Influence of the pairs in the expression of bullying in high school students in Arequipa

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el grado de influencia que ejerce la cercanía de los alumnos de secundaria con pares que transgreden normas, sobre el rol que asumen estos alumnos dentro del bullying (agresor, víctima o espectador) en el área metropolitana de la ciudad de Arequipa, teniendo en cuenta sexo y grado de instrucción. Se evaluó a 3979 estudiantes de educación secundaria de colegios estatales, privados y paraestatales de 19 distritos de la provincia de Arequipa, con  edades comprendidas entre 11 y 19 años. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y de regresión lineal múltiple y logística binaria para modelar la asociación entre variables. Los resultados muestran una mayor tendencia de los varones hacia las conductas agresivas y a asumir roles de “bully”. La influencia de pares transgresores de normas favorece en mayor grado la práctica de roles de agresor o víctima. En cuanto a la frecuencia de bullying, existe una alta prevalencia de agresores y víctimas entre los encuestados, cercana a la mitad de la muestra, mientras que la otra parte corresponde a los espectadores ya sean estos reforzadores del bullying o prosociales.The aim of this study was to determine the degree of influence of the proximity of high school students with peers who break rules on the role assumed these students within the bullying (bully, victim or viewer) in the metropolitan area of the city Arequipa, considering sex and level of education. We evaluated 3979 high school students from state, private and parastatal schools in 19 districts in the province of Arequipa, aged between 11 and 19 years. A descriptive and binary logistic regression and multiple linear analysis was performed to model the association between variables. The results show a greater tendency of men to aggressive behavior and assume roles of "bully". The influence of offenders pairs of rules favors greater practical role of aggressor or victim. As for the frequency of bullying, there is a high prevalence of perpetrators and victims among respondents, nearly half of the sample, while the other part is for the spectators whether these enhancers bullying or prosocial

Microbiological and Physicochemical Changes in Natural Green Heat-Shocked Aloreña de Málaga Table Olives

11 Páginas; 5 Tablas; 6 FigurasPreserving the highly appreciated natural freshness of Aloreña de Málaga table olives and preventing their progressive darkening during processing is a major challenge. In this work, heat-shocked (60°C, 5 min) fruits were processed according to the three denominations referred to in the Protected Designation of Origen (cured, fresh green, and traditional) and their characteristics compared with those that followed the habitual industrial process (controls). The results revealed that the effects of the heat treatment on the evolution of pH, titratable acidity, salt, sugar, organic acid, ethanol content, texture, and color of fruits as well as on microbial populations (yeasts and lactic acid bacteria) were slight in the case of the fresh green and cured presentations. However, the differences between heat-shocked and its control were remarkable in the traditional process. Notably, the heat treatment favored lactic acid fermentation, retention of the green appearance of the fruits, stability during packaging, and led to the highest sensory evaluation. The metagenomic analysis carried out at the end of the fermentation revealed the presence in all samples of three genera (Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Celerinatantimonas) which encompassed most of the sequences. The number of Lactobacillus sequences was statistically higher (p ≥ 0.05) in the case of traditional heat-shocked fruits than in its control.The research leading to these results has received funding from Junta de Andalucía Government through the PrediAlo project (AGR-7755: www.predialo.science.com.es) and FEDER European funds. FA-L wishes to express thanks to the Spanish government for his RyC postdoctoral research contract while VR-G would like to thank ceiA3, Spanish Government, Bank of Santander, IG-CSIC and ‘Aloreña de Málaga’ Olive Manufacturing Association for her predoctoral fellowship. Authors express their gratitude to Dr. Borja Sánchez (IPLA-CSIC) for his invaluable help in the metagenomic analysis.Peer reviewe

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Análisis de la situación de los pacientes con trastorno mental grave de la unidad de larga estancia del CRP "Nuestra Señora del Pilar" en Zaragoza: Aproximación en relación a la calidad de vida.

Investigación académica de carácter social centrada en el ámbito de la salud mental, en la que se realiza una aproximación a la calidad de vida de los pacientes que padecen un Trastorno Mental Grave de la Unidad de Larga Estancia del Centro de Rehabilitación Psicosocial “Nuestra Señora del Pilar” en la ciudad de Zaragoza. Analizándose las características sociodemográficas y perfil de dichos pacientes, así como las características de sus cuidadores principales. Finalmente se desarrollan propuestas de mejora de la calidad de vida de los usuarios de la Unidad de Larga Estancia

Logro de competencias investigativas en estudiantes universitarios peruanos de ciencias médicas: una experiencia a través del uso del aula invertida

Conferencia de la 20th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Education, Research and Leadership in Post-pandemic Engineering: Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable Actions”. hybrid event, Boca Raton, Florida- USA, junio 18 - 22.La investigación tuvo por finalidad evaluar el logro de las competencias investigativas en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de una universidad pública peruana a partir de la implementación y aplicación del aula invertida. Para ello se empleó como población a 99 estudiantes del IX ciclo de las carreras de enfermería y obstetricia matriculados en la asignatura de Metodología de la investigación, divididos en un grupo experimental de 45 estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería en el que se implementó el aula invertida; y un grupo de control con 54 estudiantes de la carrera de obstetricia que recibieron la enseñanza tradicional. Se realizaron tres mediciones del logro de competencias en la semana 8, 12 y 16 del semestre. Para la implementación y aplicación del aula invertida se utilizó la plataforma educativa Moodle. Los resultados demostraron puntajes promedios diferentes en la evaluación del postest, de 1.32 puntos del grupo experimental sobre el de control, como resultado de la aplicación del aula invertida como estrategia para la mejora del aprendizaje de la metodología de la investigación. Se concluyó que la aplicación del aula invertida mejora significativamente el logro de las competencias investigativas relacionadas con el planteamiento del problema del proyecto de investigación, la elaboración del marco teórico y el aprendizaje de la metodología del proyecto de investigación.Campus Chimbot

Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America : the ESTAMPA screening study protocol

Q1Q1Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal. The ESTAMPA (EStudio multicéntrico de TAMizaje y triaje de cáncer de cuello uterino con pruebas del virus del PApiloma humano; Spanish acronym) study will: (1) evaluate the performance of different triage techniques to detect cervical precancer and (2) inform on how to implement HPV-based screening programmes in LMIC. Methods and analysis Women aged 30–64 years are screened with HPV testing and Pap across 12 study centres in Latin America. Screened positives have colposcopy with biopsy and treatment of lesions. Women with no evident disease are recalled 18 months later for another HPV test; those HPV-positive undergo colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Biological specimens are collected in different visits for triage testing, which is not used for clinical management. The study outcome is histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial or worse lesions (HSIL+) under the lower anogenital squamous terminology. About 50 000 women will be screened and 500 HSIL+ cases detected (at initial and 18 months screening). Performance measures (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of triage techniques to detect HSIL+ will be estimated and compared with adjustment by age and study centre. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and by those in each participating centre. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor progress of the study, assure participant safety, advice on scientific conduct and analysis and suggest protocol improvements. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. Trial registration number NCT01881659Revista Internacional - Indexad

C-reactive protein cut-off for early tocilizumab and dexamethasone prescription in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Dexamethasone and tocilizumab have been associated with reduction in mortality, however, the beneficial effect is not for all patients and the impact on viral replication is not well defined. We hypostatized that C-reactive protein (CRP) could help in the identification of patients requiring anti-inflammatory therapy. Patients admitted for > 48 h in our hospital for a confirmed or suspected infection by SARS-CoV-2 from February 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The primary outcome was mortality at 30 days. Demographics and the most relevant variables related with the outcome were included. CRP was stratified by percentiles. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. A total of 3218 patients were included with a median (IQR) age of 66 (74-78) years and 58.9% were males. The rate of intensive care unit admission was 24.4% and the 30-day mortality rate was 11.8%. Within the first 5 days from admission, 1018 (31.7%) patients received dexamethasone and 549 tocilizumab (17.1%). The crude analysis showed a mortality reduction in patients receiving dexamethasone when CRP was > 13.75 mg/dL and > 3.5 mg/dL for those receiving tocilizumab. Multivariate analysis identified the interaction of CRP > 13.75 mg/dL with dexamethasone (OR 0.57; CI 95% 0.37-0.89, P = 0014) and CRP > 3.5 mg/dL with tocilizumab (0.65; CI95%:0.44-0.95, P = 0.029) as independent predictors of mortality. Our results suggest that dexamethasone and tocilizumab are associated with a reduction in mortality when prescribed to patients with a certain inflammatory activity assessed by C-reactive protein

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Estilos de pensamiento y niveles socioeconómicos en estudiantes de segundo y quinto año de Educación Superior

TesisEste estudio descriptivo – comparativo – relacional de los Estilos de pensamiento y los niveles socioeconómicos, pretende identificar los perfiles, las diferencias y las relaciones de los estilos de pensamiento con el nivel socioeconómico, por años de estudios, el sexo y las áreas de formación académica, utilizando el Cuestionario de Sternberg y Wagner, forma corta, 1994 y la Escala socioeconómica del APEIM, 2012, en una muestra intencional de 2195 estudiantes universitarios del 2º y 5º año de estudios, 1081 varones y 1114 mujeres, de distintos niveles socioeconómicos, y de 23 Escuelas profesionales agrupadas en las tres áreas de formación académica (Ciencias Sociales, Ciencias Biomédicas y Ciencias Naturales e Ingenierías) de la Universidad Nacional San Agustín de Arequipa. Los resultados muestran que los estilos de pensamiento más elegidos por los estudiantes universitarios son el Ejecutivo, Monárquico, Interno, Local y Conservador; observando que hay diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres en los estilos legislativo, judicial Jerárquico y oligárquico. En cuanto a las relaciones de estas variables encontramos que el nivel socioeconómico, el sexo, los años de estudio y las áreas de formación académica interactúan con los estilos de pensamiento en forma lineal negativa débil, es decir que sólo se observa una dependencia funcional entre estas variables

Nitrate accumulation in the soil profile: long-term effects of tillage, rotation and N rate in a Mediterranean Vertisol

Excessive application of fertiliser in agriculture can have detrimental effects, one of which is diffuse contamination with nitrates. An 18-year field study was conducted on a typical rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol to determine the effects of the tillage system, crop rotation and N fertiliser rate on the long-term NO3−-N content in the soil profile (0–90 cm). The experiment was designed as a randomised complete block with a split-split plot arrangement and 3 replications. The main plots tested the effects of the tillage system (no-tillage and conventional tillage); the subplots tested crop rotation, with 2-year rotations (wheat–wheat, wheat–fallow, wheat–chickpea, wheat–faba bean and wheat–sunflower); and the sub-subplots tested the N fertiliser rate (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1). The nitrate content increased with time. The tillage system showed an inconsistent effect on nitrates, although, overall, nitrate levels were higher under conventional tillage than with no-tillage. The wheat–faba bean rotation induced a larger accumulation of soil nitrates. Nitrates usually accumulated to a greater extent in the 30–60-cm depth of soil. As a rule, farmers should know the amount of residual N existing in the soil prior to crop fertilisation in order to avoid over-fertilisation