Can the Vaquita Be Saved From Extinction?

The vaquita (Phocoena sinus) is considered the world’s most endangered marine mammal. It is the smallest member of the porpoise family endemic to the upper part of the Gulf of California. The current population is estimated at less than 30 individuals. The primary reasons for the species decline includes limited habitat and incidental mortalities associated with illegal gillnet fishing activities. Since 2008, the Mexican government has taken environmental and economic actions to protect the vaquita’s focusing in reducing by-catch deaths to zero. In 2015, a federal Agreement decreed by the Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA in Spanish) prohibited the use of any fishing gillnets for two years, affecting severely the local human communities because in the region the coastal fisheries represent 40% of the regional PIB, besides that 50% of the local inhabitants are devoted to this activity. Recently, an economical compensation is giving to the fishing permits owners if they do not continue with their fishing activities. However none of this actions and agreements have considered social and economic solutions for the local inhabitants of this region, which includes three communities: San Felipe, Golfo de Santa Clara and Puerto Peñasco. If there is not enacted a change of paradigm of the conservation programs, focusing in the wellbeing of the local fishing communities then the vaquita could be the second marine mammal species to disappear due to human activities

Removal of entrained organic matter in the copper electrolyte by ozonation

Organic matter-in-aqueous entrainment is a serious problem in the hydrometallurgical extraction of copper from ore. Current inefficiencies, changes in the morphology and orientation of cathode deposit are some of the problems when organic matter is present in the advance electrolyte. In addition, negative effects upon metabolic activity of bioleaching microorganisms are reported due to entrained organic matter in the raffinate electrolyte. In view of these problems, the objective of this study was to evaluate ozonation as an alternative method for the removal of entrained organic matter present in an advanced electrolyte. For this purpose, ozonation during 30 min of synthetic solutions using a bubble glass column reactor at different ozone concentrations, flow rates and temperatures were studied. It was found that the increase in all of these operating parameters is not necessarily associated with an increase of the removal efficiency, and their effects on the mass transfer rate, chemical reaction rate, ozone solubility and contact time play a decisive role in the ozonation process. Thus, the best operating conditions were found at 6.7 wt.%, 1 L min-1 and 27 °C and reached a removal efficiency of 94.5%. This result demonstrated that removal of entrained organic matter in strongly acid solution by ozonation could be an alternative technology

Las nuevas facultades del juez en el nuevo proceso civil. Analisis comparado entre el sistema procesal civil espanol y el proyecto de codigo procesal civil chileno

47 p.La función del juez en el proceso civil, debe ser la de director o conductor del proceso, alejado del "juez dictador", que le otorgan enorme poderes frente al ciudadano común, como así también del "juez espectador" que, con una actitud pasiva, se limita a dictar un pronunciamiento pensando únicamente en la aplicación que estime correcta de la ley, pero alejándose de la realidad. Es por ello que, se demostrará en el presente trabajo que la pasividad del juez no ayuda a un proceso justo y que es tiempo de renovación de la mano también de una nueva administración de Justicia, procurando que las nuevas facultades del juez, que detallaremos a continuación, no afecten su imparcialidad, el debido proceso, ni a la igualdad de las partes, que serían las principales limitaciones/ ABSTRACT: The role of judge in civil proceedings, must be the one of the director or conductor of the process, far from "Judge dictator", which gives it enormous powers against ordinary citizens, just as well as from "judge spectator" who, with a passive attitude, limits itself to merely issuing a statement thinking only of that which it deems as proper application of the law, but away from reality. That is why, it will be shown in this paper that the passivity of the judge is not helpful to a fair trial and that is time for a renewal also by the hand of a new dministration of justice, ensuring that the new attributions of the judge, which we detail next, won´t affect its impartiality nor the due process nor the equality of the parts involved, which would be the major constraints

Monitoring Bacterial Conjugation by Optical Microscopy

Bacterial conjugation is the main mechanism for horizontal gene transfer, conferring plasticity to the genome repertoire. This process is also the major instrument for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Hence, gathering primary information of the mechanism underlying this genetic transaction is of a capital interest. By using fluorescent protein fusions to the ATPases that power conjugation, we have been able to track the localization of these proteins in the presence and absence of recipient cells. Moreover, we have found that more than one copy of the conjugative plasmid is transferred during mating. Altogether, these findings provide new insights into the mechanism of such an important gene transfer device.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MINECO) Grants BFU2016-78521-R and PID2019-104251GB-I00

Desarrollo de una metodología para la gestión de inventarios de flora

Dentro de las características de los jardines zoológicos, se detectó que no se cuenta con un inventario de toda la flora, ni mucho menos de la que requiere más cuidados, de igual manera, no se conoce su correcta ubicación y/o distribución, lo que propicia un inadecuado control y mantenimiento de la misma. Para ello, se diseñó e implementó una metodología que guiará mediante un procedimiento adecuado, la definición, creación y uso de los inventarios para el Centro Ecológico de Sonora, el cual permitirá el manejo eficiente de sus recursos. Se analizaron y estudiaron diferentes autores con distintos procedimientos, se generó una propuesta que se pueda implementar en éste y en otros centros. Se debe de considerar que para este tipo de proyectos se requieren equipos de georreferenciación profesionales los cuales eviten el desfase de las coordenadas y una incorrecta ubicación de las especies. Como resultado, se obtuvo..

