РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ НА МЕСТНИ ФОРМИ ПОЛСКИ ФАСУЛ (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ОТ БЪЛГАРИЯ И ПОРТУГАЛИЯ

The genetic diversity of landraces is thought to be the economic valuable part of global biodiversity and is considered of paramount importance for future world production. The investigation was performed on 30 common bean landraces (Ph. vulgaris L.) from different geographic origin of Portugal and Bulgaria. The morphological characterization was done according to the IPGRI descriptors (Rome, Italy). Twenty morphological traits were studied in Portuguese and Bulgarian landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Accessions number 99E059(BG), 99E0123(BG), PH2(PT) and PH23(PT) are of special interest for breeding purposes.Генетичното разнообразие на местните форми представлява значителна потенциална ценност от цялостното растително биоразнообразие. и е от първостепенна важност за бъдещото световно производство. Това проучване бе проведено върху 30 местни форми полски фасул с произход от България и Португалия. Морфологичната оценка бе направена съгласно международния Дескриптор на фасула (IPGRI, Rome). Наблюденията бяха направени върху двадесет морфологични, фенологични и стопански признаци. Образците с кат. № 99E059(BG), 99E0123(BG), PH2(PT) и PH23(PT) представляват интерес за бъдеща селекционна работа

Screening of worldwide cowpea collection to drought tolerant at a germination stage

Supplementary material related to this article can be found, in the online version, at doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.082.Global warming has an increasing impact on the availability of water for agriculture. Crops tolerant to high temperatures and drought, such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), have an added value in the near future. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drought on seed germination and seedling emergence of cowpea genotypes, in order to screen the most tolerant genotypes. Seeds from 58 cowpea genotypes all over the world were submitted to two stress conditions, induced by PEG-6000 (corresponding to osmotic potentials of -0.75 bars and -1.5 bars). Germination and seedling growth parameters, vigor index and proline content were determined to assess drought tolerance. The results revealed significant differences of all parameters among genotypes after treatments and interaction of both. Water stress caused a general decrease in germination and seedling growth, while an increase in proline content was observed. A high variation of drought responses were detected among genotypes, being possible to select seven genotypes (C11, C18, C44, C46, C47, C50 and C54) as tolerant to drought at germination stage. These results will be useful to select the best suitable parents for insertion in future breeding programs.This study was supported by EUROLEGUME project. This project has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 613781. European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI - Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the projects UID/AGR/04033/2013 and UID/AGR/04046/2013

The UCR Minicore: a resource for cowpea research and breeding

Special Issue on Legume Genomics[EN] Incorporation of new sources of genetic diversity into plant breeding programs is crucial for continuing to improve yield and quality, as well as tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. A minicore (the “University of California, Riverside (UCR) Minicore”) composed of 368 worldwide accessions of cultivated cowpea has been assembled, having been derived from the UCR cowpea collection. High-density genotyping with 51,128 SNPs followed by principal component and genetic assignment analyses identified six subpopulations in the UCR Minicore, mainly differentiated by cultivar group and geographic origin. All six subpopulations were present to some extent in West African material, suggesting that West Africa is a center of diversity for cultivated cowpea. Additionally, population structure analyses supported two routes of introduction of cowpea into the U.S.: (1) from Spain to the southwest U.S. through Northern Mexico and (2) from Africa to the southeast U.S. via the Caribbean. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) narrowed several traits to regions containing strong candidate genes. For example, orthologs of the Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T lie within a major QTL for flowering time. In summary, this diverse, yet compact cowpea collection constitutes a suitable resource to identify loci controlling complex traits, consequently providing markers to assist with breeding to improve this crop of high relevance to global food and nutritional securitySIThis research was funded by the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Climate Resilient Cowpea (USAID Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-A-13-00070), the National Science Foundation BREAD project “Advancing the Cowpea Genome for Food Security” (NSF IOS-1543963), Hatch Project CA-R-BPS-5306-H. Also, M.C., I.C., and V.C. were supported by National Funds from FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project grant number UIDB/04033/202

Genetic diversity and structure of Iberian Peninsula cowpeas compared to world-wide cowpea accessions using high density SNP markers

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an important legume crop due to its high protein content, adaptation to heat and drought and capacity to fix nitrogen. Europe has a deficit of cowpea production. Knowledge of genetic diversity among cowpea landraces is important for the preservation of local varieties and is the basis to obtain improved varieties. The aims of this study were to explore diversity and the genetic structure of a set of Iberian Peninsula cowpea accessions in comparison to a worldwide collection and to infer possible dispersion routes of cultivated cowpea.This study was supported by EUROLEGUME project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 613781. European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/ POCI – Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT – Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013. MMA was partially supported by the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Climate Resilient Cowpea (USAID Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-A-13-00070), which is directed by TJC. The funding entities had no role in the design of the study, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, or in writing the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluating stress responses in cowpea under drought stress

