Major- and minor-element analysis of Apollo 14 volcanic green glasses B, and petrogenic modeling of Apollo 14 green glasses A and B

The lunar picritic volcanic glasses have been identified as being quenched samples of primary magmas extruded onto the lunar surface via fire-fountains. The study of the composition of these glasses is of extreme importance for the understanding of the Moon\u27s mantle composition and petrogenetic processes. Based on their chemical signature (low-Ti and high Mg#) and physical characteristics, the lunar picritic glasses are believed to represent primary magmas. Experimental data suggest that these melts formed at 360-500 km depth (18-25 kbar) in the lunar mantle, and were transported onto the lunar surface through a channel network (McKenzie, 1985b) that isolated these magmas and minimized fractionation. The aim of this work is to obtain high precision electron microprobe analysis in order to more confidently model melting processes that may have occurred deep within the lunar mantle. For this study, Apollo 14 volcanic green glasses A and B were analyzed. These glasses (A and B) show large enrichments of incompatible elements (e.g. K, Na, Ti) and an intragroup trend that does not follow olivine (olivine is known to be the liquidus phase for all pressures less than about 20 kbar), low-Ca pyroxene, augite or plagioclase fractionation trends. Although batch melting, mantle source hybridization and/or assimilation of KREEP in the magma source region have been considered, these processes fail to explain the behavior of major elements. More recently, it has been suggested (Delano, 1996; Delano and Fernandes, 1998) that the trends observed reflect deep-seated magmatic processes resulting from dynamic melting of an ascending mantle diapir (Delano and Fernandes, 1998). This model, the dynamic partial melting process, involves the differential flow of melt and residual matrix (Eggins, 1992). In the melt region, the degree of melting will increase as a function of decompression, therefore of height above the adiabat and peridotite (source) solidus intersection. The amount of melt present (i.e. porosity) at a particular height, however will be less than the degree of melting due to the more rapid buoyancy-driven ascent of melt compared to the matrix. The magnitude of this melt-filled porosity (phi) will depend upon the velocity of the melt relative to the matrix and upon the rate of melting. The amount of melt created will dictate the abundance of elements in a specific melt fraction. Based on dynamic melting modeling, the degree of partial melting involved in the origin of these melts (the glasses) is within the range of values (5 to 25%) expected for conventional petrogenetic processes (e.g. batch melting). The model results for Al, Ca, K, Na, and Ti show a wide range of porosity and distribution coefficients that may have been involved in the origin of these melts. The little sensitivity to the model shown by K and Na suggest that these two elements are important in the identification of the degree of partial melting undergone by the source mantle diapir. These two elements may provide important information that will allow all of the other elements, including Ti, to be better constrained in the model

Expanding the Definition of “Planetary Protection”: Ethical Space Exploration from an Environmental and Socio-Cultural Perspective

For several decades, scientists have been voicing concern over “planetary protection” (PP). To an outside observer unaware of this term’s nuances, the phrase could easily be taken to include problems related to environmentalism, such as preservation of the natural landscape and natural resources. Instead, the term, as it is used today, refers only to practices intended to minimize biological contamination – of the Earth by extraterrestrial life, and vice-versa. The emergence, on the one hand, of private industries interested in exploiting space-based resources (e.g., mining the Moon for 3He) and the growth, on the other hand, of broad public support for environmental protections here on Earth, together suggest that the time is ripe to re-consider the full range of possible impacts caused by human activity in space be-fore irreparable harm is caused to the cosmic environment. This paper aims to unpack the concept of planetary protection, identifying its primary limitations and addressing these shortcomings through cross-fertilization with literature concerning sustainable development [1]. The final result is a proposal for a broader definition of PP. This reconceptualization is useful for framing new space policies, strategic plans, and programs in a manner that anticipates the future challenges of space exploration within a context of competing interests

