The social costs of crime in Mexico city and suburban areas

In this paper we measure social costs of crime, following two approaches. First, estimate costs of homicides, at the National level in 1997, under different assumptions about lost wages. When assuming profiles differ over the life cycle, the costs amount from .03 to .6 percent of GDP, depending on the discount factor. Second, we take into consideration other types of crime to estimate social costs of crime in Mexico City. We found costs approximate 3.6 percent of the City's GDP, but consider this figure a lower bound. Further data including costs borne by non-victims would be most helpful for further research in this field.

Espectros de la ciudad de México

"Espectros del DF" aborda el tema del discurso urbano bajo la perspectiva del simulacro. Una de las ciudades más grandes del mundo, México, DF, difícil de abarcar como entorno físico, se define cotidianamente por las representaciones que de ella hacen sus habitantes. Esto se remonta a la imagen fundadora que persiguieron los aztecas (el águila devorando una serpiente) y llega hasta los posibles contactos con extraterrestres. Las imágenes de la ciudad la traducen en otra, que responde a una lógica virtual, hecha de deseos y anhelos colectivos. El ornato -fundado en una estética del desecho- y la nomenclatura contribuyen a esta apropiación imaginaria de la urbe."Espectros del DF" (Spectres of Mexico City) approaches the theme of urban discourse from the perspective of a simulacrum. One of the largest cities in the world, Mexico City is difficult to take in as a physical environment, being defined on a day-to-day basis by the representations its inhabitants make of it. These go right back to the founding image that haunted the Aztecs (an eagle devouring a serpent) and even includes possible contact with aliens. The images of a city translate it into something else, bringing it into the realm of virtual logic, shaping it through collective desires and wishes. Its adornment (forged in an aesthetic of waste) and its nomenclature contribute to this imaginary appropriation of the city

The Victim Saved

La obra de Juan José Saer es una de las más influyentes de las últimas décadas. Su figura como intelectual no ha hecho sino crecer y este estudio elige su obra narrativa como modelo de una ficción que no se acomodó a los modos y recursos del “Boom”, la búsqueda de lo tópico, en la naturaleza por ejemplo, la huida de todo pintoresquismo, de la visión privilegiada o fantástica de la realidad americana. Hay, en cambio en su obra, nos dice, un deseo de alcanzar cierto conocimiento trascendente del entorno. Saer es un escritor extraterritorial, es decir, alguien que adopta una visión desplazada y ajena a la norma, como todo gran intelectual. Villoro lo compara con los grandes novelistas del siglo XIX, pero también con el extraño Juan L. Ortiz. Con esa excentricidad sugiere que la escritura más valiosa es aquella que no se asimila, que busca los límites para redefinirlos.Juan José Saer is one of the most influential writers of recent decades. His figure as an intellectual has become increasingly important and this article choose his narrative as a model for fiction which refused to follow the ways and techniques of the “Boom”, the repetition of clichéd views of nature, for example, and avoided the use of local colour and privileged or fantastic views of American reality. There is, however, in his narrative, as he himself said, the desire to attain some transcendental knowledge of the surrounding world. Saer is an extra-territorial writer, that is, someone who adopts a marginal and abnormal view, as is the case of all great intellectuals. He is compared with the great novelists of the nineteenth century, but also to the unusual Juan L. Ortiz. This eccentricity leads to the idea that the most important literature never conforms, always searches for limits so as better to redefine them

Dos poemas

Se incluyen los poemas "Zona de fumar" y "Partido de tenis".ITESO, A.C

Caveolin-1 is required for TGF-β-induced transactivation of the EGF receptor pathway in hepatocytes through the activation of the metalloprotease TACE/ADAM17

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a dual role in hepatocytes, inducing both pro- and anti-apoptotic responses, whose balance decides cell fate. Survival signals are mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, which is activated by TGF-β in these cells. Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a structural protein of caveolae linked to TGF-β receptors trafficking and signaling. Previous results have indicated that in hepatocytes, Cav1 is required for TGF-β-induced anti-apoptotic signals, but the molecular mechanism is not fully understood yet. In this work, we show that immortalized Cav1−/− hepatocytes were more sensitive to the pro-apoptotic effects induced by TGF-β, showing a higher activation of caspase-3, higher decrease in cell viability and prolonged increase through time of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results were coincident with attenuation of TGF-β-induced survival signals in Cav1−/− hepatocytes, such as AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NFκ-B activation. Transactivation of the EGFR pathway by TGF-β was impaired in Cav1−/− hepatocytes, which correlated with lack of activation of TACE/ADAM17, the metalloprotease responsible for the shedding of EGFR ligands. Reconstitution of Cav1 in Cav1−/− hepatocytes rescued wild-type phenotype features, both in terms of EGFR transactivation and TACE/ADAM17 activation. TACE/ADAM17 was localized in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fractions in Cav1+/+ cells, which was not the case in Cav1−/− cells. Disorganization of lipid rafts after treatment with cholesterol-binding agents caused loss of TACE/ADAM17 activation after TGF-β treatment. In conclusion, in hepatocytes, Cav1 is required for TGF-β-mediated activation of the metalloprotease TACE/ADAM17 that is responsible for shedding of EGFR ligands and activation of the EGFR pathway, which counteracts the TGF-β pro-apoptotic effects. Therefore, Cav1 contributes to the pro-tumorigenic effects of TGF-β in liver cancer cells

Práctica moral y libertad

Resume

Estampas para intercambiar en el recreo (Reflexiones sobre la poesía)

Texto poético de la escritora mexicana Carmen Villoro. Se incluye una entrevista de Alicia Lozano al artista Alejandro Colunga, y obra visual de su autoría reproducida en blanco y negro.ITESO, A.C

¿Es posible una comunidad filosófica iberoamericana?

Not availableNo disponibl

El río de Juan Rulfo

La anécdota de un encuentro entre dos escritores consagrados permite identificar ciertos rasgos de la escritura y de la figura autoral de Juan Rulfo, como el empleo de una óptica ajena para percibir lo propio y la estrategia de producir una obra magistral sumamente acotada a fin de esquivar el eventual fracaso. El uso calibrado de voces ajenas en la narrativa rulfiana da paso al reconocimiento de responsabilidades fatales y a un habla de derrotados y muertos que no cesan de confesarse, cuyos cuerpos se ajustan a las derivas de un río silencioso