Estudio bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre TIC en Perú (2010-2017)

The objective of this research is to evaluate Peruvian scientific production in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). It is a cross-sectional descriptive study through the bibliometric analysis of articles published in journals indexed in SciELO Peru between 2010 and 2017. Authorship, type of article, main themes, and institutional productivity were analyzed. It was found that between 2010 and 2017, 19 articles on ICT were published, 26.4% of them are publications in the Peruvian Journal of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, and 30.8% of authors indicate that their main affiliation is with the National University of San Marcos. The main theme in the set of publications was virtual teaching (26%). We can conclude that technological development is contributing to the scientific publication of the country; however, it is necessary to continue strengthening these studies in other databases.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la producción científica peruana en las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC). Es un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante el análisis bibliométrico de los artículos publicados en revistas indizadas en SciELO Perú entre el año 2010 y 2017. Se analizaron autoría, tipo de artículo, ejes temáticos, y productividad institucional. Se encontró que entre los años 2010 y 2017, se ha publicado 19  artículos sobre TIC, de los cuales el 26.4% son publicaciones en  la Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica, y el 30.8% de los autores indican tener como afiliación principal a la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. El principal eje temático en el conjunto de publicaciones fue la enseñanza virtual (26%). Podemos concluir que el desarrollo tecnológico viene contribuyendo con la publicación científica del país; sin embargo, es necesario seguir fortaleciendo estos estudios en demás bases de datos

Development of digital skills in university professors through virtual environments: experiences of university professors in Lima

Objetivo. Describir cómo la interacción de habilidades y conocimientos, para desenvolverse en entornos virtuales, generan espacios para el desarrollo de competencias digitales. Metodología. A partir de la revisión documental, el presente estudio se enmarca como una investigación de tipo mixta con un diseño concurrente ya que los datos cualitativos y cuantitativos se recolectaron de manera simultánea. Resultados. Los docentes universitarios que combinan la presencialidad de sus sesiones de aprendizaje y los ambientes virtuales han encontrado nuevas formas de enseñar y aprender a través estos entornos, los cuales proponen innovadoras modalidades de interacción educativa, ayudando también a su labor de docente investigador. Conclusiones. El panorama actual se presenta como un reto para la educación universitaria, por tal razón el docente de educación superior no deber ser esquivo al uso de entornos virtuales; asimismo, al desarrollo de competencias digitales donde ha de combinarse el conocimiento, las habilidades y uso responsable de las TIC.Objective: To describe how the interaction of skills and knowledge to function in virtual environments generate spaces for the development of digital skills. Methodology: Based on the documentary review, this study is framed as a mixed type research with a concurrent design since the qualitative and quantitative data were collected simultaneously. Results: University professors who combine the face-to-face moments of their learning sessions and virtual environments have found new ways of teaching and learning through these environments, which propose innovative modalities of educational interaction, also helping their work as research professors. Conclusions: The current panorama is presented as a challenge for university education, eason why the higher education professor should not be elusive either to the use of virtual environments nor to the development of digital competences where knowledge, skills and responsible use of ICTs must be combined

The Occurrence or Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus May Not Be Coincidental: A Report of Four Cases

Although clinical presentation of fibrillary glomerulonephritis is similar to most forms of glomerulonephritis, it is usually difficult to make the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations include proteinuria, microscopic haematuria, nephrotic syndrome, and impairment of renal function. A diagnosis of fibrillary glomerulonephritis is only confirmed by renal biopsy and it must comprise electronmicroscopy-verified ultrastructural findings. We report four cases between 45–50 years old with documented type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension. All patients were found to have fibrils on kidney biopsy. The differential diagnosis of fibrils in the setting of diabetes mellitus is also discussed

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Clinical guide of the Spanish Society of Nephrology on the prevention and treatment of peritoneal infection in peritoneal dialysis

[Resumen] Las infecciones peritoneales siguen constituyendo una complicación muy relevante de la diálisis peritoneal, por su incidencia todavía elevada y por sus importantes consecuencias clínicas, en términos de mortalidad, fracaso de la técnica y costes para el sistema sanitario. Las prácticas de prevención y tratamiento de esta complicación muestran una notable heterogeneidad derivada, entre otros factores, de la complejidad del problema y de la escasez de evidencia clínica que permitan responder de manera clara a muchas de las dudas planteadas. El propósito de este documento es proporcionar una revisión completa y actualizada de los métodos de diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de estas infecciones. El documento se ha elaborado tomando como referencia de partida la guía más reciente de la Sociedad Internacional de Diálisis Peritoneal (2016). Mientras que para el capítulo diagnóstico se ha adoptado una estructura más narrativa, el análisis de las medidas de prevención y tratamiento ha seguido una metodología sistemática (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation [GRADE]), que especifica el nivel de evidencia y la fuerza de las sugerencias y recomendaciones propuestas, y facilita actualizaciones futuras de la guía. La gran extensión y numerosas recomendaciones o sugerencias emanadas de la revisión ponen de manifiesto la complejidad y gran número de facetas a tener en cuenta para un adecuado abordaje de esta importante complicación de la diálisis peritoneal.[Abstract] Peritoneal infections still represent a most feared complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis, due to their high incidence and relevant clinical consequences, including direct mortality, technique failure and a significant burden for the health system. The practices for prevention and treatment of this complication show a remarkable heterogeneity emerging, among other factors, from the complexity of the problem and from a paucity of quality evidence which could permit to respond clearly to many of the raised questions. The purpose of this document is to provide a complete and updated review of the main methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these infections. The document has been elaborated taking as a reference the most recent guidelines of the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (2016). The diagnostic considerations are presented in a narrative style while, for prevention and therapy, we have used a systematic methodology (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation [GRADE]), which specifies the level of evidence and the strength of the proposed suggestions and recommendations and facilitates future updates of the document. The length of the document and the many suggestions and recommendations coming out of the review underline the large number and the complexity of the factors to be taken into consideration for an adequate approach to this complication of peritoneal dialysis