Resultados preliminares del estudio de seguimiento de egresados de la Licenciatura en Intervención Educativa, líneas específicas: educación inicial y educación inclusiva, de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional del Estado de Chihuahua, Unidad Parral

El estudio surge de la necesidad de información que permita analizar la función educativa de la Universidad reflejada en el papel que los egresados de la LIE actualmente desempeñan en la sociedad; así mismo de tener una visión del desarrollo y tendencias de las líneas profesionalizantes; además, poder contar con un directorio de egresados que posibilite su localización. En consecuencia, se inicia un estudio de corte mixto con prioridad cuantitativo y ejecución secuencial de corte descriptivo – transversal para observar, describir y presentar en dos momentos la opinión de los egresados desde diferentes ámbitos recabados mediante el análisis de documentos y expedientes institucionales, así como la aplicación de un instrumento de recopilación mixto compuesto de preguntas abiertas y cerradas de tipo escala de opinión previamente diseñado, piloteado y sustentado bajo la metodología sugerida por ANUIES (2003), todo lo anterior con el objetivo de: a) conocer la opinión de los egresados acerca de la formación académica recibida y sobre su proceso de integración al mundo laboral; y, b) constituir un banco de datos y materiales de información acerca de los egresados. Se inicia la aplicación del instrumento con egresados del año 2009, muestra compuesta por 43 personas, de las cuales se hace contacto con 36, quince alumnos de educación inclusiva y veintiuno de educación inicial, los datos recabados se concentraron en una base de datos diseñada con SPSS, lo cual ha permitido el análisis, descripción y presentación de la información, así como la extracción del directorio de contacto de egresados

Sildenafil alters biogenic amines and increases oxidative damage in brain regions of insulin-hypoglycemic rats

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sildenafil on dopamine, 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain of hypoglycemic rats. The animals were treated intraperitoneally as follows: group 1 (control), saline solution; group 2, insulin (10 U per rat or 50 U kg–1); group 3, insulin + single dose of sildenafil (50 U kg–1 + 50 mg kg–1); group 4, insulin + three doses of sildenafil every 24 hours (50 U kg–1 + 50 mg kg–1). In groups 2, 3 and 4, insulin was administered every 24 hours for 10 days. Blood glucose was measured after the last treatment. On the last day of the treatment, the animals´ brains were extracted to measure the levels of oxidative stress markers [H2O2, Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation (TBARS)], dopamine and 5-HIAA in the cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata by validated methods. The results suggest that administration of insulin in combination with sildenafil induces hypoglycemia and hypotension, enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines. Administration of insulin and sildenafil promotes biometabolic responses in glucose control, namely, it induces hypoglycemia and hypotension. It also enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines

Teaching through virtual tools and its effect on the perception of student satisfaction

In this context of virtualization, the educational sector has seen the need to make use of technological advances, for this reason it is important to know the perception of students, after having fully adapted distance learning through tools virtual, which have allowed teachers and students to maintain the pedagogical link at a distance, either through the virtual classroom or through the use of simulation software. In this sense, the objective of this article is to identify the perception of teaching through virtual tools in university students and determine its level of effect or relationship in student satisfaction. This research is approached from a qualitative approach using the Likert measurement method and a content analysis methodology using virtual instruments. The results of the study indicate that 92.9% and 89.3% of the students are satisfied, these results focus on the indicators “absolves the questions asked regarding the use of virtual tools” and “knowledge shown by the teacher in the development of the sessions through virtual tools”. Likewise, the correlational analysis, through Spearman's Chi square test, establishes that there is a high relationship or significant effect of 0.850 between the perception of teaching through virtual tools with student satisfaction.Campus Lima Centr

A new species of pitviper of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from the Central Andes of South America

We describe a new species of montane pitviper of the genus Bothrops from the Cordillera Oriental of the Central Andes, distributed from southern Peru to central Bolivia. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the characteristic combination of a dorsal body color pattern consisting of triangular or subtriangular dark brown dorsal blotches, paired dark brown parallel occipital stripes, a conspicuous dark brown postocular stripe, the presence of canthorostrals in some specimens, prelacunal fused or partially fused with second supralabial, one scale usually separating internasals, rostral trapezoidal, two canthals oval to rounded, similar size or slightly larger than internasals, three or four medial intercanthals, eight to twelve intersupraoculars, intercanthals and intersupraoculars keeled and frequently slightly keeled, supraoculars oval, one to three suboculars, two to three postoculars, loreal subtriangular, two to six prefoveals, subfoveals absent, two or none postfoveals, one or two scales between suboculars and fourth supralabial, seven or eight supralabials, nine or eleven infralabials, 23-25 middorsal scales, 189-195 ventrals in females and 182-190 in males, 48-58 subcaudals in females and 54-63 in males, exceptionally undivided. The new species is apparently restricted to areas within Andean montane forests that are less humid and devoid of large trees.Fil: Timms, J.. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales; EspañaFil: Chaparro Auza, Juan C.. Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú; PerúFil: Venegas, Pablo J.. Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad; PerúFil: Salazar Valenzuela, David. Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica; EcuadorFil: Scrocchi Manfrini, Gustavo Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Cuevas, Jairo. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Leynaud, Gerardo Cristhian. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Carrasco, Paola Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentin