Chemical profile and antibacterial activity of acetone extract of Homalomena cochinchinensis Engl. (Araceae)

Homalomena cochinchinensis Engl. is a rare species which is found in Southern China, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam and its chemical constituents and bioactivity have not been determined yet. In this study, we identified 32 and 38 compounds in acetone extracts of H. cochinchinensis aerial part and rhizome, respectively via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main constituents of acetone extract of the aerial part were 3-((4Z,7Z)-Heptadeca-4,7-dien-1-yl)phenol (18.73%); cis-9,cis-12-Octadecadienoic acid (12.04%); linolenic acid (11.08%); n-Hexadecanoic acid (10.13%); (Z)-3-(Heptadec-10-en-1-yl)phenol (7.09%); ?-Sitosterol (5.58%) and linalool (5.56%). On the other hand, acetone extract of rhizome contained linalool (28.42%); 1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-acetate (10.13%); 3-((4Z,7Z)-Heptadeca-4,7-dien-1-yl)phenol (5.28%); 3-Buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl)- (5.28%) and 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-butyric acid (4.54%). Furthermore, this study has also proved the antibacterial activity of acetone extracts from the aerial part and the rhizome of this species for the first time using disk diffusion method. The results showed that the extract of the aerial part could inhibit the growth of 5 out of a total 6 bacterial strains, including Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus; while the susceptible strains to the rhizome extract were 5 strains, such as B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and S. aureus. The findings suggest the further application of this species in pharmacology and medicine

Effectiveness of perindopril/amlodipine fixed-dose combination in the treatment of hypertension: a systematic review

Background: Uncontrolled blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapy offers a promising approach to addressing this challenge by providing a convenient single-tablet solution that enhances the effectiveness of blood pressure control. In our systematic review, we assess the effectiveness of perindopril/amlodipine FDC in managing blood pressure.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across four primary electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Global Health Library (GHL), and Google Scholar, as of 8 February 2022. Additionally, we performed a manual search to find relevant articles. The quality of the selected articles was evaluated using the Study Quality Assessment Tools (SQAT) checklist from the National Institute of Health and the ROB2 tool from Cochrane.Results: Our systematic review included 17 eligible articles. The findings show that the use of perindopril/amlodipine FDC significantly lowers blood pressure and enhances the quality of blood pressure control. Compared to the comparison group, the perindopril/amlodipine combination tablet resulted in a higher rate of blood pressure response and normalization. Importantly, perindopril/amlodipine FDC contributes to improved patient adherence with minimal side effects. However, studies conducted to date have not provided assessments of the cost-effectiveness of perindopril/amlodipine FDC.Conclusion: In summary, our analysis confirms the effectiveness of perindopril/amlodipine FDC in lowering blood pressure, with combination therapy outperforming monotherapy and placebo. Although mild adverse reactions were observed in a small subset of participants, cost-effectiveness assessments for this treatment remain lacking in the literature

Pharmacists’ Perspectives on the Use of Telepharmacy in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Introduction: Telepharmacy, the application of information and communication technologies in healthcare services, has been adopted in many countries to provide patients with pharmaceutical care. However, it has yet to be widely used in Vietnam. This study was conducted to assess the current status of use and the factors associated with the willingness to use telepharmacy of pharmacists in Vietnam. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2021; 414 pharmacists were recruited to fill in an online survey. Results: Overall, 86.7% of participants have used telepharmacy application and 87.2% of them were willing to apply telepharmacy in pharmacy practice. According to our multivariate analysis, the level of readiness was associated with positive attitude (odds ratio [OR] = 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.26-9.66), and a good behavior (OR = 11.34; 95% CI: 3.84-33.45). Discussion: Developing a telepharmacy system with appropriate features is essential to meet the requirements of pharmacy practice amid the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively. Funding The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38)

Complexe de fer(III) semi-hémique bioinspiré pour les réactions chimiques et photochimiques de transfert d'atome d'oxygène

