standard Model
expectations at very high , highlighting the physics potential of HERA for
new effects. The HERA program is currently in a transition period. The first
six years of data taking have primarily elucidated the structure of the proton,
allowed detailed QCD studies and had a strong impact on the understanding of
QCD dynamics. The coming years will bring the era of electroweak studies and
high measurements. This is therefore an appropriate juncture at which to
review HERA results.Comment: 351 pages, 154 figures, submitted to Reviews of Modern Physic