Transesterificación de ésteres grasos con arilaminoalcoholes. Síntesis de mono- y diacilderivados del 3-fenilamino-1,2-propanodiol

In this paper the synthesis of acylderivatives of 3-phenylamino- 1,2 propanediol has been studied. These compounds are prepared by transesterification of fatty acids methyl esters with the amino-alcohol and sodium methoxide as catalyst. The reaction was carried out with mechanical stirring under vacuum. The effect of temperature, molar relation of reactives, time and concentration of catalyst on the reaction yield has been investigated. Yield increases with temperature and ester concentration until the optimun reaction temperature is reached. This temperature depend on molar relation ester/aminoalcohol (140 °C for 1/1 and 2/1 values and 120 °C for 4/1 value). The composition of reaction mixture was evaluated from the mono/di relation. This relation decrease when temperature and molar relation increase.En el presente trabajo se ha abordado la síntesis de los acilderivados del 3-fenilamino-1,2-propanodiol por transesterificación de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos con 3-fenilamino- 1,2-propanodiol utilizando metóxido sódico como catalizador. La reacción se lleva a cabo bajo presión reducida y agitación mecánica. Se ha estudiado la influencia de la temperatura, relación molar de los reactivos, tiempo y concentración de catalizador sobre el rendimiento de la reacción. El rendimiento aumenta con la temperatura y la concentración de éster hasta alcanzar la temperatura óptima de reacción. Esta temperatura depende de la relación molar y es de 140 °C para las relaciones molares éster: 3-fenilamino-1,2-propanodiol (1:1) y (2:1) y de 120 °C para (4:1). La composición de la mezcla de reacción se evalúa mediante la relación mono-/di-. Esta relación disminuye conforme aumenta la temperatura y la relación molar

Power Quality Management of Interconnected Microgrids using Model Predictive Control

Cuenta con otro ed. : IFAC-PapersOnLine Incluida en el vol. 53 Article number: 145388In this paper, the power quality of interconnected microgrids is managed using a Model Predictive Control (MPC) methodology which manipulates the power converters of the microgrids in order to achieve the requirements. The control algorithm is developed for the microgrids working modes: grid-connected, islanded and interconnected. The results and simulations are also applied to the transition between the different working modes. In order to show the potential of the control algorithm a comparison study is carried out with classical Proportional-Integral Pulse Width Modulation (PI-PWM) based controllers. The proposed control algorithm not only improves the transient response in comparison with classical methods but also shows an optimal behavior in all the working modes, minimizing the harmonics content in current and voltage even with the presence of non-balanced and non-harmonic-free three-phase voltage and current systems.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) DPI2016-78338-RInterreg SUDOE SOE3 / P3 / E090

Microgrids Power Quality Enhancement Using Model Predictive Control

In electric power systems, any deviation with respect to the theoretical sinusoidal waveform is considered to be a disturbance in the power quality of the electrical grid. The deviation can alter any of the parameters of the waveform: frequency, amplitude, and symmetry among phases. Microgrid, as a part of the electric power system, has to contribute providing an adequate current waveform in grid connected-mode, as well as to guarantee similar voltage features than the standard requirement given for public distribution grids under normal exploitation conditions in islanded mode. Adequate power quality supply is necessary for the correct compatibility between all the devices connected to the same grid. In this paper, the power quality of microgrids is managed using a Model Predictive Control (MPC) methodology which regulates the power converters of the microgrids in order to achieve the requirements. The control algorithm is developed for the following microgrids working modes: grid-connected, islanded, and interconnected. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methodology improves the transient response in comparison with classical methods in all the working modes, minimizing the harmonic content in the current and the voltage even with the presence of non-balanced and non-harmonic-free three-phase voltage and current systems

