Diseño del proyecto ejecutivo del parque central de la parroquia rural Sidcay

Sidcay, es una de las parroquias rurales más antiguas del cantón Cuenca. Su población mantiene costumbres y tradiciones propias que se desarrollan en espacios públicos y son transmitidas de generación a generación, lo que caracteriza a la parroquia y le proporciona un alto valor cultural. El eficiente diseño de un espacio público influye positivamente en la calidad de vida de una población, por lo que la presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar el diseño urbano arquitectónico del Parque Central de Sidcay. La investigación se desarrolla en 4 etapas: La primera consiste en una aproximación a las bases teóricas sobre el diseño, uso y función del espacio público. La segunda etapa es un diagnóstico de la historia, antecedentes y necesidades del sitio a emplazar y de su población, para con ello determinar los criterios de diseño. En la tercera etapa se determinan casos de estudio que reúnan características similares con la zona a intervenir. Además que cumplan con las estrategias de diseño definidas con antelación. Finalmente la cuarta etapa, es el proyecto arquitectónico que surge como resultado de lo previamente analizado.Sidcay is one of the oldest rural areas of Cuenca. The population maintains its own customs and traditions that are developed in public spaces and are transmitted from generation to generation, which characterizes the place and provides it with a high cultural value. The efficient design of a public space positively influences the quality of a population, so the present research aims to carry out the architectural urban design of Parque Central de Sidcay. The investigation is developed in 4 stages: The first one consists of an approach of the theoretical bases of design, use, and function of public space. The second stage is a diagnosis of history, background, and needs of the place, and population to determine the design criteria. In the third stage, study cases determine similar characteristics with the area to be intervened. In addition, they comply with the design strategies previously defined. Finally, the fourth stage is the architectural project arising as a result of the early analysis.ArquitectoCuenc

Transformações de práticas avaliativas na escola a partir de uma perspectiva da liderança dos professores

This article has the goal of highlighting the need to perform an impactful change in education. For this purpose, we reflect on the assessment practices and teacher leadership forms needed to transform the educational core by focusing on the concept of assessment as learning. We researched and categorized different assessment types associated with teaching at schools in order to explain how each one of them understands and guides learning according to a specific vision of the relationship between the teacher, the student, and the curricular contents. To further discuss this need for change, we analyzed several Latin-American approaches that do not align with conventional schooling. We highlight the experiences of Colombia, Uruguay and Mexico.Este artículo tiene como finalidad destacar la necesidad de realizar un cambio significativo en la educación. Para ello, se reflexiona sobre las prácticas evaluativas y las formas de liderazgo docente necesarias para transformar el núcleo pedagógico centrándonos en el enfoque de evaluación como aprendizaje. Se requirió investigar y sistematizar los distintos tipos de evaluación vinculados al aprendizaje escolar para explicitar cómo cada uno concibe y orienta el aprendizaje según una visión particular de la relación entre docente, estudiante y contenidos curriculares. Además, a fin de profundizar en el desafío de la transformación, se revisaron iniciativas latinoamericanas con enfoques que se desligan de la escolarización convencional, entre las que se destacan las experiencias de Colombia, Uruguay y México.Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar a necessidade de mudanças significativas na educação. Para isso, nós refletimos sobre as práticas avaliativas e as formas da liderança dos professores necessárias para transformar o núcleo pedagógico, com o foco na avaliação como aprendizagem. Foi necessário investigar e sistematizar os diferentes tipos de avaliação relacionados com a aprendizagem escolar para explicitar como cada um concebe e orienta a aprendizagem de acordo com uma visão particular da relação entre professor, aluno e conteúdos curriculares. Além disso, para aprofundar na necessidade de transformação, foram revisadas iniciativas latino-americanas com abordagens que se afastam da escolaridade convencional, entre as quais se destacam as experiências da Colômbia, Uruguai e México

LA U INVESTIGA: Revista Científica. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud. Volumen 3. Número 2

