Proximity ligation strategy for the genomic reconstruction of microbial communities associated with the ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi

The sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi has become one of the main constraints for the sustainable development of salmon aquaculture in Chile. Although this parasite's negative impacts are well recognized by the industry, some novel potential threats remain unnoticed. The recent sequencing of the C. rogercresseyi genome revealed a large bacterial community associated with the sea louse, however, it is unknown if these microorganisms should become a new focus of sanitary concern. Herein, chromosome proximity ligation (Hi-C) coupled with long-read sequencing were used for the genomic reconstruction of the C. rogercresseyi microbiota. Through deconvolution analysis, we were able to assemble and characterize 413 bacterial genome clusters, including six bacterial genomes with more than 80% of completeness. The most represented bacterial genome belonged to the fish pathogen Tenacibacullum ovolyticum (97.87% completeness), followed by Dokdonia sp. (96.71% completeness). This completeness allowed identifying 21 virulence factors (VF) within the T. ovolyticum genome and four antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). Notably, genomic pathway reconstruction analysis suggests putative metabolic complementation mechanisms between C. rogercresseyi and its associated microbiota. Taken together, our data highlight the relevance of Hi-C techniques to discover pathogenic bacteria, VF, and ARGs and also suggest novel host-microbiota mutualism in sea lice biology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Whole-genome resequencing in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi uncovers gene duplications and copy number variants associated with pesticide resistance

The sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi is a marine ectoparasite that constitutes one of the major threats to the salmon farming industry, where the primary control strategy is the use of delousing drugs through immersion treatments. The emergence of pharmacological resistance in this copepodid species has previously been described using transcriptome data. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying chromosome rearrangements have not yet been explored. This study aimed to identify structural genomic variations and gene expression in C. rogercresseyi associated with pesticide sensitivity. In this study, genome resequencing was conducted using Oxford Nanopore Technology on lice strains with contrasting sensitivity to azamethiphos to detect genome duplications. Transcriptome profiling of putative gene duplications was performed by Illumina sequencing. Copy Number Variants (CNVs) were identified through comparative coverage, and collinear/tandem gene duplications over all the chromosomal regions by sequence homology. Duplications or CNVs in functional genes were primarily identified in transposable elements and genes related to the drug response, with differential expression values calculated by RNA-seq analyses of the same strains. Notably, differentially duplicated genes were found in coding regions related to cuticle proteins, suggesting that a putative resistance mechanism may be associated with cuticular structure formation and the proteins involved. Collectively, the results revealed that the intensive use of pesticides on sea lice populations increases the frequency of gene duplication, expanding the molecular elements involved in drug response. This study is the first to report an association between genome rearrangements and pharmacological resistance in sea lice populations

Cómo se vivencia la sexualidad en los adultos mayores gays de nacionalidad chilena

Tesis (Licenciado en Terapia Ocupacional)Esta investigación invita a conocer cómo comprenden la sexualidad los adultos mayores gays a través de diversas experiencias en el transcurso de su vida envueltas por la cultura chilena en cuanto al impacto social en la construcción de sus vivencias. El equipo de investigadoras accede a la información a través del estudio de caso como técnica para recolectar la información desde una metodología cualitativa, mediante entrevistas abiertas las cuales se realizaron a dos participantes con el fin de profundizar sus relatos permitiendo conocer e interpretar sus vivencias, a través de un análisis cualitativo de contenido. A través de esta investigación se concluyó que las vivencias de los adultos mayores gays están construidas desde los ideales y creencias de la sociedad acerca de esta comunidad, además se puede evidenciar cómo el contexto socio-histórico produce un impacto en la manifestación de la sexualidad en los entrevistados, donde se evidenciaron actos patriarcales, conservadores, homofóbicos dentro y fuera de la comunidad gay.This research invites us to learn how older gay adults understands sexuality through some experiences during their lives involved in Chilean culture in terms of the information trough the case study as a technique collect the information from a qualitative methodology and trough open interviews wich were conducted with two participants to deepen their stories allowing to know and interpret their experiences through a qualitative content analysis. Through this research it was concluded that the experiences of gay older adults are built from the ideals and beliefs of society about this community or can also be evidenced how the sociohistorical context produces an impact on the manifestation of sexuality in the interviewed where patriarchal, conservative, homophobic acts were evidenced within and outside the gay community

El Meta, un escenario para la emergencia de la familia desde la profesión de enfermería en el contexto de salud después del conflicto armado

Por años los pueblos del Meta sufrieron en silencio la crudeza y el dolor que genera la guerra y el conflicto, tan solo después de vivir en medio del dolor de la perdida de seres queridos, del hogar y la dignidad que caracteriza al hombre y después de perder aquello que se pensaba imperdible, se abrió ante los ojos del país las memorias de un territorio que había sido azotado por la violencia y conflicto armado

Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Blue Mussel Mytilus chilensis Reveals Molecular Signatures Facing the Marine Environment

