ÉTICA E MEIOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO DE MASSA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A CONCEPÇÃO DE INFÂNCIA NO JORNAL GAZETA DO POVO

34 on the contrary, they show signs of being restrictive. The analysis of intentionality reveals that economicalbenefits are put in the first place in the priority of the publicity and also in the massive exploration of pieceswith sensationalistic proposals. Latent intentions were revealed by the presence of forms of operation of theideology in the pieces. The addresses were treated in a homogenized form, and references to questions ofrace, gender and age were practically absent, and without promoting participation. The values promotedby the media were much more instruments for passivity and dependence than for well-being. The sociopoliticalposture of the professionals of communication, besides not presenting neutrality, was aligned withthe pole of power, and not with its opposite. On the methodology used, the forms of persuasion andideological diffusion were present in the texts. Regarding the moral consciousness of the professionalsof communication, it can be affirmed that the ethical code of journalists was not followed. The datacollected allows only an approximation to the ethical assignments of the producers of the pieces, and totheir responsibility. To this purpose, the conception of language as a producer of social facts seems notto be an object of reflection.Keywords: childhood; mass communication media; ethics.RESUMENLa investigación ha tratado del concepto de infancia difundido por el periódico paranaense Gazeta do Povoy de la “calidad ética” de los reportajes analizados. Fueron catalogadas las piezas periodísticas publicadas enel mes de noviembre de 2000 que conteniesen la palabra ‘infancia’ o similares en el título, o también, en lotres primeros párrafos, incluso aún las que no se encuadraban en ese criterio, pero fueron así consideradaspor tratarse directamente de la infancia. Fueron analizadas 119 piezas. La metodología de análisis fue lapropuesta por Thompson, constando de tres niveles: descripción del contexto de producción, análisis delcontenido, e interpretación y reinterpretación. Las cuestiones éticas formuladas por Sánchez Vidal fueronutilizadas para la interpretación de las pautas éticas de los mensajes publicados sobre la infancia. Sobre lalibertad, el contexto de producción revela una influencia acentuada del poder público local en la produccióndel periódico, y en el análisis de los mensajes no se puede percibir el aumento del grado de libertad de laspersonas, por el contrario, nos dan muestras de seren restrictivas. El análisis de la intencionalidad revelaque los beneficios económicos son colocados en primer plan, tanto por la prioridad a la publicidad, cuantopor la exploración masiva de piezas con propuestas sensacionalistas. Intenciones latentes quedaron explícitaspor la presencia de formas de operación de la ideología en las piezas. Los destinatarios fueron tratados deforma homogeneizada, con referencias prácticamente ausentes a las cuestiones de raza, género y edad, sino afomentar la participación. Los valores promovidos por la comunicación fueron mucho más instrumentosde pasividad y dependencia que del bien-estar. La postura socio-política de los comunicadores, allá deno presentaren neutralidad, fueron aliñadas con el polo del poder, y no con su opuesto. Lo que concierne ala metodología utilizada, las formas de persuasión y difusión ideológica estuvieron presentes en los textos.A respecto de la consciencia moral de los comunicadores, se puede afirmar que el código de ética delos periodistas no fue seguido. Los datos levantados permiten sólo una aproximación a las pautas éticas delos productores de las piezas, y a su responsabilidad. En ese propósito, la concepción del lenguaje comoproductor de los fatos sociales parece no ser objeto de reflexión.This research investigated the concept of childhood spread by the newspaper from Paraná Gazeta do Povoand the “ethical quality” of the analyzed reports. The cataloguing process of this study included journalisticpieces from the month of November 2000 which had the word “childhood” or synonyms in the title oron the