En el presente volumen se distinguen varios ámbitos de la investigación en salud desde artículos asociados a la promoción de salud, prevención de enfermedades, así como investigaciones de casos clínicos que evidencia la experiencia del equipo de salud en patologías específicas. Hay que resaltar que muchos de los artículos presentados en el volumen actual corresponden a los resultados de investigaciones ejecutadas en la academia, propias de la Universidad Técnica del Norte y de otras.1._ Melanoma antebraquial derecho metastásico a pa¬red abdominal y pelvis presentación de un caso clínico. 2._ Carcinoma papilar de localizacion extratiroidea. 3._ Tumores del golfo de la yugular 4._ Estudio comparativo del desarrollo psicomotor en niños/as de 1 a 3 años del Centro Infantil del Buen Vivir “CENTRO PUCARA” y “GOTITAS DE AMOR” del cantón Antonio Ante de la provincia de Imbabura. 5._ Adaptaciones de las técnicas comunicacionales al proceso terapéutico de salud mental infantil. 6._ La dinámica de la investigación científica en la formación de los profesionales de enfermería: una aproximación al problema de investigación. 7._ Las agresiones en las parejas de enamorados en la adolescencia y el equilibrio emocional. 8._ Rasgos de personalidad y su influencia en la calidad de vida en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa” Las Américas” 9._ Estudio de la postura corporal y su relación con la obesidad y sobrepeso en niños de 6 a 12 años del cantón Antonio Ante de la provincia de Imbabura. 10._ Caracterización de cuidadores informales de personas con discapacidad de la provincia de Im¬babura. 11._ Intervención educativa sobre embarazo en la adolescencia en estudiantes del tercer año de bachillerato de la unidad educativa “Madre Tere¬sa Bacq” Imbabura-Ecuador. 12._ Acceso a la atención de consulta externa de los usuarios del centro de llamadas, que asisten al subcentro de salud San Antonio, Tanguarin Iba¬rra, ecuador 2016. 13._ Prevalencia de disfunción familiar en la parro¬quia urbana de Urcuquí

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Caries risk assessment in chilean adolescents and adults and its association with caries experience

Cariogram is a computer program that uses an algorithm to assess caries risk. Although the use of Cariogram has recently increased, little information is available regarding its effectiveness in adults. This study aimed to determine whether caries risk from Cariogram relates to caries experience in adults. One hundred and eighty Cariogram files were completed from patients aged ten to fifty-six years (mean: 23.28 years). Seven factors from the software were included from patient records to complete the Cariogram: caries experience, diet (content and frequency), stimulated salivary flow, hygiene index, related diseases and fluoride usage. The percentages of "chances of avoiding new lesions" (caries risk) were obtained from Cariogram, and the subjects were classified into five risk groups. Results were compared for each variable with ANOVA, and a correlation between caries and Cariogram variables was calculated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. A multivariate regression model was also used. Only three patients were classified as low risk, and none were classified as very low risk. Thus, only the four upper quintiles were considered for the analysis, and the lower quintile was not considered in the study. Neither DMFT nor the number of lesions were significantly different among the Cariogram's risk categories (p &gt; 0.05). Only diet content was significantly correlated with caries experience (p = 0.006). Caries lesions failed to correlate with any Cariogram variable (p &gt; 0.05). Age, not sex or caries risk scores, showed a strong and positive association with DMFT (p < 0.01). Caries risk from Cariogram appears to be unrelated with caries experience or caries lesions in a high-caries adult population

Effects of low temperature acclimation on photosynthesis in three Chilean Proteaceae Efectos de la aclimatación a baja temperatura sobre la fotosíntesis de tres proteáceas chilenas

