Metodología experimental aplicada a la Inmunología Molecular

El objetivo general del proyecto es aplicar un modelo pedagógico en el que participen los alumnos de manera activa y apliquen el método científico en base a los conocimientos que han adquirido, resolviendo y realizando un caso práctico en el laboratorio. Integra una estrategia didáctica que va a fomentar la participación activa del alumnado provocando un aprendizaje significativo, ya que el alumno tiene que resolver mediante el razonamiento un caso práctico y luego integrarlo en el laboratorio con el uso de una técnica ampliamente utilizada en Inmunología, como es la citometría de flujo.Depto. de Arquitectura de Computadores y AutomáticaFac. de InformáticaFALSEInnovasubmitte

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Características demográficas, de saúde, necessidades de cuidado e diagnósticos de enfermagem de pessoal hospitalizado sofrendo transtorno afetivo bipolar

Introduction: Bipolar Affective Disorder (BAD) is a chronic mental illness more frequently found in woman than in men. The prevalence over the world is 1% and in Colombia is 1.2%. Objective: To describe the demographic and health characteristics, care needs and nursing diagnoses in patients hospitalized due to a BAD diagnosis in the mental-health clinic Clínica Psiquiátrica Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón. Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study. One hundred and fifty-eight medical records were selected between January and June 2015. Information was gathered from the admission notes by the therapeutic team; the functional patterns by Marjory Gordon were used to examine the care needs based on the data. Results: In the sample, 55.7% were women from 19 to 82 years old; 71.5% of the sample lived in Medellín; 47.5% were single individuals; 19% had completed the high school. A 66.5% showed symptoms typical to the BAD at the time of admission; under the CIE-10 diagnosis, the BAD maniac episode was the most frequent and included psychotic symptoms. According to the patterns by Marjory Gordon, the nursing needs found in the sample were: lack of introspection, sleeplessness, hallucinations, and self-harming. Regarding these needs, the nursing diagnoses were: deterioration in the independent decision-making; disorder of the sleep pattern and self-harming risk. Conclusions: The demographic and health information is similar to the typical characteristics reported in other researches. Both the care needs and nursing diagnoses are consistent with the mental inability, which hampers an appropriate self-care.Introducción: el trastorno afectivo bipolar (TAB) es una enfermedad mental crónica más frecuente en mujeres que en hombres. La prevalencia en el mundo es del 1 % y en Colombia es del 1,2 %. Objetivo: Describir las características demográficas, de salud, necesidades de cuidado y diagnóstico de enfermería en pacientes que ingresan a hospitalización con un diagnóstico de TAB a la Clínica Psiquiátrica Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón. Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se seleccionaron 158 historias clínicas entre enero y junio de 2015, La información se recolectó de las notas de ingreso del equipo terapéutico, y para las necesidades de cuidado se utilizaron los patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon. Resultados: el 55,7 % eran mujeres, con edades entre 19 y 82 años, el 71,5 % eran residentes de Medellín, el 47,5 % eran solteros, el 19 % tenían estudios secundarios. El 66,5 % presentó sintomatología propia del TAB en el momento del ingreso; el diagnóstico CIE-10 más frecuente fue TAB-episodio maniaco, presente con síntomas psicóticos. Las necesidades encontradas, según los patrones de Marjory Gordon, fueron: falta de introspección, presencia de insomnio, alucinaciones y autoagresión. Para estas necesidades los diagnósticos de enfermería fueron: deterioro de la toma de decisiones independiente, trastorno del patrón del sueño y riesgo de violencia autodirigida. Conclusiones: La información demográfica y de salud es similar a las características reportadas por otras investigaciones. Tanto las necesidades de cuidado y los diagnósticos de enfermería son congruentes con la incapacidad mental que impiden un adecuado autocuidado

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity.

Here we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 COVID-19 positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (p < 5x10-8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (p = 1.3x10-22 and p = 8.1x10-12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (p = 4.4x10-8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (p = 2.7x10-8) and ARHGAP33 (p = 1.3x10-8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, p = 4.1x10-8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥ 60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided