Draamaopetus tupakasta Martinlaakson lukion terveystiedon tunnilla

Tupakkakokeilut aloitetaan yleensä 12–14 vuoden iässä. Suomessa 14-vuotiaista pojista ja tytöistä yli kolmasosa on kokeillut tupakointia. 16- 18- vuotiaista pojista ja tytöistä lähes kolmasosa tupakoi päivittäin. (Kansanterveyslaitos 2006, 19.) Terveys 2015 -kansanterveysohjelmassa tärkeimpiä nuorten terveyden edistämisen tavoitteita on 16–18-vuotiaiden tupakoinnin vähentäminen alle 15 prosenttiin vuoteen 2015 mennessä. (Stakes 2002, 70- 71.) Lukiolaisista noin kymmenen prosenttia ilmoittaa tupakoivansa päivittäin.( Kouluterveyskysely 2008) Opiskelijaterveydenhuollon tavoitteena on koko kouluyhteisön hyvinvoinnin ja oppilaiden terveyden edistäminen sekä terveen kasvun ja kehityksen tukeminen yhteistyössä oppilaiden, oppilashuollon muun henkilöstön, opettajien ja vanhempien kanssa. Opinnäytetyössä perehdyttiin nuorten tupakointiin toiminnallisen draamaopetuksen kautta. Työ toteutettiin Martinlaakson lukion 1- 2-vuosikurssin opiskelijoille. Työ on osa Vantaan ehkäisevän päihdetyön ja Laurean yhteistyötä. Työn tarkoituksena oli johdatella lukiolaisia itse löytämään ratkaisuja tupakoinnin aiheuttamiin terveyshaittoihin ja lisätä heidän tietämystään tupakoinnin lopettamisesta. Ajatuksena on tuoda yhdessä esiin oppilaiden asenteita ja kokemuksia tupakasta. Opetus toteutettiin draaman kautta. Tunnin aluksi johdateltiin oppilaat aiheeseen ja esitettiin väittämiä tupakasta. Tarkoituksena oli, että päihdevalistuspäivästä tulisi toiminnallinen ja mieluisa oppimiskokemus oppilaille. Draamatehtävänä oli näytellä jonkin henkilön huono päivä. Jokaiselle ryhmälle annettiin eri tukisanat, joita tuli käyttää esityksissä. Tukisanat olivat tupakka, nikotiini, nuuska ja vierotusoireet. Lisäksi oppilaat saivat yhdessä keksiä muita avainsanoja ja käyttää niitä esityksessä. Draamaopetus on hyvä valistamismuoto nuorille, sillä heillä on jo paljon tietoa tupakoinnista.Drama Education about Smoking for the Students in Martinlaakso School Experiments with tobacco begin usually at the age of 12 to 14. One third of 14-year-old boys and girls have tried smoking. One third of 16 to 18-year-old boys and girls smoke daily (Kansan-terveyslaitos 2006, 19.) In Terveys 2015 public health program one of the most important health improvement goals is to decrease the number of 16 to 18 year-old smokers to 15 % by the year 2015. (Stakes 2002, 70- 71.)About ten per cent of high school students state that they smoke daily. (School health questionnaire 2008) The aim of the Student health care is to promote the students’ health and the wellbeing of the whole school community and to support healthy adolescence and progress in cooperation with the students, the student care staff, the teachers and the parents. In our thesis we study smoking among young adults by functional drama exercise. It took place in Martinlaakso high school and was held for the 1.and 2.year students. This work is a part of the cooperation between Vantaa’s preventive intoxicant work and Laurea. The purpose of our thesis was to guide the students to find the answers to the health hazards caused by smoking and to increase their knowledge of how to quit smoking. Our aim is to bring out the attitudes and experiences with tobacco together with the students. Teaching was executed by drama exercise. At the beginning of the class students were led to the subject by presenting statements of smoking. The purpose was that the drug education day would be functional and pleasant learning experience for the students. The idea of the play was to act some person’s bad day. Each group was given one word that they had to use during the play. The words were tobacco, nicotine, snuff and withdrawal symptoms. In addition the stu-dents were allowed to make up other important words to use in the play. Drama teaching is a good way to educate adolescents because they already have a lot of knowledge about smoking

