Esthétique et élaboration du féminin

Basé sur une enquête de terrain réalisée auprès d’une population féminine âgée de 4 à 60 ans, dans des écoles de danse amateur de la région parisienne et toulousaine, à travers l’exemple de la danse classique d’une part, et de la danse contemporaine et des danses «  étrangères » de l’autre, cet article met en évidence comment l’esthétique que constituent gestuelles, costumes et parures forme le corps et y inscrit certaines valeurs propres à l’éthique de chaque âge. La danse classique, prime éducation des fillettes, consiste en l’apprentissage de la retenue et de la droiture, la danse contemporaine encourage une forme d’«  expression de soi », les danses étrangères symbolisent des pouvoirs sexuels et génésiques propres à l’âge de femme. Ces capacités s’acquièrent autant par l’incorporation des gestuelles propres à ces danses que par l’usage des parures et costumes qui les accompagnent. Ces composantes sont en effet indissociables tant de la bonne réalisation de ces danses que de leur esthétique propre.Drawing on fieldwork conducted within a feminine population aged from 4 to 60 years old, in amateurs’ dance schools in Paris and Toulouse, this article highlights how aesthetic logics made by gestures, costumes and fineries shape the body in different ways in different dancing styles. Ballet dancing, as prime girlhood socialization, leads to learning of restraint and uprightness, contemporary dancing enables self-expression, while the “foreign” dances examined here symbolize the sexual and fertile powers of womanhood. These capabilities are acquired by both embodying the specific gestures of these different dances, and using costumes and fineries that come with it, two dimensions which are inseparable and both define the specificities of a dancing style

« Tu seras étoile, ma fille ». (France, xixe-xxe siècle)

Le lien mère/fille, ou éducatrice/danseuse, tel qu’il s’exprime au cours de l’apprentissage de la danse classique, est ici discuté à deux époques différentes, le xixe siècle et la période actuelle, à partir de témoignages écrits sur la vie des élèves dans l’Opéra ancien et d’enquêtes orales auprès de danseuses contemporaines. Il en ressort qu’au xixe siècle comme aujourd’hui, mères et éducatrices ne permettent pas à ces jeunes filles d’accéder facilement au statut de femme ; les jeunes danseuses du xixe siècle n’avaient pour certaines pas de liberté dans leur choix matrimonial, devaient pour d’autres subvenir aux besoins de leur famille, tandis qu’aujourd’hui mères et éducatrices les maintiennent dans le statut de « fille ».This article explores the characteristics of the mother/daughter or teacher/dancer relationship during the training process to become a classical dancer at two distinct time periods. It uses written testimonies about student life at the Opera during the 19th century and oral history concerning contemporary dancers. Both in the past and today, mothers and teachers limited girls’ efforts to acquire the status of mature women. In the 19th century, the older women intervened in the matrimonial choices of young dancers and, at times, forced them to work for the family, while today they seek to maintain ballerinas in their status as “girls.”

Assessing the impacts of shoreline hardening on beach response to hurricanes: Saint-Barthélemy, Lesser Antilles

International audienc

Etude de la qualité physico-chimique de l’eau de boisson dans deux localités du Bénin: Cotonou et Dassa-Zoumè