Hydrocarbon oxidation is a real challenging chemical transformation both in biology and chemistry. Highly oxidized metal-oxo species are the active intermediates to perform these transformations. In this manuscript we report the synthesis and characterization of an iron(III) complex supported by a non-innocent hemi-porphyrinic ligand, constructed with a dipyrrin fragment and two pyridine functions. The iron(III) complexes have been prepared and characterized, with a focus on their electrochemical behavior and their potential use as catalysts in the activation of green oxygen source such as dioxygen and water for hydrocarbon oxidation. We found that these complexes can catalyze the oxidation of a fair variety of substrates using oxidant agent such as iodosylbenzene. Intriguingly, our gathered results point to a reactivity pattern that stems from a low-oxidation state iron species. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Mössbauer analyses support a high spin iron(III) reactive species. Furthermore, data from mass spectrometry and Infra-red spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations helped us to propose the chemical formulation of this chemically generated intermediate where the ligand has been reversibly oxidized. Additionally, these complexes were used as catalysts in a photocatalytic system using a reversible electron acceptor to preclude the “evil necessity” of a sacrificial electron donor. Our study provides a new paradigm to perform photoinduced oxygen atom transfer reactions with solely light as energy input and O₂ as oxygen atom source in aqueous solution.L’oxydation des hydrocarbures est une transformation chimique difficile aussi bien en biologie qu’en chimie. Les espèces active métal-oxo en de haut degré d’oxydation sont des intermédiaires capables d’effectuer ces transformations. Dans ce manuscrit, nous rapportons la synthèse et la caractérisation d'un complexe de fer (III) supporté par un ligand hémi-porphyrinique non innocent, construit avec un fragment dipyrrine et deux fonctions pyridines. Les complexes de fer (III) ont été préparés et caractérisés, en mettant l'accent sur leur comportement électrochimique et leur utilisation potentielle en tant que catalyseurs pouvant achiver des sources d'oxygène vertes telles que le dioxygène et l'eau en vue d’oxyder des hydrocarbures. Nous avons constaté que ces complexes peuvent catalyser l'oxydation d'une grande variété de substrats en utilisant un agent oxydant tel que l'iodosylbenzène. Curieusement, nos résultats rassemblés suggèrent un schéma de réactivité qui découle d’une espèce de fer de bas degré d’oxydation. Les analyses de résonance paramagnétique électronique et de Mössbauer confirment l'existence d'une espèce réactive de fer (III) haut spin. De plus, les données de spectrométrie de masse et de spectroscopie infrarouge appuyées par des calculs de DFT nous ont aidés à proposer la formulation chimique de cet intermédiaire généré chimiquement où le ligand a été oxydé de manière réversible. En outre, ces complexes ont été utilisés comme catalyseurs dans un système photocatalytique utilisant un accepteur d'électron réversible permettant d'éviter le recours néfaste à un donneur d'électrons sacrificiel. Notre étude fournit un nouveau paradigme pour effectuer des réactions photoinduites de transfert d'atome d'oxygène utilisant la lumière comme la source d'énergie et de l'O₂ comme la source d'atome d'oxygène en solution aqueuse

Complexe de fer(III) semi-hémique bioinspiré pour les réactions chimiques et photochimiques de transfert d'atome d'oxygène

L’oxydation des hydrocarbures est une transformation chimique difficile aussi bien en biologie qu’en chimie. Les espèces active métal-oxo en de haut degré d’oxydation sont des intermédiaires capables d’effectuer ces transformations. Dans ce manuscrit, nous rapportons la synthèse et la caractérisation d'un complexe de fer (III) supporté par un ligand hémi-porphyrinique non innocent, construit avec un fragment dipyrrine et deux fonctions pyridines. Les complexes de fer (III) ont été préparés et caractérisés, en mettant l'accent sur leur comportement électrochimique et leur utilisation potentielle en tant que catalyseurs pouvant achiver des sources d'oxygène vertes telles que le dioxygène et l'eau en vue d’oxyder des hydrocarbures. Nous avons constaté que ces complexes peuvent catalyser l'oxydation d'une grande variété de substrats en utilisant un agent oxydant tel que l'iodosylbenzène. Curieusement, nos résultats rassemblés suggèrent un schéma de réactivité qui découle d’une espèce de fer de bas degré d’oxydation. Les analyses de résonance paramagnétique électronique et de Mössbauer confirment l'existence d'une espèce réactive de fer (III) haut spin. De plus, les données de spectrométrie de masse et de spectroscopie infrarouge appuyées par des calculs de DFT nous ont aidés à proposer la formulation chimique de cet intermédiaire généré chimiquement où le ligand a été oxydé de manière réversible. En outre, ces complexes ont été utilisés comme catalyseurs dans un système photocatalytique utilisant un accepteur d'électron réversible permettant d'éviter le recours néfaste à un donneur d'électrons sacrificiel. Notre étude fournit un nouveau paradigme pour effectuer des réactions photoinduites de transfert d'atome d'oxygène utilisant la lumière comme la source d'énergie et de l'O₂ comme la source d'atome d'oxygène en solution aqueuse.Hydrocarbon oxidation is a real challenging chemical transformation both in biology and chemistry. Highly oxidized metal-oxo species are the active intermediates to perform these transformations. In this manuscript we report the synthesis and characterization of an iron(III) complex supported by a non-innocent hemi-porphyrinic ligand, constructed with a dipyrrin fragment and two pyridine functions. The iron(III) complexes have been prepared and characterized, with a focus on their electrochemical behavior and their potential use as catalysts in the activation of green oxygen source such as dioxygen and water for hydrocarbon oxidation. We found that these complexes can catalyze the oxidation of a fair variety of substrates using oxidant agent such as iodosylbenzene. Intriguingly, our gathered results point to a reactivity pattern that stems from a low-oxidation state iron species. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Mössbauer analyses support a high spin iron(III) reactive species. Furthermore, data from mass spectrometry and Infra-red spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations helped us to propose the chemical formulation of this chemically generated intermediate where the ligand has been reversibly oxidized. Additionally, these complexes were used as catalysts in a photocatalytic system using a reversible electron acceptor to preclude the “evil necessity” of a sacrificial electron donor. Our study provides a new paradigm to perform photoinduced oxygen atom transfer reactions with solely light as energy input and O₂ as oxygen atom source in aqueous solution