Sensory Appeal and Routines Beat Health Messages and Visibility Enhancements : Mixed-Methods Analysis of a Choice-Architecture Intervention in a Workplace Cafeteria

Easier recognition and enhanced visibility of healthy options supposedly increase healthy choices, but real-world evidence remains scarce. Addressing this knowledge gap, we promoted nutritionally favourable foods in a workplace cafeteria with three choice-architectural strategies—priming posters, point-of-choice nutrition labels, and improved product placement—and assessed their effects on visual attention, food choices, and food consumption. Additionally, we developed a method for analysing real-world eye-tracking data. The study followed a pretest–posttest design whereby control and intervention condition lasted five days each. We monitored visual attention (i.e., total number and duration of fixations) and food choices with eye tracking, interviewed customers about perceived influences on food choices, and measured cafeteria-level food consumption (g). Individual-level data represents 22 control and 19 intervention participants recruited at the cafeteria entrance. Cafeteria-level data represents food consumption during the trial (556/589 meals sold). Results indicated that the posters and labels captured participants’ visual attention (~13% of fixations on defined areas of interest before food choices), but the intervention had insignificant effects on visual attention to foods, on food choices, and on food consumption. Interviews revealed 17 perceived influences on food choices, the most common being sensory appeal, healthiness, and familiarity. To conclude, the intervention appeared capable of attracting visual attention, yet ineffective in increasing healthier eating. The developed method enabled a rigorous analysis of visual attention and food choices in a natural choice setting. We discuss ways to boost the impact of the intervention on behaviour, considering target groups’ motives. The work contributes with a unique, mixed-methods approach and a real-world setting that enabled a multi-dimensional effects evaluation with high external validity.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Using Statistical Models of Morphology in the Search for Optimal Units of Representation in the Human Mental Lexicon

Determining optimal units of representing morphologically complex words in the mental lexicon is a central question in psycholinguistics. Here, we utilize advances in computational sciences to study human morphological processing using statistical models of morphology, particularly the unsupervised Morfessor model that works on the principle of optimization. The aim was to see what kind of model structure corresponds best to human word recognition costs for multimorphemic Finnish nouns: a model incorporating units resembling linguistically defined morphemes, a whole-word model, or a model that seeks for an optimal balance between these two extremes. Our results showed that human word recognition was predicted best by a combination of two models: a model that decomposes words at some morpheme boundaries while keeping others unsegmented and a whole-word model. The results support dual-route models that assume that both decomposed and full-form representations are utilized to optimally process complex words within the mental lexicon.Peer reviewe

Neural dynamics of reading morphologically complex words

Despite considerable research interest, it is still an open issue as to how morphologically complex words such as “car+s” are represented and processed in the brain. We studied the neural correlates of the processing of inflected nouns in the morphologically rich Finnish language. Previous behavioral studies in Finnish have yielded a robust inflectional processing cost, i.e., inflected words are harder to recognize than otherwise matched morphologically simple words. Theoretically this effect could stem either from decomposition of inflected words into a stem and a suffix at input level and/or from subsequent recombination at the semantic–syntactic level to arrive at an interpretation of the word. To shed light on this issue, we used magnetoencephalography to reveal the time course and localization of neural effects of morphological structure and frequency of written words. Ten subjects silently read high- and low-frequency Finnish words in inflected and monomorphemic form. Morphological complexity was accompanied by stronger and longerlasting activation of the left superior temporal cortex from 200 ms onwards. Earlier effects of morphology were not found, supporting the view that the well-established behavioral processing cost for inflected words stems from the semantic–syntactic level rather than from early decomposition. Since the effect of morphology was detected throughout the range of word frequencies employed, the majority of inflected Finnish words appears to be represented in decomposed form and only very high-frequency inflected words may acquire full-form representations