L’eau, source potentielle de vie, doit subir diverses analyses physico-chimiques qui définiront sa qualité pour la consommation humaine afin d’éviter les risques de maladies hydriques pour les consommateurs. La présente étude vise à déterminer la qualité physico-chimique de l’eau de boisson des populations de deux villes du Bénin : Dassa-Zoumè et Cotonou. Trois points de prélèvement ont été identifiés dans chacune des deux localités pour un total de six (06) échantillons. Dix-neuf paramètres physico-chimiques ont été évalués sur ces échantillons. Certains paramètres (température, pH, turbidité et conductivité) susceptibles de modification au cours du transport ont été déterminés "in situ". Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l’eau des deux localités que consomment les populations est de bonne qualité sur le plan physico-chimique. Néanmoins, l’eau de consommation des populations de Dassa est plus alcaline et plus dure que celle de Cotonou : soit respectivement de 390 à 480 mg/l et de 25 à 35 mg/l puis de 232 à 260 mg/l et de 15 à 27 mg/l. Ce constat pourrait expliquer le caractère moins moussant et le goût terne souvent remarqués au niveau de l’eau de Dassa et serait lié à la nature géologique des sols traversés.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reservedMots clés: Qualité physico-chimique, eau de boisson, BéninEnglish Title: Study of the physico-chemical quality of drinking water in two localities of Benin: Cotonou and Dassa-ZoumèEnglish AbstractWater, potential source of life, must undergo various physico-chemical analyzes that will define its quality for human consumption in order to avoid the risk of water-borne diseases to consumers. The present study aims to determine the physico-chemical quality of population’s drinking water in two cities of Benin: Cotonou and Dassa-Zoume. Three sampling points were identified in each of the two localities for a total of six (06) samples. Nineteen physico-chemical parameters were evaluated on these samples. Some parameters (temperature, pH, turbidity and conductivity) which may be modified during transport were determined "in  situ". The results showed that the water consumed by the populations of both localities has a good physicochemical quality. Nevertheless, drinking water of Dassa’s populations was more alkaline and harder than that of Cotonou: respectively 390-480 mg/l and 232-260 mg/l for Dassa and then 25-35 mg/l and 15-17 mg/l for Cotonou. This finding may explain the less foaming character and dull taste often noticed in Dassa's water and would be linked to the geological nature of the soils traversed.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reservedKeywords: Physico-chemical quality, drinking water, Beni

Low level of Fibrillarin, a ribosome biogenesis factor, is a new independent marker of poor outcome in breast cancer

International audienceBackground: A current critical need remains in the identification of prognostic and predictive markers in early breast cancer. It appears that a distinctive trait of cancer cells is their addiction to hyperactivation of ribosome biogenesis. Thus, ribosome biogenesis might be an innovative source of biomarkers that remains to be evaluated. Methods: Here, fibrillarin (FBL) was used as a surrogate marker of ribosome biogenesis due to its essential role in the early steps of ribosome biogenesis and its association with poor prognosis in breast cancer when overexpressed. Using 3,275 non-metastatic primary breast tumors, we analysed FBL mRNA expression levels and protein nucleolar organisation. Usage of TCGA dataset allowed transcriptomic comparison between the different FBL expression levelsrelated breast tumours. Results: We unexpectedly discovered that in addition to breast tumours expressing high level of FBL, about 10% of the breast tumors express low level of FBL. A correlation between low FBL mRNA level and lack of FBL detection at protein level using immunohistochemistry was observed. Interestingly, multivariate analyses revealed that these low FBL tumors displayed poor outcome compared to current clinical gold standards. Transcriptomic data revealed that FBL expression is proportionally associated with distinct amount of ribosomes, low FBL level being associated with low amount of ribosomes. Moreover, the molecular programs supported by low and high FBL expressing tumors were distinct. Conclusion: Altogether, we identified FBL as a powerful ribosome biogenesis-related independent marker of breast cancer outcome. Surprisingly we unveil a dual association of the ribosome biogenesis FBL factor with prognosis. These data suggest that hyper-but also hypo-activation of ribosome biogenesis are molecular traits of distinct tumors

Innovative Solution for Building Integrated Photovoltaics

Among the main challenges of our century, the climate change and the need of diversification of the energy sources are of most importance. Renewable energies undoubtedly have an important role to play, photovoltaic (PV) electricity being especially well suited to face these energy challenges. However, the current integration of PV panels often comes without architectural consideration. In this context, the Archinsolar project [1] aims to develop a new generation of photovoltaic elements based on silicon thin films technologies (amorphous and micromorph), ultra-reliable and manufacturable at a very low cost, allowing a unique architectural integration, respectful of the bui lt environment and overall landscape. Here we will present our new developments on innovative PV elements including colored PV panels and a solar tile using a composite back-structure

Immune and Genetic Signatures of Breast Carcinomas Triggering Anti-Yo–Associated Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration

International audienceBackground and Objectives Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) with anti-Yo antibodies is a cancer-related autoimmune disease directed against neural antigens expressed by tumor cells. A putative trigger of the immune tolerance breakdown is genetic alteration of Yo antigens. We aimed to identify the tumors' genetic and immune specificities involved in Yo-PCD pathogenesis. Methods Using clinicopathologic data, immunofluorescence (IF) imaging, and whole-transcriptome analysis, 22 breast cancers (BCs) associated with Yo-PCD were characterized in terms of oncologic characteristics, genetic alteration of Yo antigens, differential gene expression profiles, and morphofunctional specificities of their in situ antitumor immunity by comparing them with matched control BCs. Results Yo-PCD BCs were invasive carcinoma of no special type, which early metastasized to lymph nodes. They overexpressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) but were hormone receptor negative. All Yo-PCD BCs carried at least 1 genetic alteration (variation or gain in copy number) on CDR2L, encoding the main Yo antigen that was found aberrantly overexpressed in Yo-PCD BCs. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes found 615 upregulated and 54 downregulated genes in Yo-PCD BCs compared with HER2-driven control BCs without PCD. Ontology enrichment analysis found significantly upregulated adaptive immune response pathways in Yo-PCD BCs. IF imaging confirmed an intense immune infiltration with an overwhelming predominance of immunoglobulin G-plasma cells. Discussion These data confirm the role of genetic alterations of Yo antigens in triggering the immune tolerance breakdown but also outline a specific biomolecular profile in Yo-PCD BCs, suggesting a cancer-specific pathogenesis

New developments in the InterPro database

InterPro is an integrated resource for protein families, domains and functional sites, which integrates the following protein signature databases: PROSITE, PRINTS, ProDom, Pfam, SMART, TIGRFAMs, PIRSF, SUPERFAMILY, Gene3D and PANTHER. The latter two new member databases have been integrated since the last publication in this journal. There have been several new developments in InterPro, including an additional reading field, new database links, extensions to the web interface and additional match XML files. InterPro has always provided matches to UniProtKB proteins on the website and in the match XML file on the FTP site. Additional matches to proteins in UniParc (UniProt archive) are now available for download in the new match XML files only. The latest InterPro release (13.0) contains more than 13 000 entries, covering over 78% of all proteins in UniProtKB. The database is available for text- and sequence-based searches via a webserver (), and for download by anonymous FTP (). The InterProScan search tool is now also available via a web service at

A dusty filament and turbulent CO spirals in HD135344B - SAO206462

peer reviewedPlanet-disc interactions build up local pressure maxima that may halt the radial drift of protoplanetary dust, and pile it up in rings and crescents. ALMA observations of the HD135344B disc revealed two rings in the thermal continuum stemming from ~mm-sized dust. At higher frequencies the inner ring is brighter relative to the outer ring, which is also shaped as a crescent rather than a full ring. In near-IR scattered light images, the disc is modulated by a 2-armed grand-design spiral originating inside the ALMA inner ring. Such structures may be induced by a massive companion evacuating the central cavity, and by a giant planet in the gap separating both rings, that channels the accretion of small dust and gas through its filamentary wakes while stopping the larger dust from crossing the gap. Here we present ALMA observations in the J=(2-1)CO isotopologue lines and in the adjacent continuum, with up to 12km baselines. Angular resolutions of 0.03'' reveal the tentative detection of a filament connecting both rings, and which coincides with a local discontinuity in the pitch angle of the IR spiral, proposed previously as the location of the protoplanet driving this spiral. Line diagnostics suggest that turbulence, or superposed velocity components, is particularly strong in the spirals. The 12CO(2-1) 3-D rotation curve points at stellocentric accretion at radii within the inner dust ring, with a radial velocity of up to ~6%+-0.5% Keplerian, which corresponds to an excessively large accretion rate of ~2E-6M_sun/yr if all of the CO layer follows the 12CO(2-1) kinematics. This suggests that only the surface layers of the disc are undergoing accretion, and that the line broadening is due to superposed laminar flows

CC9 Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Emerges in Bloodstream Infections in French Patients Unconnected With Animal Farming

We report 4 bloodstream infections associated with CC9 agr type II Staphylococcus aureus in individuals without animal exposure. We demonstrate, by microarray analysis, the presence of egc cluster, fnbA, cap operon, lukS, set2, set12, splE, splD, sak, epiD, and can, genomic features associated with a high virulence potential in human