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 12

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 12, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Renal Replacement Therapy: Purifying Efficiency of Automated Peritoneal Dialysis in Diabetic versus Non-Diabetic Patients

Background: In order to reduce the cardiovascular risk, morbidity and mortality of peritoneal dialysis (PD), a minimal level of small-solute clearances as well as a sodium and water balance are needed. The peritoneal dialysis solutions used in combination have reduced the complications and allow for a long-time function of the peritoneal membrane, and the preservation of residual renal function (RRF) in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) is crucial for the maintenance of life quality and long-term survival. This retrospective cohort study reviews our experience in automatic peritoneal dialysis (APD) patients, with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to diabetic nephropathy (DN) in comparison to non-diabetic nephropathy (NDN), using different PD solutions in combination. Design: Fifty-two patients, 29 diabetic and 23 non-diabetic, were included. The follow-up period was 24 months, thus serving as their own control. Results: The fraction of renal urea clearance (Kt) relative to distribution volume (V) (or total body water) (Kt/V), or creatinine clearance relative to the total Kt/V or creatinine clearance (CrCl) decreases according to loss of RRF. The loss of the slope of RRF is more pronounced in DN than in NDN patients, especially at baseline time interval to 12 months (loss of 0.29 mL/month vs. 0.13 mL/month, respectively), and is attenuated in the range from 12 to 24 months (loss of 0.13 mL/month vs. 0.09 mL/month, respectively). Diabetic patients also experienced a greater decrease in urine output compared to non-diabetic, starting from a higher baseline urine output. The net water balance was adequate in both groups during the follow up period. Regarding the balance sodium, no inter-group differences in sodium excretion over follow up period was observed. In addition, the removal of sodium in the urine output decreases with loss of renal function. The average concentration of glucose increase in the cycler in both groups (DN: baseline 1.44 ± 0.22, 12 months 1.63 ± 0.39, 24 months 1.73 ± 0.47; NDN: baseline 1.59 ± 0.40, 12 months 1.76 ± 0.47, 24 months 1.80 ± 0.46), in order to maintain the net water balance. The daytime dwell contribution, the fraction of day and the renal fraction of studies parameters provide sustained benefit in the follow-up time, above 30%. Conclusions: The wet day and residual renal function are determinants in the achievement of the objective dose of dialysis, as well as in the water and sodium balance. The cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) does not seem to influence the cleansing effectiveness of the technique

Classification of Hydration in Clinical Conditions: Indirect and Direct Approaches Using Bioimpedance

Although the need to assess hydration is well recognized, laboratory tests and clinical impressions are impractical and lack sensitivity, respectively, to be clinically meaningful. Different approaches use bioelectrical impedance measurements to overcome some of these limitations and aid in the classification of hydration status. One indirect approach utilizes single or multiple frequency bioimpedance in regression equations and theoretical models, respectively, with anthropometric measurements to predict fluid volumes (bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy—BIS) and estimate fluid overload based on the deviation of calculated to reference extracellular fluid volume. Alternatively, bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) uses direct phase-sensitive measurements of resistance and reactance, measured at 50 kHz, normalized for standing height, then plotted on a bivariate graph, resulting in a vector with length related to fluid content, and direction with phase angle that indexes hydration status. Comparison with healthy population norms enables BIVA to classify (normal, under-, and over-) and rank (change relative to pre-treatment) hydration independent of body weight. Each approach has wide-ranging uses in evaluation and management of clinical groups with over-hydration with an evolving emphasis on prognosis. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of BIS and BIVA for hydration assessment with comments on future applications

Pruebas de Regresión Funcional Mediante el Uso de Patrones de Diseño

En el desarrollo de los sistemas de software, la funcionalidad es la base para su especificación, diseño, mantenimiento y evolución. Cuando el sistema no cumple con la especificación de requerimientos o los requerimientos cambian por diversas causas, como nuevas metas de negocio, nuevas tecnologías o paradigmas de programación emergentes, mencionando algunas, se experimentan pérdidas con altos costos en la producción de software. El principal objetivo de la fase de pruebas es verificar la funcionalidad del sistema para obtener un mejor producto de software. Los escenarios basados en regresión funcional tienen el objetivo de establecer en términos de Trazabilidad, la evaluación de la relación de los requerimientos funcionales con los componentes en la arquitectura del software. Este enfoque es muy costoso, en la actualidad pocos trabajos lo automatizan. En la presente propuesta se automatiza la generación de casos de prueba mediante la combinación de la matriz de trazabilidad de pruebas y el uso de los patrones de diseño para generar casos de pruebas de una forma dinámica, eficiente y confiable

Classification of hydration in clinical conditions: indirect and direct approaches using bioimpedance

Peer Reviewe