three first paragraphs, or if they did not fit into this criterion, they were considered as treating thechildhood directly. Under this criterion 119 pieces were analyzed. The methodology of analysis was the oneproposed by Thompson, including three levels: description of the context of production, content analysis,and interpretation and reinterpretation. The ethical matters formulated by Sánchez Vidal were used for theinterpretation of the ethical release of the messages published about childhood. On freedom, the context ofproduction reveals an accentuated influence of the local public power in the production of the newspaper, andfrom the analysis of the messages it was not possible to find an increase on the level of freedom of people, 34 on the contrary, they show signs of being restrictive. The analysis of intentionality reveals that economicalbenefits are put in the first place in the priority of the publicity and also in the massive exploration of pieceswith sensationalistic proposals. Latent intentions were revealed by the presence of forms of operation of theideology in the pieces. The addresses were treated in a homogenized form, and references to questions ofrace, gender and age were practically absent, and without promoting participation. The values promotedby the media were much more instruments for passivity and dependence than for well-being. The sociopoliticalposture of the professionals of communication, besides not presenting neutrality, was aligned withthe pole of power, and not with its opposite. On the methodology used, the forms of persuasion andideological diffusion were present in the texts. Regarding the moral consciousness of the professionalsof communication, it can be affirmed that the ethical code of journalists was not followed. The datacollected allows only an approximation to the ethical assignments of the producers of the pieces, and totheir responsibility. To this purpose, the conception of language as a producer of social facts seems notto be an object of reflection.A pesquisa tratou do conceito de infância difundido pelo jornal paranaense Gazeta do Povo e da “qualidadeética” das reportagens analisadas. Foram catalogadas as peças jornalísticas publicadas no mês de novembrode 2000 que grafavam a palavra infância ou similares no título ou nos três primeiros parágrafos, ou ainda asque não se enquadravam neste critério, mas foram consideradas como tratando diretamente da infância. Sobestes critérios, foram analisadas 119 peças. A metodologia de análise foi a proposta por Thompson, constandode três níveis: descrição do contexto de produção, análise de conteúdo, e interpretação e reinterpretação.As questões éticas formuladas por Sánchez Vidal foram utilizadas para interpretação das pautas éticas dasmensagens publicadas sobre infância. Sobre a liberdade, o contexto de produção revela uma influênciaacentuada do poder público local na produção do jornal, e da análise das mensagens não se pode percebero aumento do grau de liberdade das pessoas, pelo contrário, dão mostra de serem restritivas. A análiseda intencionalidade revela que os benefícios econômicos são colocados em primeiro plano, tanto pelaprioridade à publicidade, quanto pela exploração massiva de peças com propostas sensacionalistas. Intençõeslatentes ficaram explícitas pela presença de formas de operação da ideologia nas peças. Os destinatáriosforam tratados de forma homogeneizada, com referências praticamente ausentes a questões de raça,gênero e idade, e sem fomentar a participação. Os valores promovidos pela comunicação forammuito mais instrumentos de passividade e dependência que de bem-estar. A postura sociopolítica doscomunicadores, além de não apresentar a neutralidade, foi alinhada com o pólo de poder, e não com seuoposto. Sobre a metodologia utilizada, as formas de persuasão e difusão ideológica estiveram presentesnos textos. A respeito da consciência moral dos comunicadores, pode-se afirmar que o código de éticados jornalistas não foi seguido. Os dados levantados permitem somente uma aproximação às pautas éticasdos produtores das peças, e à sua responsabilidade. A este propósito, a concepção da linguagem comoprodutora de fatos sociais parece não ser objeto de reflexão