Drought impact on plants is an increasing concern under the climate change scenario. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is considered as one of the most tolerant legume crops to drought, being the search for the best well-adapted genotypes crucial to face the future challenges. Different approaches have been used for differentiating plant responses to drought stress. Plants of four cowpea genotypes were submitted to three watering regimens (a severe and moderate drought stress, and well-watered control) during 15 days, and several physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters were evaluated. Stressed plants revealed commonly-described drought stress characteristics, but not all assayed parameters were useful for discriminating plants with different drought severities or genotypes. The analyses which have contributed most to genotype discrimination were those related with stomatal function, and biochemical markers such as proline and anthocyanin contents. Antioxidant enzymes activities and related genes expression did not differed among genotypes or upon drought stress treatments, suggesting that scavenging enzymes are not involved in the differential ability of cowpea plants to survive under drought stress. This information will be useful to evaluate and use genetic resources, as well as design strategies for breeding cowpea resistance to drought stress.This study was supported by EUROLEGUME project. This project has received funding from: the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 613781; National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2019; and the project PEstOE/BIA/UI4046/2014; UID/MULTI/04046/2013

Short communication. Identification of cultivated and wild Vaccinium species grown in Portugal

Vaccinium crops offer a variety of benefits for human health due their high levels of antioxidants. Genetic diversity between two Vaccinium species (sixteen cultivars of Vaccinium corymbosum and three wild populations of Vaccinium myrtillus) were evaluated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. In V. corymbosum 74 polymorphic markers corresponding to 83.2% of polymorphism were obtained while in V. myrtillus only four polymorphic markers corresponding to 83.2% and 10.6% of polymorphism were observed. The dendrogram obtained showed a clear division into two distinct groups corresponding to the two analyzed species. V. corymbosum group is divided in different sub-clusters based on cultivars pedigree relationships. Twenty-eight specific bands were detected in total; 6 for V. corymbosum and 22 for V. myrtillus. Results allowed the selection of five primers due it potential to detect specific bands in the two species. These markers could be useful for identifying species and cultivars and consequently help in the management of germplasm collections and in breeding programs

Short communication: Identification of cultivated and wild Vaccinium species grown in Portugal

Vaccinium crops offer a variety of benefits for human health due their high levels of antioxidants. Genetic diversity between two Vaccinium species (sixteen cultivars of Vaccinium corymbosum and three wild populations of Vaccinium myrtillus) were evaluated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. In V. corymbosum 74 polymorphic markers corresponding to 83.2% of polymorphism were obtained while in V. myrtillus only four polymorphic markers corresponding to 83.2% and 10.6% of polymorphism were observed. The dendrogram obtained showed a clear division into two distinct groups corresponding to the two analyzed species. V. corymbosum group is divided in different sub-clusters based on cultivars pedigree relationships. Twenty-eight specific bands were detected in total; 6 for V. corymbosum and 22 for V. myrtillus. Results allowed the selection of five primers due it potential to detect specific bands in the two species. These markers could be useful for identifying species and cultivars and consequently help in the management of germplasm collections and in breeding programs

COMPORTAMENTO DE LINHAS DE FESTULOLIUM EM SEQUEIRO

0 ccmportamento de seis linhas de festulolium obtidas no Oak Park Re search Centre (Irlanda) e de duas cultivares produzidas nos EUA foi estuda da em Vila Real em condicoes de sequeiro. A cultivar tetraploide de azevém italiano (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Meritra e a de festuca alta [Festuca arundinaoea Schreb.) Festorina foram utilizadas ceno testemunhas. Este estudo que deoorreu durante 5 anos demonstrou que os híbridos de festulolium tal como a festuca, tem boa adaptacao as condicoes de calor e secura des ta regiao. Pelo contrario a cultivar Meritra mostrou-se sensível a estas condicoes tendo atingido a producao nais baixa no 29 ano de ensaio e desaparecido por completo no Outono. Na generalidade a producao e o valor nu - tritivo do feno foi equivalente ou superior á festuca

DIVERSITY IN COMMON BEAN LANDRACES (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) FROM BULGARIA AND PORTUGAL

The genetic diversity of landraces is thought to be the economic valuable part of global biodiversity and is considered of paramount importance for future world production. The investigation was performed on 30 common bean landraces (Ph. vulgaris L.) from different geographic origin of Portugal and Bulgaria. The morphological characterization was done according to the IPGRI descriptors (Rome, Italy). Twenty morphological traits were studied in Portuguese and Bulgarian landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Accessions number 99E059(BG), 99E0123(BG), PH2(PT) and PH23(PT) are of special interest for breeding purposes