De flora en vegetatie van lijnvormige beplantingen in Nederland

Climate change effects on freshwater biogeochemistry and riverine loads of biogenic elements to the Baltic Sea are not straight forward and are difficult to distinguish from other human drivers such as atmospheric deposition, forest and wetland management , eutrophication and hydrological alterations. Eutrophication is by far the most well-known factor affecting the biogeochemistry of the receiving waters in the various sub-basins of the Baltic Sea. However, the present literature review reveals that climate change is a compounding factor for all major drivers of freshwater biogeochemistry discussed here, although evidence is still often based on short-term and/or small-scale studies

Protecting and restoring Europe's waters:an analysis of the future development needs of the Water Framework Directive

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is a pioneering piece of legislation that aims to protect and enhance aquatic ecosystems and promote sustainable water use across Europe. There is growing concern that the objective of good status, or higher, in all EU waters by 2027 is a long way from being achieved in many countries. Through questionnaire analysis of almost 100 experts, we provide recommendations to enhance WFD monitoring and assessment systems, improve programmes of measures and further integrate with other sectoral policies. Our analysis highlights that there is great potential to enhance assessment schemes through strategic design of monitoring networks and innovation, such as earth observation. New diagnostic tools that use existing WFD monitoring data, but incorporate novel statistical and trait-based approaches could be used more widely to diagnose the cause of deterioration under conditions of multiple pressures and deliver a hierarchy of solutions for more evidence-driven decisions in river basin management. There is also a growing recognition that measures undertaken in river basin management should deliver multiple benefits across sectors, such as reduced flood risk, and there needs to be robust demonstration studies that evaluate these. Continued efforts in ‘mainstreaming’ water policy into other policy sectors is clearly needed to deliver wider success with WFD goals, particularly with agricultural policy. Other key policy areas where a need for stronger integration with water policy was recognised included urban planning (waste water treatment), flooding, climate and energy (hydropower). Having a deadline for attaining the policy objective of good status is important, but even more essential is to have a permanent framework for river basin management that addresses the delays in implementation of measures. This requires a long-term perspective, far beyond the current deadline of 2027

The future depends on what we do today – projecting Europe’s surface water quality into three different future scenarios

There are infinite possible future scenarios reflecting the impacts of anthropogenic multiple stress on our planet. These impacts include changes in climate and land cover, to which aquatic ecosystems are especially vulnerable. To assess plausible developments of the future state of European surface waters, we considered two climate scenarios and three storylines describing land use, management and anthropogenic development (‘Consensus’, ‘Techno’ and ‘Fragmented’, which in terms of environmental protection represent best-, intermediate- and worst-case, respectively). Three lake and four river basins were selected, representing a spectrum of European conditions through a range of different human impacts and climatic, geographical and biological characteristics. Using process-based and empirical models, freshwater total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a concentrations were projected for 2030 and 2060. Under current conditions, the water bodies mostly fail good ecological status. In future predictions for the Techno and Fragmented World, concentrations further increased, while concentrations generally declined for the Consensus World. Furthermore, impacts were more severe for rivers than for lakes. Main pressures identified were nutrient inputs from agriculture, land use change, inadequately managed water abstractions and climate change effects. While the basins in the Continental and Atlantic regions were primarily affected by land use changes, in the Mediterranean/Anatolian the main driver was climate change. The Boreal basins showed combined impacts of land use and climate change and clearly reflected the climate-induced future trend of agricultural activities shifting northward. The storylines showed positive effects on ecological status by classical mitigation measures in the Consensus World (e.g. riparian shading), technical improvements in the Techno World (e.g. increasing wastewater treatment efficiency) and agricultural extensification in the Fragmented World. Results emphasize the need for implementing targeted measures to reduce anthropogenic impacts and the importance of having differing levels of ambition for improving the future status of water bodies depending on the societal future to be expected

An exploration of pastoral staff's experiences of their own emotional well-being in a secondary school : what processes are supportive and what could be developed to promote this further?

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

EUROHARP 9-2004. Nutrient Retention Handbook

The EC funded EUROHARP project encompasses 22 research institutes from17 European countries (2002-2005). The overall objective of the EUROHARPwork is to provide end-users with guidance for an appropriate choice ofquantification tools to satisfy existing European requirements on harmonisationand transparency for quantifying diffuse nutrient losses, e.g. to facilitate theimplementation of the Water Framework Directive and the Nitrates Directive.The project includes both the assessment of the performance of individualmodels and the applicability of the same models in catchments throughoutEurope with different data availability and environmental condition. The basisfor the performance and applicability studies is the compilation of a harmonisedGIS/database for all catchment data and the analysis of these data (trends,watercourse retention)

Vergleichende Frequenzanalyse von Schnarchgeräuschen bei simuliertem Schnarchen im Wachzustand und nächtlichem Schnarchen

Einleitung: Die Lokalisation von Schnarchgeräuschen ist nur bedingt möglich. Ziel der Studie war es, simuliertes Schnarchen im Wachzustand mit natürlichem Schnarchen im Schlaf mittels Frequenzanalyse zu vergleichen und die Aussagekraft für die Topodiagnostik bei Rhonchopathie zu untersuchen.Methoden: 50 männliche Probanden mit anamnestischem Schnarchen wurden vor der Polysomnographieuntersuchung (PSG) im Wachzustand sitzend, in 45°-Grad-Position und im Liegen flexibel endonasal endoskopiert. Der Patient simulierte Schnarchen und die erzeugten Geräusche wurden aufgezeichnet. Zusätzlich erfolgte eine Aufnahme des Schnarchens während der PSG-Nacht. Bei den nächtlichen Geräuschen wurde zwischen rhythmischem und unrhythmischem Schnarchen unterschieden. Die Schnarchgeräusche wurden in der Frequenzanalyse nach den Intensitätsmaxima (IM) 1-5 analysiert und verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die IM 1-3 lagen bei simuliertem Schnarchen zwischen 100 und 300Hz. Die IM 4 und 5 reichten bis 1500Hz. Ähnliche IM fanden sich bei nächtlichem, rhythmischen Schnarchen. Bei unrhythmischem, nächtlichem Schnarchen zeigten die IM eine abweichende Frequenzverteilung zwischen 2000 und 3000Hz.Schlussfolgerung: Simuliertes Schnarchen besitzt ähnliche Frequenzeigenschaften wie rhythmisches, nächtliches Schnarchen. Unrhythmisches Schnarchen unterscheidet sich von simuliertem und von rhythmischem, nächtlichem Schnarchen. Primäres Schnarchen kann von Patienten im Wachzustand simuliert und endoskopisch lokalisiert werden. Schnarchen bei Obstruktionen kann nicht simuliert werden und ist nicht im Wachzustand zu lokalisieren. Es können unterschiedliche Schnarchgeräusche während einer Nacht vorkommen und sich in Abhängigkeit von vorhandenen Apnoen im Ursprung unterscheiden