A Genomic Approach for the Identification and Classification of Genes Involved in Cell Wall Formation and its Regulation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Using a hierarchical approach, 620 non-essential single-gene yeast deletants generated by EUROFAN I were systematically screened for cell-wall-related phenotypes. By analyzing for altered sensitivity to the presence of Calcofluor white or SDS in the growth medium, altered sensitivity to sonication, or abnormal morphology, 145 (23%) mutants showing at least one cell wall-related phenotype were selected. These were screened further to identify genes potentially involved in either the biosynthesis, remodeling or coupling of cell wall macromolecules or genes involved in the overall regulation of cell wall construction and to eliminate those genes with a more general, pleiotropic effect. Ninety percent of the mutants selected from the primary tests showed additional cell wall-related phenotypes. When extrapolated to the entire yeast genome, these data indicate that over 1200 genes may directly or indirectly affect cell wall formation and its regulation. Twenty-one mutants with altered levels of β1,3-glucan synthase activity and five Calcofluor white-resistant mutants with altered levels of chitin synthase activities were found, indicating that the corresponding genes affect β1,3-glucan or chitin synthesis. By selecting for increased levels of specific cell wall components in the growth medium, we identified 13 genes that are possibly implicated in different steps of cell wall assembly. Furthermore, 14 mutants showed a constitutive activation of the cell wall integrity pathway, suggesting that they participate in the modulation of the pathway either directly acting as signaling components or by triggering the Slt2-dependent compensatory mechanism. In conclusion, our screening approach represents a comprehensive functional analysis on a genomic scale of gene products involved in various aspects of fungal cell wall formation

Determinación cuantitativa de ésteres grasos del 3-fenilamino- 1,2-propanodiol por espectrofotometría de absorción

An analytical method for quantitative determination of fatty ester of 3-phenylamine-1,2-propanediol has been developed. The procedure is based on the spectrophotometric determination of coloured compounds formed by reaction of acylderivatives with p-DMACA. Monoacylderlvative is quantified at 500 nm and diacylderivative at 510 nm, with range of ±0,031 and ±0,020 absorbance units, respectively.
 The essential application of this method is to obtain the yield of synthesis reaction of acylderivatives of 3-phenylamine- 1,2-propanediol. However, an isolation of every one products by thin layer chromatography is necessary before analytical technical application. Moreover, this procedure supply a way for analysis of similar structure compounds.<br><br>Se ha puesto a punto un método analítico para la determinación cuantitativa de los acilderivados (mono- y di-) del 3- fenilamino-1,2-propanodiol. El método consiste en determinar la absorbancia de los complejos coloreados que forman los acilderivados con p-DMACA (reactivo específico de aminas aromáticas primarias y secuandarias). Los límites de confianza calculados a partir de los datos correspondientes a las rectas de calibrado son de ±0,031 unidades de absorbancia a 500 nm para el monoacilderivado y ±0,020 a 510 nm para el diacilderivado.
 La principal aplicación de éste método es proporcionar un instrumento válido para el cálculo del rendimiento de la síntesis de estos productos, además de proporcionar un sistema de análisis fácilmente extensible a otros productos de estructura similar

New aniline derivatives in toxic oil syndrome. Toxicity in mice of 3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol and its fatty acid mono- and diesters

The toxicity of the new aniline derivatives found in cooking oils associated with the ''toxic syndrome'', i.e. 3-phenyl-1,2-propanediol and its fatty acid mono-and diesters was confirmed by animal experiments

Toxic oil syndrome in Spain toxicological study in mice of new aniline derivatives present in toxic oils

Some aniline derivatives related to toxic syndrome were administered to mice by both intraperitoneal and via oral. The substances were phenylamino-1,2-propanediol (PAP) and its mono- and dioleoyl esters. Behaviour, weight evolution and mortality of animals were studied and their organs were weighed and macroscopically observed. Extracts of organs were chromatographically analysed for the presence of aniline derivatives. The highest mortality was produced by PAP (via i.p) followed by PAP monoester (i.p.). Changes in lungs, spleen and liver were observed in sacrificed animals. The highest morbidity was produced by PAP (i.p.) followed by PAP monoester through both means. PAP diester caused no injury in mice at least for a short time. PAP (p.o.) was eliminated in urine, and was also innocuou