O sistemismo de Bunge como base teórico-metodológica para pesquisa em Ciência da Informação

This paper aims at bringing Mario Bunge's theoretical contributions to the scientific enterprise into the realm of Information Science. The study is justified by the area's interdisciplinary nature and its constant need for interaction with other knowledge areas. It is a theoretical essay based on the analysis of information science concepts and on Bunge's systemism. We further extend the study with the application of fundamentals of systemism in two related studies, one descriptive, other explanatory, on institutional repositories, thus exemplifying research conduction under the fundamental epistemic operation in systemism: the reduction to the system

O sistemismo de Bunge como base teórico-metodológica para pesquisa em Ciência da Informação

This paper aims at bringing Mario Bunge's theoretical contributions to the scientific enterprise into the realm of Information Science. The study is justified by the area's interdisciplinary nature and its constant need for interaction with other knowledge areas. It is a theoretical essay based on the analysis of information science concepts and on Bunge's systemism. We further extend the study with the application of fundamentals of systemism in two related studies, one descriptive, other explanatory, on institutional repositories, thus exemplifying research conduction under the fundamental epistemic operation in systemism: the reduction to the system

The F1F3 Recombinant Chimera of Leishmania donovani-Nucleoside Hydrolase (NH36) and Its Epitopes Induce Cross-Protection Against Leishmania (V.) braziliensis Infection in Mice

Leishmania (V.) braziliensis is the etiological agent of Cutaneous (CL) and Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML) in the New World. CL can be more benign but ML can be severe and disfiguring. Immunity to these diseases include hypersensitivity, an enhanced inflammatory response with strong IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion. Additionally, the production of IL-10 which down modulates the immune response is reduced. The Nucleoside hydrolase (NH36) of Leishmania (L.) donovani is the main antigen of the Leishmune veterinary vaccine and its F3 domain induces a CD4+ T cell-mediated protection against L. (L.) infantum chagasi infection. Prevention of L. (L.) amazonensis infection requires in contrast an additional CD8+ T cell mediated response induced by the F1 domain. Consequently, the F1F3 recombinant chimera, which contains both domains cloned in tandem, optimized the vaccine efficacy against L. (L.) amazonensis mouse infection. We compared the efficacies of NH36, F1, F3, and the FIF3 chimera against L. (V.) braziliensis mouse infection. The F1F3 chimera increased the NH36 specific IgA and response before and after infection and the IgG and IgG3 levels after challenge. It also induced a 49% stronger intradermal response to leishmanial antigen (IDR) than NH36 that was positively correlated to the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α, IgG, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 anti-NH36 antibodies. However, stronger Th1 responses with elevated IFN-γ/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios were promoted by the F3 and F1 vaccines and detected in infected controls while the F1F3 chimera promoted the highest IL-10 secretion, which reduced the pathological Th1 response, and characterized the induction of a mixed and/or T-cell regulatory response. We identified the epitopes responsible for these immune responses. The F3 vaccine induced the earliest immunity and after challenge, the F1F3 chimera promoted the highest CD4+ and CD8+ cytokine-secreting T cell responses, and the predominant frequencies of multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+IL-2+TNF-α+IFN-γ+ T cells. Also as observed against L. (L.) amazonensis infection, the F1F3 chimera showed the strongest reduction of the ear lesions sizes induced by L. (V.) braziliensis. Our results confirm the potential use of the F1F3 chimera in a multi-species cross-protective vaccine against L. (V.) braziliensis

Chemical Composition and Botanical Origin of Red Propolis, a New Type of Brazilian Propolis

Red propolis is a new type of Brazilian propolis. This material, as well as the secretions of 20 plant species that are often mentioned as its probable botanical source, have been investigated by RP-HPTLC. Phytochemical evidence based on UV-VIS spectra, RP-HPLC and GC-MS, showed Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taub. to be the main source of red propolis in Alagoas state. The propolis and plant resin showed high relative percentages of the isoflavonoids 3-Hydroxy-8,9-dimethoxypterocarpan and medicarpin. To our knowledge this is the first report of the secretion of a leguminous species being the source of propolis

Physicochemical properties and cell viability of shrimp chitosan films as affected by film casting solvents. I-potential use as wound dressing

: Chitosan solubility in aqueous organic acids has been widely investigated. However, most of the previous works have been done with plasticized chitosan films and using acetic acid as the film casting solvent. In addition, the properties of these films varied among studies, since they are influenced by different factors such as the chitin source used to produce chitosan, the processing variables involved in the conversion of chitin into chitosan, chitosan properties, types of acids used to dissolve chitosan, types and amounts of plasticizers and the film preparation method. Therefore, this work aimed to prepare chitosan films by the solvent casting method, using chitosan derived from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp shell waste, and five different organic acids (acetic, lactic, maleic, tartaric, and citric acids) without plasticizer, in order to evaluate the effect of organic acid type and chitosan source on physicochemical properties, degradation and cytotoxicity of these chitosan films. The goal was to select the best suited casting solvent to develop wound dressing from shrimp chitosan films. Shrimp chitosan films were analyzed in terms of their qualitative assessment, thickness, water vapor permeability (WVP), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), wettability, tensile properties, degradation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cytotoxicity towards human fibroblasts using the resazurin reduction method. Regardless of the acid type employed in film preparation, all films were transparent and slightly yellowish, presented homogeneous surfaces, and the thickness was compatible with the epidermis thickness. However, only the ones prepared with maleic acid presented adequate characteristics of WVP, WVTR, wettability, degradability, cytotoxicity and good tensile properties for future application as a wound dressing material. The findings of this study contributed not only to select the best suited casting solvent to develop chitosan films for wound dressing but also to normalize a solubilization protocol for chitosan, derived from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp shell waste, which can be used in the pharmaceutical industry.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efeitos dos exercícios pilates na função do tronco e na dor de pacientes com lombalgia / Effects of pilates exercices on trunk function and pain in patients with low back pain