The blue mussel Mytilus chilensis is an endemic and key socioeconomic species inhabiting the southern coast of Chile. This bivalve species supports a booming aquaculture industry, which entirely relies on artificially collected seeds from natural beds that are translocated to diverse physical–chemical ocean farming conditions. Furthermore, mussel production is threatened by a broad range of microorganisms, pollution, and environmental stressors that eventually impact its survival and growth. Herein, understanding the genomic basis of the local adaption is pivotal to developing sustainable shellfish aquaculture. We present a high-quality reference genome of M. chilensis, which is the first chromosome-level genome for a Mytilidae member in South America. The assembled genome size was 1.93 Gb, with a contig N50 of 134 Mb. Through Hi-C proximity ligation, 11,868 contigs were clustered, ordered, and assembled into 14 chromosomes in congruence with the karyological evidence. The M. chilensis genome comprises 34,530 genes and 4795 non-coding RNAs. A total of 57% of the genome contains repetitive sequences with predominancy of LTR-retrotransposons and unknown elements. Comparative genome analysis of M. chilensis and M. coruscus was conducted, revealing genic rearrangements distributed into the whole genome. Notably, transposable Steamer-like elements associated with horizontal transmissible cancer were explored in reference genomes, suggesting putative relationships at the chromosome level in Bivalvia. Genome expression analysis was also conducted, showing putative genomic differences between two ecologically different mussel populations. The evidence suggests that local genome adaptation and physiological plasticity can be analyzed to develop sustainable mussel production. The genome of M. chilensis provides pivotal molecular knowledge for the Mytilus complex

Expresión de la perspectiva de género en las prácticas de las y los terapeutas ocupacionales del área de salud mental del Gran Concepción

Tesis (Terapeuta Ocupacional)El objetivo que se desprende de la presente investigación es aportar desde una aproximación descriptiva sobre la perspectiva de género tanto teórica como práctica, que poseen los y las terapeutas ocupacionales que se desempeñan dentro del área de salud mental en el Gran Concepción, y así contribuir a futuras reflexiones y problematizaciones en torno a sus prácticas. La Terapia Ocupacional Social, se plantea como una disciplina más consciente en relación a los diversos fenómenos sociales, no alejándose de estos y entendiéndose como situaciones que no solo influyen en la vida de algunos pocos sujetos y sujetas, sino más bien de todos los individuos que se encuentran dentro de una comunidad; a partir de esto se visualiza la utilización de una perspectiva de género dentro de las prácticas de los y las terapeutas ocupacionales, ya que esta se entiende como una herramienta, la cual busca entender y explicar el fenómeno de la desigualdad y de la inequidad existente entre hombres y mujeres; fenómenos sociales que ha tomado un alto revuelo en la actualidad a raíz del descontento social existente en relación a la opresión y vulneración que se encuentra vinculado al género, siendo en el área de salud mental un escenario en el cual se expresa de manera más visible la desigualdad de género. Cabe destacar que la información recopilada para dar sustento a la investigación se obtuvo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales a cinco terapeutas ocupacionales que se desempeñan dentro del área de salud mental del Gran Concepción. La metodología utilizada fue de tipo cualitativa, por medio de la cual se entrega mayor relevancia a los discursos y subjetividades de los y las participantes de la investigación y así validar sus experiencias y saberes; para llevar a cabo el análisis de la información recopilada, esta se sistematizó en una malla temática construyendo categorías y subcategorías de análisis, con el fin de realizar un proceso más exhaustivo en los análisis de resultados.The objective that emerges from this research is to provide from a descriptive approach on the theoretical and practical gender perspective that occupational therapists possess who work within the area of mental health in the Gran Concepción, and thus contribute to future reflections and problematizations around their practices. The social Occupational Therapy, it is posed as a more conscious discipline in relation to the various social phenomena, not moving away from these and understood as situations that not only influence the lives of a few male and female subjects, but rather of all individuals that are within a community; from this the use of a gender perspective within the practices of the occupational therapists is visualized, since this is understood as a tool, which seeks to understand and explain the phenomenon of inequality and inequity between men and women; social phenomena that have taken a stir today because of social discontent existing in relation to oppression and vulnerability that is linked to gender, being in the mental health area a scenario in which gender inequality is expressed in a more visible way. It should be noted that the information collected to support the research was obtained through individual semi-structured interviews with five occupational therapists who work within the area of mental health of the Gran Concepción. The methodology used was of a qualitative type, by means of which greater relevance is given to the discourses and subjectivities of the participants of the research and thus validate their experiences and knowledge; In order to carry out the analysis of the information gathered, this was systematized into a thematic grid, constructing categories and subcategories of analysis, in order to perform a more exhaustive process in the analysis of results