Embothrium coccineum, Gevuina avellana, and Lomaría ferruginea grow in habitats contrasting in temperature and light intensity. Embothrium coccineum is a pioneer species that establishes itself in open sites completely exposed to variable sunlight and temperature. Gevuina avellana is usually found in more protected sites. Lomaría ferruginea regenerates under the canopy in sites with low thermal oscillations and high humidity. In order to establish an association of their habitats with functional attributes of each species, we studied their photosynthetic responses to temperature and light intensity. We expected that E. coccineum, which grows at full sun, is able to acclimate much better its photosynthetic apparatus to different temperatures than the shade tolerant L. ferruginea and the semi-shade tolerant G. avellana. One group of plants of each species containing six individuals each was subjected to 4 °C (cold-acclimated plants). Another group with the same number of individuals was subjected to 20 °C (non-acclimated plants). In non-acclimated plants of E. coccineum, the photosynthetic rate as measured by 0(2) evolution presented its maximum at 30 °C (16.5 &#094;mol 0(2) m"² s"¹) with an optimum between 20 and 35 °C, while in G. avellana and L. ferruginea the highest photosynthetic rate (~13 &#094;mol 0(2) m"² s") was obtained at 25 °C. Cold acclimation significantly reduced the photosynthetic rates of the investigated species. The Q10 for 0(2) evolution decreased significantly in cold-acclimated E. coccineum and G. avellana but not in L. ferruginea. The fluorescence parameters of PSII showed that E. coccineum presents a higher effective quantum yield (cPPSII) at both growth temperatures. Photochemical quenching (qP) was more affected by the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in L. ferruginea than in the other species. Lomaría ferruginea presented the highest non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) at lower PPFD. Thus, the photosynthetic apparatus of each species presents functional differences according to the characteristics of light availability and temperature changes of their habitats.Embothrium coccineum, Gevuina avellana y Lomaría ferruginea crecen en habitat contrastantes en temperatura e intensidad lumínica. Embothrium coccineum es una especie pionera que se establece en sitios abiertos, completamente expuestos a luminosidad y temperatura variables. Gevuina avellana se encuentra usualmente en sitios más protegidos. Lomaría ferruginea regenera bajo el dosel en sitios con bajas oscilaciones térmicas y alta humedad. Con el objetivo de establecer una asociación de los habitats que ocupan estas especies y los atributos funcionales de cada una de ellas, se estudió las respuestas fotosintéticas a la temperatura e intensidad lumínica. Un grupo de plantas de cada especie (seis individuos por especie) se aclimataron a 4 °C (plantas aclimatadas al frío). Otro grupo con el mismo número de individuos fue mantenido a 20 °C (plantas no aclimatadas al frío). Plantas no aclimatadas de E. coccineum, presentaron una tasa fotosintética máxima, medida como evolución de 0(2), a 30 °C (16,5 &#094;mol 0(2) m"²s_1) con un óptimo entre 20 y 35 °C, mientras que en G. avellana y L. ferruginea la mayor tasa fotosintética (~13 &#094;mol 0(2) m"² s"¹) se obtuvo a 25 °C. La aclimatación al frío redujo significativamente las tasas fotosintéticas de las especies. El Q10 para la evolución de 0(2) fue similar en las tres especies en el estado no aclimatado al frío. La aclimatación al frío disminuyó Q10 en E. coccineum y G. avellana, pero permaneció invariable en L. ferruginea. Los parámetros de fluorescencia del PSII mostraron que E. coccineum presentó un mayor rendimiento cuántico efectivo del PSII (PSII) a ambas temperaturas crecimiento. El apagamiento fotoquímico (qP) fue más afectado por la densidad de flujo fotónico fotosintético (PPFD) en L. ferruginea que en las otras especies. Lomatia ferruginea presentó el mayor apagamiento no fotoquímico (NPQ) a una baja PPFD. Por lo tanto, el aparato fotosintético de cada especie presenta diferencias funcionales de acuerdo a las características de disponibilidad lumínica y cambios de temperatura de sus habitat

“En los bordes del archivo: escrituras periféricas, escrituras efímeras en los Virreinatos de Indias”

En los bordes del archivo es el sitio web de "En los bordes del archivo: escrituras periféricas, escrituras efímeras en los Virreinatos de Indias”, proyecto coordinado entre dos equipos de investigación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) y del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).© En los bordes del archivo - 2017. Algunos derechos reservados. Licencia Creative Commons.. Consulta realizada en 2019-03-22.La finalidad que orienta el Proyecto Coordinado “En los bordes del archivo: escrituras periféricas, escrituras efímeras en los Virreinatos de Indias” queda definida en la voz que encabeza su título, estudiada en relación con la escritura hispanoamericana colonial y abordada desde una comprensión amplia del término, no sólo en su sentido más positivista, en tanto acumulación o repositorio de documentos para la conformación de la verdad historiográfica y la imposición del poder imperial, sino en las acepciones paralelas de “lugar de la memoria” y de “metáfora epistémica”, de herramienta que permite la interpretación “arqueológica” de los saberes.Peer reviewe

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe