Cartridge syringe vs computer controlled local anesthetic delivery system: pain related behaviour over two sequential visits – a randomized controlled trial

Background: Local anesthetic injection is one of the most anxiety provoking procedure in dentistry. Knowledge about change in pain related behaviour during consecutive visits helps in and scheduling of treatment procedures and management of children in dental clinic. Aim: To compare the pain perception, behavioural response and the associated change in physiological parameters while receiving local anesthesia injection with cartridge syringe and computer controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD) over two consecutive visits. Material and Methods: In this randomized controlled cross over trial, 120 children aged 7 – 11 years were randomly divided into group A: receiving injections with CCLAD during first visit; group B: receiving injections with cartridge syringe during first visit. The physiological parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) were recorded before and during injection procedure. Objective evaluation of disruptive behaviour and subjective evaluation of pain perceived were done using Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) scale and modified facial image scale (FIS) respectively. Results: No statistical difference in pain response ( p = 0.164) and disruptive behaviour ( p = 0.120) between cartridge syringe and CCLAD injections were seen during the first visit although the latter showed lesser scores. However, during the second visit there were significant increase in pain response ( p = 0.004) and disruptive behaviour ( p = 0.006) in cartridge syringe group with an associated increase in heart rate. Conclusions: Injections with CCLAD produced lesser pain ratings and disruptive behaviour than cartridge syringe in children irrespective of order of visi

HRI – "In the wild” In Rural India: A Feasibility Study

This work was conducted to investigate the technological acceptance and social perception of a robot helper in a rural context. A feasibility study was carried out in a rural village in India with 11 participants with a water carrying task for the robot. A strong cultural influence was found in terms of gender perception of the robot, most participants perceived the robot’s gender as a female despite of the robot having a male’s voice. The overall social perception and usefulness of the robot was observed to be positive. We report some initial results and also some practical and logistical challenges while running such studies “in the wild” with rural subjects in this paper

Bacteriospermia and Its Impact on Basic Semen Parameters among Infertile Men

Introduction. Semen analysis is considered as the surrogate marker for male fecundity while assessing infertile men. There are several reasons for altered semen quality and bacteriospermia could be one among them. Thereby the aim of our work is to study the semen culture and its impact on semen parameters among infertile men. Materials and Methods. Semen samples were collected from men attending infertility clinic. Semen parameters were analysed based on WHO guidelines. Also, samples were subjected to culture using standard bacteriological techniques. Results. A total of 85 samples were collected. A number of 47 (55.30%) had normal sperm count, 37 (43.50%) had oligozoospermia, and one (1.17%) had azoospermia. Teratozoospermia was the most common abnormality observed (81.17%) followed by asthenozoospermia (28.23%). The prevalence of bacteriospermia was 35.3%. Enterococcus faecalis (30%) was the most common organism isolated followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (23.33%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and E. coli (10%). Other less frequently isolated organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.66%), Proteus sp. (6.66%), and Citrobacter sp. (3.33%). Conclusion. The presence of asymptomatic bacteriospermia did not correlate with abnormal semen parameters

Application of tethered ruthenium catalysts to asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones, and the selective Hydrogenation of aldehydes

An improved method for the synthesis of tethered ruthenium(II) complexes of monosulfonylated diamines is described, together with their application to the hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes. The complexes were applied directly, in their chloride form, to asymmetric ketone hydrogenation, to give products in excess of 99% ee in the best cases, using 30 bar of hydrogen at 60 °C, and to the selective reduction of aldehydes over other functional groups

Synthesis, characterization of Ag doped CdS-WO2 nanocomposite and effects of photocatalytic degradation in RhB under visible light irradiation

In this paper, the highly stable Ag/CdS-WO2 nanocomposite was fabricated by a facile and capping agent-free hydrothermal technique. The fabricated Ag-doped CdS-WO2 nanocomposite was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance (DRS) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of synthesized photocatalysts was evaluated for the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation (VLI). The parameters used for the optimization of the photocatalyst were pH, catalyst dose, oxidant dose, and irradiation time. Based on this, a possible reaction mechanism for the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of Ag/CdS-WO2 has been proposed. Hence, we have a tendency to believe it might be a promising material that may be used for the photodegradation of organic pollutants present in wastewater

Synthesis and Characterization of New Dicationic Dihydrogen Complexes of Ruthenium

A series of new dicationic dihydrogen complexes of the type trans-$[Ru(\eta^2-H_2)(L)(dppm)_2][X]_2 (L=CH_3CN, CH_2=CHCN, C_6H_5CN, C_6H-5NC, CO; X 5 BF_4, OTf; dppm = Ph_2PCH_2PPh_2)$ have been prepared by protonating the precursor hydrides using either $HBF_4 . Et_2O or HOTf$. The variable temperature spinlattice relaxation times $(T_1, ms)$ and the H, D coupling constants of the $\eta^2-HD$ isotopomers indicate the intact nature of the H-H bond in these derivatives. The H-H distances of the dihydrogen complexes bearing trans-nitrile ligands are not significantly affected by the sterics and the electronics of the nitrile. On the other hand, the H-H distances of the dihydrogen complexes bearing either isonitrile or CO ligand are comparable to those possessing chelating diphosphine ligands of greater bite angle. Also, the thermal stabilities of these complexes are significantly less than those bearing diphosphines of greater bite angle. The trans- $[Ru(H)(CH_3CN)(dppm)_2][BF_4]$ complex has been characterized by X-ray crystallography