Complexe de fer(III) semi-hémique bioinspiré pour les réactions chimiques et photochimiques de transfert d'atome d'oxygène

Hydrocarbon oxidation is a real challenging chemical transformation both in biology and chemistry. Highly oxidized metal-oxo species are the active intermediates to perform these transformations. In this manuscript we report the synthesis and characterization of an iron(III) complex supported by a non-innocent hemi-porphyrinic ligand, constructed with a dipyrrin fragment and two pyridine functions. The iron(III) complexes have been prepared and characterized, with a focus on their electrochemical behavior and their potential use as catalysts in the activation of green oxygen source such as dioxygen and water for hydrocarbon oxidation. We found that these complexes can catalyze the oxidation of a fair variety of substrates using oxidant agent such as iodosylbenzene. Intriguingly, our gathered results point to a reactivity pattern that stems from a low-oxidation state iron species. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Mössbauer analyses support a high spin iron(III) reactive species. Furthermore, data from mass spectrometry and Infra-red spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations helped us to propose the chemical formulation of this chemically generated intermediate where the ligand has been reversibly oxidized. Additionally, these complexes were used as catalysts in a photocatalytic system using a reversible electron acceptor to preclude the “evil necessity” of a sacrificial electron donor. Our study provides a new paradigm to perform photoinduced oxygen atom transfer reactions with solely light as energy input and O₂ as oxygen atom source in aqueous solution.L’oxydation des hydrocarbures est une transformation chimique difficile aussi bien en biologie qu’en chimie. Les espèces active métal-oxo en de haut degré d’oxydation sont des intermédiaires capables d’effectuer ces transformations. Dans ce manuscrit, nous rapportons la synthèse et la caractérisation d'un complexe de fer (III) supporté par un ligand hémi-porphyrinique non innocent, construit avec un fragment dipyrrine et deux fonctions pyridines. Les complexes de fer (III) ont été préparés et caractérisés, en mettant l'accent sur leur comportement électrochimique et leur utilisation potentielle en tant que catalyseurs pouvant achiver des sources d'oxygène vertes telles que le dioxygène et l'eau en vue d’oxyder des hydrocarbures. Nous avons constaté que ces complexes peuvent catalyser l'oxydation d'une grande variété de substrats en utilisant un agent oxydant tel que l'iodosylbenzène. Curieusement, nos résultats rassemblés suggèrent un schéma de réactivité qui découle d’une espèce de fer de bas degré d’oxydation. Les analyses de résonance paramagnétique électronique et de Mössbauer confirment l'existence d'une espèce réactive de fer (III) haut spin. De plus, les données de spectrométrie de masse et de spectroscopie infrarouge appuyées par des calculs de DFT nous ont aidés à proposer la formulation chimique de cet intermédiaire généré chimiquement où le ligand a été oxydé de manière réversible. En outre, ces complexes ont été utilisés comme catalyseurs dans un système photocatalytique utilisant un accepteur d'électron réversible permettant d'éviter le recours néfaste à un donneur d'électrons sacrificiel. Notre étude fournit un nouveau paradigme pour effectuer des réactions photoinduites de transfert d'atome d'oxygène utilisant la lumière comme la source d'énergie et de l'O₂ comme la source d'atome d'oxygène en solution aqueuse

A Reversible Electron Relay to Exclude Sacrificial Electron Donors in the Photocatalytic Oxygen Atom Transfer Reaction with O2 in Water

International audienceUsing light energy and O2 for the direct chemical oxidation of organic substrates is a major challenge. A limitation is the use of sacrificial electron donors to activate O2 by reductive quenching of the photosensitizer, generating undesirable side products. A reversible electron acceptor, methyl viologen, can act as electron shuttle to oxidatively quench the photosensitizer, [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ , generating the highly oxidized chromophore and the powerful reductant methyl-viologen radical MV+. . MV+. can then reduce an iron(III) catalyst to the iron(II) form and concomitantly O2 to O2.- in an aqueous medium to generate an active iron(III)-(hydro)peroxo species. The oxidized photosensitizer is reset to its ground state by oxidizing an alkene substrate to an alkenyl radical cation. Closing the loop, the reaction of the iron reactive intermediate with the substrate or its radical cation leads to the formation of two oxygenated compounds, the diol and the aldehyde following two different pathways