Did population well-being improve during Porfirian Mexico? An approximation using a Quasi-Index of human development

It is argued that economic growth during the Porfiriato did not improve the well-being of Mexican population. One explanation for such result is that economic growth pattern was skewed and benefited more the northern states and less the southern ones. Following the estimation method of the Human Development Index (HDI), we calculate a Human Development Quasi-Index for the Mexican states during the period 1895-1910. Results show that starting the period (1895) the northern states were already the most developed. During the next 15 year this pattern was maintained and the dispersion in human development increased marginally. Finally, it is shown that the true losers of Porfiriato were the states surrounding Mexico City and not the southern ones.human development, well-being, Mexico, Porfiriato

Lattice effects and current reversal in superconducting ratchets

Competition between the vortex lattice and a lattice of asymmetric artificial defects is shown to play a crucial role in ratchet experiments in superconducting films. We present a novel and collective mechanism for current reversal based on a reconfiguration of the vortex lattice. In contrast to previous models of vortex current reversal, the mechanism is based on the global response of the vortex lattice to external forces.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

O afeto negativo como fator emocional de ordem superior em pacientes cardiovasculares

Depression, anxiety and anger trait have been shown to be factors related to poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. A sample of 168 patients with ischemic heart disease that have had a cardiac event in the last month (age: Mean = 64 years, SD = 11; 66.7 % men) was evaluated to verify the existence of negative affect as a common factor among the previous emotions in these patients. Patients answered the Spielberger depression, anxiety and anger trait questionnaires. Exploratory factorial analyses were carried out to confirm the factorial structure of the scales. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the existence of negative affect as a higher order factor (X 2 = 3.42, p > .05; CFI > .95, TLI > .95, SRMS .05; CFI > .95, TLI > .95, SRMS .05; CFI > .95, TLI > .95, SRMS < .05 ). Os resultados deste estudo assinalam a importância de considerar modelos dimensionais para a abordagem da emoção nessa população

Características del suministro de leña al mercado energético doméstico en la ciudad de Santiago del Estero, Argentina

Casi la mitad de la población de la provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina, emplea la leña como combustible para cubrir sus necesidades energéticas tanto para el consumo doméstico familiar como para la producción a escala artesanal de alimentos destinados a la venta. Este trabajo analiza el uso intensivo de recursos forestales escasos en el ámbito doméstico, así como el desconocimiento de formas alternativas generadoras de energía y la falta de previsión para asegurarse la provisión de los mismos. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar el modo de transacción y sus mecanismos referidos a la leña en el mercado local describiendo el modo de pago más empleado, así como los medios de transporte, el origen de la leña, y una breve caracterización de las tendencias acerca del recurso y la actitud de cambio de actividad productiva ante la escasez del mismo. La metodología se basó en el empleo de encuestas semi-estructuradas a consumidores de leña para uso productivo artesanal de comidas y alimentos típicos de la ciudad. Las encuestas contenían preguntas acerca de la cantidad de leña consumida en la producción de alimentos, el medio de pago, el origen de la leña y la forma de traslado de la misma. Los resultados revelan tres niveles de consumidores según el peso de leña consumida. Se detectó la presencia de un sistema de comercialización no formal manejado con vehículos motorizados. Casi toda la leña consumida es comprada y las transacciones son todas del modo contado efectivo.___________________________________Almost half of the population of Santiago del Estero, Argentina, uses firewood as fuel to meet their energy needs for both family consumption and sale-oriented production of food and meals at a craft level. This work analyses the intensive use of scarce forest resources within the domestic environment, the ignorance about energy-generating alternative forms as well as the lack of forecast for assuring their supply. The aim of this research is to characterize the way and the mechanisms by which firewood is commercialized locally, describing the most used ways of payment, transportation, firewood origin and including a brief characterization of the trends as to the resource and the attitude towards changing the productive activity to face its scarcity. Methodologically, semi-structured surveys were conducted among those using firewood for a craft production of typical food and meals. The surveys included questions concerning the quantity of firewood employed in preparing foods, its origin, and the ways it is hauled and paid. The results reveal three different levels of consumers according to the firewood they employ and detect the existence of a non-formal system of commercialization run by motorized vehicles. Both the purchase of almost all firewood consumed and transactions are made in cash

Photocurable Bioink for the Inkjet 3D Pharming of Hydrophilic Drugs.

Novel strategies are required to manufacture customized oral solid dosage forms for personalized medicine applications. 3D Pharming, the direct printing of pharmaceutical tablets, is an attractive strategy, since it allows for the rapid production of solid dosage forms containing custom drug dosages. This study reports on the design and characterization of a biocompatible photocurable pharmaceutical polymer for inkjet 3D printing that is suitable for hydrophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Specifically, hyaluronic acid was functionalized with norbornene moieties that, in the presence of poly(ethylene) glycol dithiol, Eosin Y as a photoinitiator, and a visible light source, undergoes a rapid step-growth polymerization reaction through thiol-ene chemistry. The engineered bioink was loaded with Ropinirole HCL, dispensed through a piezoelectric nozzle onto a blank preform tablet, and polymerized. Drug release analysis of the tablet resulted in 60% release within 15 min of tablet dissolution. The study confirms the potential of inkjet printing for the rapid production of tablets through the deposition of a photocurable bioink designed for hydrophilic APIs

Matriarchy

This book collects my personal and artistic process since I got to the United States two years ago. My cultural and religious background is the foundation for my artistic explorations. This book collects theoretical references and personal stories that explore the impact of Catholicism on my personal life especially as a woman

Una aproximación al modelado matemático y simulación de un MAV tipo ala voladora

El propósito de este trabajo es la obtención de un modelo matemático general para vehículos aéreos miniatura, conocidos como MAV (Micro Aerial Vehicle) y aplicarlo a una configuración de tipo ala voladora. Se implementará el modelo obtenido en MATLAB/SIMULINK para realizar simulaciones y analizar sus resultados. Para esto, se toma como base un avión ZAGI RC tipo ala voladora y se realizan pruebas con base en este. Se comparan los resultados obtenidos con un avión de tipo cola en V