Introdução: Evidências científi cas atuais apontam que a falta de resistência da musculatura lombar é o principal fator para desenvolvimento das dores lombares. O exercício físico em geral tem se mostrado benéfi co para recuperação da funcionalidade bem como para melhora dos sintomas clínicos dos pacientes com lombalgia crônica. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um treinamento físico por meio dos exercícios de Pilates de solo nas variáveis de dor, flexibilidade, equilíbrio, força e resistência dos músculos lombares em pacientes com lombalgia de origem desconhecida. Método: Foram avaliados 12 pacientes com lombalgia crônica (idade média de 33 anos), que realizaram um período de treinamento com o método tradicional de 13 exercícios Pilates (básico e intermediário no mat), duas vezes na semana, com duração de uma hora, durante um total de 11 semanas. As principais medidas de resultados analisadas pré- e pós-treinamento Pilates foram: (1) flexibilidade (Banco de Wells), (2) equilíbrio unipodal (plataforma de força), (3) força lombar (dinamometria), (4) resistência lombar (teste de Sorensen), e dor (Escala Visual Analógica: EVA). Resultados: A amostra fi nal do estudo foi de quatro voluntários devido à perda experimental. Os resultados mostraram uma diminuição significativa da dor (P < 0.05), mas nenhuma diferença significativa entre pré- e pós-treinamento Pilates para as demais variáveis, apesar da leve melhora na fl exibilidade e força. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo apresentaram efeitos benéfi cos do treinamento Pilates para diminuir os sintomas de dor. Entretanto, novos estudos com maior número amostral devem ser realizados para melhor estabelecer os protocolos de exercícios Pilates em pacientes com lombalgia crônica. Introduction: Scientific evidences report that poor back muscle endurance is the most risk factor for developing low back pain. Overall, physical exercise has been effective to recovery of the functioning as well as to improve the clinical symptoms of patients with low back pain. Objective: To assess the effects of Pilates training on mat in variables of flexibility, balance, strength and endurance of the lumbar extensor muscles in patients with low back pain unknown. Method: 16 patients with chronic low back pain (mean age 33 yrs) performed a training program with a mat method of 13 Pilates exercises (basic and intermediate), 2 x a week for a session of approximately 1h, during 11 weeks. The main outcome measures analyzed before (pre-) and post-Pilates training were: fl exibility (sit-and-reach during a Wells test), unipodal support (under a force platform), strength (lumbar dynamometer) and endurance (Sorensen test) of lumbar muscles and pain (VAS). Results: Significant decrease of the pain was found (P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were found for other variables analyzing in pre- and post-training, although the slight improvement in the flexibility and strength. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed the effi cacy of the Pilates exercises to decrease pain. However, more studies would be conducted using much more subjects to establish better standardization of Pilates exercises in patients with low back pain

Análise dos riscos de segurança nos laboratórios de Química da rede pública e particular de ensino em Caruaru-PE.

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LINGUAGEM: MÚSICA, ARTE, CULTURA E INFLUÊNCIA NO EMI, CAMPUS CHAPECÓ

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa com a finalidade de analisar de forma científica a música como forma de linguagem e expressão artística e a influência que ela exerce nos alunos do Ensino Médio Integrado,IF-SC Campus Chapecó