The wastewater microbiome: a novel insight for COVID-19 surveillance

Wastewater-Based Epidemiology is a tool to face and mitigate COVID-19 outbreaks by evaluating conditions in a specic community. This study aimed to analyze the microbiome proles using nanopore technology for full-length 16S rRNA sequencing in wastewater samples collected from a penitentiary (P), a residential care home (RCH), and a quarantine or health care facilities (HCF). The HCF microbiome was strongly associated with enteric bacteria previously reported in patients with chronic disease and psychological disorders. During the study, the wastewater samples from the RCH and the P were negative for SARS-CoV-2 based on qPCRs, except during the fourth week when was detected. Unexpectedly, the wastewater microbiome from RCH and P prior to week four was correlated with the samples collected from the HCF, suggesting a core bacterial community is expelled from the digest tract of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. We provide novel evidence that the wastewater microbiome associated with gastrointestinal manifestations appears to precede the SARS-CoV-2 detection in sewage. This nding suggests that the wastewaters microbiome can be applied as an indicator of community-wide SARS-CoV2 surveillance.This study was funded by “Fondo de Emergencia Sanitaria COVID-19, Intendencia Región de Ñuble, Chile” and FONDAP #15110027 granted by National Research and Development Agency (ANID), Chile. We also thank MINSAL and MinCiencia to support this research and provide the epidemiological data.N

Envejecimiento de la población

•Actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados •Asociación entre depresión y posesión de mascotas en personas mayores •Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF •Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura •Caracterización de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) •Comportamiento de las patologías incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam •Contribución de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid •Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria •Evaluación del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco lógico •Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile •Pauta instrumental para la identificación de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda •Perfil farmacológico del paciente geriátrico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo •Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales •Rehabilitación mandibular implantoprotésica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores •Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Región de Valparaíso •Transición epidemiológica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

Enfermedades crónicas

Adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y relación con el control metabólico en pacientes con DM2Aluminio en pacientes con terapia de reemplazo renal crónico con hemodiálisis en Bogotá, ColombiaAmputación de extremidades inferiores: ¿están aumentando las tasas?Consumo de edulcorantes artificiales en jóvenes universitariosCómo crecen niños normales de 2 años que son sobrepeso a los 7 añosDiagnóstico con enfoque territorial de salud cardiovascular en la Región MetropolitanaEfecto a corto plazo de una intervención con ejercicio físico, en niños con sobrepesoEfectos de la cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con síndrome metabólico e IMC < 35 KG/M2Encuesta mundial de tabaquismo en estudiantes de profesiones de saludEnfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: Consecuencias sociales-sanitarias de comunidades rurales en ChileEpidemiología de las muertes hospitalarias por patologías relacionadas a muerte encefálica, Chile 2003-2007Estado nutricional y conductas alimentarias en adolescentes de 4º medio de la Región de CoquimboEstudio de calidad de vida en una muestra del plan piloto para hepatitis CEvaluación del proceso asistencial y de resultados de salud del GES de diabetes mellitus 2Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en población universitaria de la Facsal, universidad de TarapacáImplicancias psicosociales en la génesis, evolución y tratamiento de pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencialInfarto agudo al miocardio (IAM): Realidad en el Hospital de Puerto Natales, 2009-2010Introducción de nuevas TIC y mejoría de la asistencia a un programa de saludNiños obesos atendidos en el Cesfam de Puerto Natales y su entorno familiarPerfil de la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en Río de JaneiroPerfil del paciente primo-consultante del Programa de Salud Cardiovascular, Consultorio Cordillera Andina, Los AndesPrevalencia de automedicación en mujeres beneficiarias del Hospital Comunitario de Til-TiPrevalencia de caries en población preescolar y su relación con malnutrición por excesoPrevalencia de retinopatía diabética en comunas dependientes del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente (SSMOC)Problemas de adherencia farmacológica antihipertensiva en población mapuche: Un estudio cualitativoRol biológico de los antioxidantes innatos en pacientes portadores de VIH/SidaSobrepeso en empleados de un restaurante de una universidad pública del estado de São Paul

Data from: SNP discovery and high resolution melting analysis from massive transcriptome sequencing in the California red abalone Haliotis rufescens

The California red abalone, Haliotis rufescens that belongs to the Haliotidae family, is the largest species of abalone in the world that has sustained the major fishery and aquaculture production in the USA and Mexico. This native mollusk has not been evaluated or assigned a conservation category even though in the last few decades it was heavily exploited until it disappeared in some areas along the California coast. In Chile, the red abalone was introduced in the 1970's from California wild abalone stocks for the purposes of aquaculture. Considering the number of years that the red abalone has been cultivated in Chile crucial genetic information is scarce and critical issues remain unresolved. This study reports and validates novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers for the red abalone H. rufescens using cDNA pyrosequencing. A total of 622 high quality SNPs were identified in 146 sequences with an estimated frequency of 1 SNP each 1,000 bp. Forty-five SNPs markers with functional information for gene ontology were selected. Of these, 8 were polymorphic among the individuals screened: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), vitellogenin (VTG), lysin, Alginate lyase enzyme (AL), Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), sulfatase 1A precursor (S1AP) and ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (ODC). Two additional sequences were also identified with polymorphisms but no similarities with known proteins were achieved. To validate the putative SNP markers, High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA) was conducted in a wild and hatchery-bred population. Additionally, SNP cross-amplifications were tested in two further native abalone species, H. fulgens and H. corrugata. This study provides novel candidate genes that could be used to evaluate loss of genetic diversity due to hatchery selection or inbreeding effects