NEOANTROPOFAGISMO: TEATRO CÔMICO DE MENANDRO AO REALISMO FANTÁSTICO DE DIAS GOMES

O presente artigo traz aos estudos comparativos uma intertextualidade, entre alguns aspectos familiares, impostos nas obras O Misantropo – do autor e propulsor da Comédia Nova (NÉA) – Menandro e do mestre do “realismo-fantástico”, Dias Gomes, em sua obra Saramandaia – originalmente chamada de “Quando os Homens Criam Asas”. Nessa concepção, buscamos trazer à frente as semelhanças entre o conservadorismo familiar da época em que a NÉA se sobressaía até o teatro contemporâneo, embasada, principalmente, na obra de Dias Gomes. São salientadas, principalmente, as discordâncias entre as facções familiares quando são expostas às afrontas de um relacionamento sem concessão do estado patriarcal, este, por sua vez, sempre tentando trazer o resgate da família tradicional aos seus costumes. A comparação tem por intuito trazer a reminiscência desses traços tão pluralizados intrínsecas nas duas obras analisadas. Também foram elucidados alguns aspectos neoantropofágicos (nova absorção de culturas) entre a cultura Grega, em seu teatro antigo, e o Teatro Contemporâneo a partir do pragmatismo inserido nessas duas épocas e culturas distintas. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47295/mren.v9i2.226

Water safety : water potability of hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

A Portaria 2.914/11 do Minist?rio da Sa?de do Brasil disp?e dos procedimentos e par?metros de controle e vigil?ncia da qualidade de ?gua para consumo humano e potabilidade. Neste sentido, faz-se necess?rio o monitoramento da qualidade das ?guas de unidades de atendimento hospitalar, devido ?s caracter?sticas de fragilidade de seus usu?rios. O presente trabalho visou analisar a qualidade da ?gua de abastecimento de um hospital geral de porte m?dio da regi?o central do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para isso, foram realizadas campanhas de coleta entre os meses de setembro de 2014 e novembro de 2016, em pontos amostrais variados, conforme determina??o da vigil?ncia sanit?ria. Os par?metros analisados foram Cloreto, Cloro Residual, Condutividade, Dureza Total, Nitrog?nio de Nitrito e de Nitrato, pH, Turbidez, Coliformes Totais, Coliformes Termotolerantes, Escherichia coli e contagem de Bact?rias Heterotr?ficas. Os resultados das amostras analisadas mostraram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela portaria em rela??o aos par?metros f?sico- qu?micos, com exce??o de cloro residual e condutividade, que apresentaram respectivamente 32,5% e 10,1% das amostras fora dos padr?es. Observou-se a ocorr?ncia de Coliformes Termotolerantes em novembro de 2015, o qual foi rapidamente contornado pela adi??o de cloro nos reservat?rios. Percebe-se, desta forma, a import?ncia e pertin?ncia da continuidade do programa de monitoramento da ?gua de abastecimento do referido hospital.The Decree 2,914/11 of the Ministry of Health of Brazil has the procedures and parameters of control and surveillance of water quality for human consumption and potability. In this Ordinance all the procedures and parameters of control and monitoring of drinking water are described. In this sense, it is necessary to monitor the quality of the water in hospital care units, due to the fragility characteristics of its users. The present study aimed to analyse the quality of the water supply of a medium-sized general hospital in the central region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In order to do that, collection campaigns were carried out between September 2014 and November 2016, at various sampling points, as determined by the sanitary surveillance. The analyzed parameters were Chloride, Residual Chlorine, Conductivity, Total Hardness, Nitrogen of Nitrite and Nitrate, pH, Turbidity, Total Coliforms, Thermotolerant Coliforms, Escherichia coli and Heterotrophic Bacterial count. The results of the analyzed samples were within the parameters established by the ordinance regarding to the physical-chemical parameters, except for residual chlorine and conductivity, which presented 32.5% and 10.1% respectively, of samples out of the established. It was observed the occurrence of thermotolerant coliforms in November 2015, which was quickly overcome by the addition of chlorine in the reservoirs. According to the results was noticed the importance of the continuity of the water supply monitoring program of the cited hospital

EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COM PESSOAS USUÁRIAS DE ÁLCOOL E OUTRAS DROGAS

O objetivo foi analisar a constituição de conhecimento entre pessoas em reabilitação do uso e abuso de drogas a partir de grupos de educação em saúde. Pesquisa convergente assistencial com indivíduos internados em comunidade terapêutica. Utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado e autoaplicável para analisar o nível de conhecimento pré e pós-intervenção. A coleta ocorreu entre agosto de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014. Participaram do estudo 28 homens usuários de múltiplas substâncias psicoativas. Houve aumento nas definições de efeitos, reconhecimento de estratégias de reabilitação, classificação e ação de substâncias pelos participantes. A análise qualitativa revelou diferença na qualidade e na profundidade das respostas pré e pós-intervenção. A educação em saúde edificou o conhecimento dos saberes primários quanto ao uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas, e sua correlação com o próprio comportamento, além de sua contextualização e reflexão acerca da reabilitação.El objetivo fue analizar la constitución de conocimiento entre personas en rehabilitación de uso y abuso de drogas a partir de grupos de educación en salud. Investigación convergente asistencial con individuos internados en comunidad terapéutica. Se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado autoaplicable para analizar el nivel de conocimiento previo y posterior a intervención. Datos recolectados entre agosto de 2013 y febrero de 2014. Participaron del estudio 28 hombres consumidores de múltiples sustancias psicoactivas. Hubo aumento en las definiciones de efectos, reconocimiento de estrategias de rehabilitación, clasificación y acción de sustancias de parte de los participantes. El análisis cualitativo expresó diferencias en la calidad y profundidad de las respuestas previas y posteriores a intervención. La educación en salud edificó el conocimiento de los saberes primarios respecto del uso abusivo de alcohol y otras drogas, y su correlación con el propio comportamiento; además de su contextualización y reflexión acerca de la rehabilitación.The objective of this study was to analyze the acquisition of knowledge among people undergoing rehabilitation for drug abuse in health education groups. Convergent-care research was developed with individuals admitted in therapeutic communities. A semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire for analyzing the level of pre- and post-intervention knowledge was used. Data were collected between August 2013 and February 2014. Twenty-eight male users of multiple psychoactive substances participated in the study. There was an increase in the definitions of the effects, awareness of rehabilitation strategies, substance classification and action by the participants. Qualitative analysis revealed differences in quality and depth of the pre- and post-intervention answers. Health education raised the understanding on basic knowledge related to abuse of alcohol and other drugs, and its correlation to the behavior, in addition to its contextualization and reflection regarding the rehabilitation

QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA GERAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS EM CASAS DE FARINHA NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/22361308 14984 http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/22361308 14984O trabalho foi realizado em uma casa de farinha, com processo mecanizado, localizada no Sítio Chã do Jardim no Município de Areia, estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a geração de resíduos sólidos e líquidos em cada etapa do processo de beneficiamento das raízes de mandioca e apresentar alternativas para reutilização dos principais subprodutos. Nas condições em que se desenvolveu o estudo ficou evidente que os processos agroindustriais de beneficiamento de raízes de mandioca, para a produção de farinha de mesa, geram quantidade bastante significativa de resíduos. Concluiu-se que a casa de farinha estudada gera um grande quantitativo de resíduos que poderia ser utilizada, visto que quase todos são constituídos de matéria orgânica putrescíveis basicamente fáceis e viáveis de serem tratados e aproveitados, por produtores rurais da localidade do empreendimento. E que a gestão de resíduos em processo de beneficiamento de raízes de mandioca se faça necessário, pois estes apresentam cargas poluidoras bastante elevadas, sendo na maioria das vezes descartados no meio ambiente sem nenhum controle técnico podendo causar danos aos recursos naturais e a saúde pública

Misdiagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: why do we still risk animal lives?

Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is a tick-borne disease caused by Ehrlichia canis that manifests as acute, chronic, or subclinical forms without specific clinical symptoms. This disease is diagnosed using clinical and laboratory findings (blood smears, molecular techniques, and serology). This study aimed to demonstrate the occurrence of false-positive results for Ehrlichia spp. in veterinary clinical practice. Seventy dogs with positive blood smears before treatment for Ehrlichia spp. subjected to doxycycline and imidazole treatment were analyzed using hematological examination, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and indirect immunofluorescence assay. PCR analysis identified no samples positive for E. canis according to PCR analysis, while serological techniques showed a frequency of 51.4% in dogs with antibodies (IgG) against Ehrlichia spp. There was a correlation between hyperproteinemia and titers > 10,240. Nonspecific changes occurred in 24.3% (17/70) of the patients with CME, such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The results indicated that the blood count and blood smear analysis were insufficient for diagnosis and that positive serological results associated with hematological changes suggestive of ehrlichiosis in dogs can be incorrectly assigned by a veterinarian, putting animals at risk.A Erliquiose Monocítica Canina (EMC) é uma doença transmitida por carrapatos causada pela Ehrlichia canis, apresentando formas aguda, crônica ou subclínica, sem sintomatologia clínica específica. O diagnóstico da doença é baseado na associação entre achados clínicos e laboratoriais (esfregaços de sangue, técnicas moleculares e sorologia). O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar a ocorrência de resultados falso-positivos para Ehrlichia spp. na prática clínica veterinária. Neste contexto, 70 cães com esfregaços sanguíneos positivos, antes do tratamento, para Ehrlichia spp. submetidos ao tratamento com doxiciclina e/ou imizol foram analisados por exame hematológico, testados por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e por ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta. Não houve a detecção de amostras positivas para E. canis pela análise de PCR, enquanto as técnicas sorológicas mostraram uma frequência de 51,4% de cães com anticorpos (IgG) contra Ehrlichia spp. Houve correlação entre hiperproteinemia e títulos > 10.240. 24,3% (17/70) apresentaram alterações inespecíficas que ocorreram na EMC, como anemia, leucopenia e trombocitopenia. Os resultados indicaram que o hemograma e a análise do esfregaço sanguíneo não foram suficientes para completar o diagnóstico em cães. No entanto, resultados sorológicos positivos associados a alterações hematológicas sugestivas de erliquiose em cães podem ser erroneamente atribuídos pelo veterinário, o que pode colocar em risco a vida dos animais

Pyruvate supplementation in cotton under water restriction varying the phenological phases

Cotton is one of the largest agricultural commodities that generate various sources of foreign exchange and employment worldwide. However, water deficiency is an environmental factor that limits the production of this crop, especially in semi-arid regions. We evaluated pyruvate supplementation to mitigate the effects of water stress on colored cotton. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. We studied two forms of pyruvate supplementation (SP1- via seed and foliar and SP2- only via foliar); three conditions of irrigation management of the plants: water restriction in the vegetative phase (VE), flowering (FL), and vegetative and flowering (VE/FL); and additional treatment (total irrigation throughout the crop cycle and without pyruvate supplementation). The experimental design included a randomized block in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme. The factors resulted in seven treatments with three replications, with a total of 21 experimental units. Gas exchange, enzyme activity, and production of components were evaluated. Water restriction in the vegetative phase does not cause losses in BRS Jade cotton when supplemented with pyruvate. However, in the flowering and vegetative phases plus flowering, it reduces gas exchange and production components and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes in relation to plants under full irrigation. Supplementation with pyruvate via seed plus foliar (SP1) was better for BRS Jade cotton grown under water restriction

Pedagogia da Alternância e(m) Etnodesenvolvimento: realidade e desafios

No presente artigo se analisa o processo de implantação da Pedagogia da Alternância no Curso de Licenciatura e Bacharelado em Etnodesenvolvimento, sediado no Campus de Altamira da Universidade Federal do Pará. De início, reflete-se sobre os aportes teóricos que fundamentam a alternância na perspectiva do etnodesenvolvimento e da interculturalidade. Posteriormente, analisa-se os ganhos educacionais obtidos com a adoção da metodologia, sobretudo no plano da relação entre teoria e prática, e conhecimentos tradicionais com conhecimentos científicos, assim como os problemas e desafios que sua adoção gera no plano administrativo e na prática docente

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

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