103 research outputs found
A CONCILIAÇÃO DO TRABALHO GERENCIAL E VIDA PESSOAL DE GERENTES DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO FINANCEIRA
The neo-liberal economy logic that persisted in recent years has brought enormous changes in our society. The financial institutions such as banks were one of the most affected, and their employees had to face constant imbalance between managerial attributions and personal life. In this sense, this study aimed to understand how the managers of a private bank in the city of João Pessoa-PB, reconcile their work practice and the sphere of personal life. The data was collected through interviews and the analysis identified the role of the bank manager in the present context; the dynamism between personal and professional career; and the strategies of balance between personal life and professional performance. The results pointed out that the way managers are charged in the bank, reflects in a series of feelings that deserve more attention from organizations. The 'time' factor is a key point of the analysis and its related to three conciliation strategies: the search for social support, time management and establishment of activities.O final do século XX representou uma época de profundas transformações na economia mundial, como também no setor bancário. Tal mudança resultou em uma rede de cobranças que desequilibra e influencia a realidade profissional de gerentes bancários, incidindo ainda, em aspectos de suas vidas pessoais e familiares. Assim, este estudo objetiva compreender de que forma os gerentes de um banco privado conciliam a prática gerencial e a vida pessoal. A coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas em profundidade com gerentes de uma agência na cidade de João Pessoa, PB, a partir de roteiros semiestruturados. Os dados foram analisados sob a análise de conteúdo e, após caracterizadas a função do gerente bancário, observou-se o dinamismo entre carreira pessoal e profissional, bem como também foram identificadas as estratégias de equilíbrio entre vida pessoal e desempenho profissional. Os resultados evidenciaram que a forma como os gerentes são cobrados refletiu em uma série de sentimentos que merecem cada vez mais atenção por parte das organizações. O fator ‘tempo’ apresentou-se como um ponto chave da análise e foram encontradas como estratégias de conciliação: a busca por apoio social, gerenciamento do tempo e estabelecimento de atividades.
 
Terapia genética com células CAR-T para leucemia linfocítica aguda / CAR-T cell gene therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia
A leucemia linfocítica aguda (LLA) é uma neoplasia maligna que resulta na proliferação e acúmulo de células imaturas da linhagem linfoide (HUNGER & MULLIGHAN 2015). No Brasil, a LLA é o câncer mais comum na infância e os tratamentos convencionais são ainda inespecíficos, pouco eficazes e induzem efeitos colaterais importantes (CAVALCANTE et al, 2017). Nesse sentido, tratamentos específicos baseados em imunoterapia com células do próprio paciente geneticamente modificadas vem sendo desenvolvidos. Dentre os novos tratamentos destaca-se a terapia com linfócitos T modificados do paciente expressando receptores antigênicos quiméricos (CAR-T) específicos para o reconhecimento de marcadores de células tumorais (ANNESLEY et al, 2018; BROWN & SHAH 2018). Nesse sentido, a presente revisão objetiva evidenciar as aplicações e avanço do uso das CAR-T no tratamento de pacientes com LLA. Esta é uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, de caráter descritivo, tendo como base de dados a biblioteca virtual “PubMed”, mediante a seleção dos descritores “CAR-T-cells” e “Acute lymphoid leucemia”. A revisão bibliográfica foi realizada em 19 periódicos especializados recentes da área. A produção das células CAR-T baseou-se essencialmente na modificação genética de receptores de linfócitos T para o reconhecimento específico dos marcadores CD5 e CD19 da linhagem tumoral de linfócitos (CRUZ et al, 2013; DAVILA et al, 2014; DOLNIKOV et al, 2015; MAMONKIN et al, 2015; QASIM et al, 2017). O tratamento consiste na depleção específica de linfócitos totais na medula óssea do paciente, por quimioterapia, seguida de sua substituição por infusão das células CAR-T específicas (LIU et al, 2017; QIN et al, 2018). As CAR-T são capazes de montar respostas citotóxicas específicas contra as células tumorais e induzir a produção de anticorpos específicos (LORENTZEN & STRATEN 2015; HAY & TURTLE 2017). Na maioria dos estudos clínicos revisados, cerca de 90% dos pacientes apresentou remissão completa ou parcial da neoplasia e considerável aumento na taxa de sobrevida (BIONDI et al, 2017; ZHU et al, 2016; LI et al, 2018; MAUDE et al, 2018; PARK et al, 2018; WEI et al, 2018). As principais complicações pelo uso desta nova terapia incluíram a elevada taxa de recidiva de LLA e sintomatologia característica da “Síndrome de liberação de citocinas”, incluindo hipotensão, febre, alterações neurológicas e hipóxia (TANG et al, 2016; TURTLE et al, 2016; VALECHA et al, 2017). Assim, a intervenção terapêutica em pacientes com LLA mediante uso de células CAR-T dos estudos clínicos analisados mostrou-se promissora, melhorando o prognóstico dos pacientes. A ocorrência de efeitos adversos mostra a necessidade de mais estudos clínicos e laboratoriais na tentativa de reduzir a toxicidade deste tipo de imunoterapia
Diagnóstico diferencial da Síndrome de Takotsubo e infarto agudo do miocárdio: uma revisão sistemática: Differential diagnosis of Takotsubo Syndrome and acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review
A cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo e o infarto agudo do miocárdio compartilham apresentação clínica e risco de morte semelhantes, embora uma das diferenças mais importantes seja a ausência de doença coronariana obstrutiva na cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo. Neste estudo, tem-se como objetivo analisar a literatura disponível avaliando o diagnóstico diferencial entre pacientes com CTT em comparação com pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, utilizando-se a Pubmed e a Medline como base de dados. A partir da análise dos estudos e interpretação de suas principais descobertas, concluiu-se que para pacientes com CTT, outras condições e comorbidades, em vez de apenas dislipidemia e/ou outros fatores de risco estabelecidos, sejam responsáveis por um risco de morte comparável ao de IAM. No entanto, as conclusões desse estudo têm várias limitaçõe
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates
Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis).
Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019.
Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm.
Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield.
Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes.
Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests.
Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types
Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities
AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions
Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities
Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.
Location: Amazonia.
Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).
Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.
Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.
Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions
Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora
Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution
Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities
Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
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