Uso de dispositivos tecnológicos y la (re)victimización en delitos de género en España: estudio cualitativo sobre las percepciones de los y las profesionales

In Spain, compliance with protection orders in gender-based violence crimes are sometimes monitored with electronic devices. The objective of this paper is to analyze the use of electronic devices from the perspective of professionals involved in the assistance of victims.  Method: We have carried out in-depth interviews with professionals in the gender-based violence sector in the region of Madrid. In particular, 59 workers (n=59), such as lawyers, social workers, psychologist, police officers, etc., have been interviewed. Results:  From the perspective of the professionals electronic devices do not contribute to the well-being of the victims, but revictimizes survivors who wear the device. Moreover, these devices might be counterproductive because they could reduce the fear of crime but does not decrease real vulnerability. En España, el cumplimiento de las órdenes de protección en los delitos de violencia de género, en ocasiones, se monitoriza con dispositivos electrónicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el uso de los dispositivos electrónicos desde la perspectiva de los y las profesionales implicadas en la asistencia a las víctimas. Método:  Hemos realizado entrevistas en profundidad con profesionales del sector de la violencia de género en la Comunidad de Madrid. En concreto, 59 personas expertas (n=59), del ámbito de la abogacía, psicología, trabajo social, agentes policiales, etc. Resultados: Desde la perspectiva de los y las profesionales los dispositivos actuales no contribuye al bienestar de las víctimas, sino que en gran medida revictimiza a las mujeres. Además, pueden ser contraproducentes porque podrían reducir el miedo a la delincuencia, ya que no disminuyen la vulnerabilidad real

Geographic contrasts between pre- and postzygotic barriers are consistent with reinforcement in Heliconius butterflies.

Identifying the traits causing reproductive isolation and the order in which they evolve isfundamental to understanding speciation. Here, we quantify prezygotic and intrinsicpostzygotic isolation between allopatric, parapatric and sympatric populations of thebutterflies Heliconius elevatus and Heliconius pardalinus. Sympatric populations from theAmazon (H. elevatus and H. p. butleri) exhibit strong prezygotic isolation and rarely mate incaptivity; however, hybrids are fertile. Allopatric populations from the Amazon(H. p. butleri) and Andes (H. p. sergestus) mate freely when brought together in captivity, butthe female F1 hybrids are sterile. Parapatric populations (H. elevatus and H. p. sergestus)exhibit both assortative mating and sterility of female F1s. Assortative mating in sympatricpopulations is consistent with reinforcement in the face of gene flow, where the driving force,selection against hybrids, is due to disruption of mimicry and other ecological traits ratherthan hybrid sterility. In contrast, the lack of assortative mating and hybrid sterility observedin allopatric populations suggests that geographic isolation enables the evolution of intrinsicpostzygotic reproductive isolation. Our results show how the types of reproductive barriersthat evolve between species may depend on geography

Data from: Silk wrapping of nuptial gifts aids cheating behaviour in male spiders

Sexual traits, such as nuptial gifts, are costly and often condition-dependent. Males should be under selection to reduce these costs without impairing their reproductive success. Spider gifts consist of silk-wrapped food, but may also consist of worthless (non-nutritive) donations that successfully lead to mating, despite yielding shorter copulations. Worthless gifts may either represent a cheaper cheating strategy or the inability to produce genuine gifts due to resource limitations (i.e. poor body condition). Unless energetic constraints limit expenditure in silk, males should apply more silk to worthless gifts to compensate for their lower reproductive value. We ask whether in Pisaura mirabilis 1) worthless gifts are condition-dependent and 2) males strategically use silk based on gift type (genuine vs worthless). We tested whether male body condition explains the gift-giving strategy and compared silk amounts covering each gift type, in gifts collected from the field and produced in the laboratory by males given different feeding regimes. Our findings show that worthless gifts are not promoted by poor body condition or limited resources. They rather result from a cheating strategy evolved to opportunistically reduce the costs of genuine gifts while ensuring nutritional advantages, with cheaters gaining body mass. Males applied more silk to worthless gifts regardless of their body condition or feeding state, suggesting they can strategically adjust silk expenditure despite its costs. By masking gift contents and prolonging female feeding, silk is crucial for the maintenance of cheating, likely resulting from an evolutionary arms race between male deception and female assessment

Experiment 1_Field study

Experiment 1_Field stud

Experiment 2_Lab study

Experiment 2_Lab stud