The GIRAFFE Inner Bulge Survey (GIBS). I. Survey Description and a kinematical map of the Milky Way bulge

The Galactic bulge is a massive, old component of the Milky Way. It is known to host a bar, and it has recently been demonstrated to have a pronounced boxy/peanut structure in its outer region. Several independent studies suggest the presence of more than one stellar populations in the bulge, with different origins and a relative fraction changing across the bulge area. This is the first of a series of papers presenting the results of the Giraffe Inner Bulge Survey, carried out at the ESO-VLT with the multifibre spectrograph FLAMES. Spectra of ~5000 red clump giants in 24 bulge fields have been obtained at resolution R=6500, in the infrared Calcium triplet wavelength region at 8500 {\AA}. They are used to derive radial velocities and metallicities, based on new calibration specifically devised for this project. Radial velocities for another ~1200 bulge red clump giants, obtained from similar archive data, have been added to the sample. Higher resolution spectra have been obtained for 450 additional stars at latitude b=-3.5, with the aim of investigating chemical abundance patterns variations with longitude, across the inner bulge. In total we present here radial velocities for 6392 RC stars. We derive a radial velocity, and velocity dispersion map of the Milky Way bulge, useful to be compared with similar maps of external bulges, and to infer the expected velocities and dispersion at any line of sight. The K-type giants kinematics is consistent with the cylindrical rotation pattern of M-giants from the BRAVA survey. Our sample enables to extend this result to latitude b=-2, closer to the Galactic plane than probed by previous surveys. Finally, we find strong evidence for a velocity dispersion peak at (0,-1) and (0,-2), possibly indicative of a high density peak in the central 250 pc of the bulgeComment: A&A in pres

Degradation and forgone removals increase the carbon impact of intact forest loss by 626%

Intact tropical forests, free from substantial anthropogenic influence, store and sequester large amounts of atmospheric carbon but are currently neglected in international climate policy. We show that between 2000 and 2013, direct clearance of intact tropical forest areas accounted for 3.2% of gross carbon emissions from all deforestation across the pantropics. However, full carbon accounting requires the consideration of forgone carbon sequestration, selective logging, edge effects, and defaunation. When these factors were considered, the net carbon impact resulting from intact tropical forest loss between 2000 and 2013 increased by a factor of 6 (626%), from 0.34 (0.37 to 0.21) to 2.12 (2.85 to 1.00) petagrams of carbon (equivalent to approximately 2 years of global land use change emissions). The climate mitigation value of conserving the 549 million ha of tropical forest that remains intact is therefore significant but will soon dwindle if their rate of loss continues to accelerate

Rapid evolution of chemosensory receptor genes in a pair of sibling species of orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini).

BackgroundInsects rely more on chemical signals (semiochemicals) than on any other sensory modality to find, identify, and choose mates. In most insects, pheromone production is typically regulated through biosynthetic pathways, whereas pheromone sensory detection is controlled by the olfactory system. Orchid bees are exceptional in that their semiochemicals are not produced metabolically, but instead male bees collect odoriferous compounds (perfumes) from the environment and store them in specialized hind-leg pockets to subsequently expose during courtship display. Thus, the olfactory sensory system of orchid bees simultaneously controls male perfume traits (sender components) and female preferences (receiver components). This functional linkage increases the opportunities for parallel evolution of male traits and female preferences, particularly in response to genetic changes of chemosensory detection (e.g. Odorant Receptor genes). To identify whether shifts in pheromone composition among related lineages of orchid bees are associated with divergence in chemosensory genes of the olfactory periphery, we searched for patterns of divergent selection across the antennal transcriptomes of two recently diverged sibling species Euglossa dilemma and E. viridissima.ResultsWe identified 3185 orthologous genes including 94 chemosensory loci from five different gene families (Odorant Receptors, Ionotropic Receptors, Gustatory Receptors, Odorant Binding Proteins, and Chemosensory Proteins). Our results revealed that orthologs with signatures of divergent selection between E. dilemma and E. viridissima were significantly enriched for chemosensory genes. Notably, elevated signals of divergent selection were almost exclusively observed among chemosensory receptors (i.e. Odorant Receptors).ConclusionsOur results suggest that rapid changes in the chemosensory gene family occurred among closely related species of orchid bees. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that strong divergent selection acting on chemosensory receptor genes plays an important role in the evolution and diversification of insect pheromone systems

Efectos mediados por hospedero en la variación del tamaño de frutos del muérdago hemiparásito Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae)

Background and Aims: Most fruits of Psittacanthus mistletoes (Loranthaceae) depend on frugivorous birds for seed dispersal, and their spatial distribution patterns within and between hosts are strongly influenced by the behavior of seed dispersers. Despite the importance of birds in their dispersal and distribution, the effects of host species on fruit size variation have not been investigated to any large extent. The aim of this study was to characterize fruit size variation of Psittacanthus schiedeanus ripe fruits growing on different host species. We expect that the fruit size traits will vary according to the quality of host species, and that this variation will correspond to those in mistletoe reproductive success. Methods: Fully ripe fruits from Psittacanthus schiedeanus mistletoe plants growing on different host tree species were collected at two locations (Tlalnelhuayocan and Coapexpan) of cloud forest in central Veracruz, Mexico, measured (length and width and length of cupular pedicels) and weighed to describe fruit size differences. Key results: Cupular pedicel length and fruit size were significantly affected by host species. On average, longest cupular pedicels and larger fruits were found on plants growing on naturally growing Acacia pennatula, Quercus germana, Ostrya virginiana and Liquidambar styraciflua, whereas the smaller ones were found generally on cultivated host trees. Conclusions: The results provide us with valuable information for further species comparisons regarding the effects of host species on fruit size variation. Although the effects of host species on fruit size variation might vary across space, fruit size differences might be the result of host-resource differences. Further study on fruit selection and fruit handling by seed dispersers is needed to discuss whether the observed fruit size variation correlates with fruit selection and handling by main consumers, and with successful attachment and establishment to host branch after gut passage.Antecedentes y Objetivos: La mayoría de los frutos de los muérdagos de Psittacanthus (Loranthaceae) para la dispersión de sus semillas dependen de las aves frugívoras, y el comportamiento de estos dispersores influye en sus patrones de distribución espacial dentro y entre hospederos. A pesar de la importancia de las aves en su dispersión y distribución, los efectos de la especie de hospedero en la variación del tamaño de los frutos no han sido investigados de manera extensa. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la variación del tamaño de los frutos maduros de Psittacanthus schiedeanus que crecen en diferentes especies de hospedero. Esperamos que los rasgos del tamaño de los frutos varíen de acuerdo con la calidad de la especie del hospedero, y que esta variación se corresponda con la del éxito reproductivo del muérdago. Métodos: Frutos maduros de plantas de muérdagos Psittacanthus schiedeanus creciendo en especies diferentes de árboles hospederos fueron colectados en dos sitios (Tlalnelhuayocan y Coapexpan) de bosque mesófilo de montaña en el centro de Veracruz, México, medidos (largo y ancho y largo de los pedicelos cupulares) y pesados para describir las diferencias en su tamaño. Resultados clave: La longitud del pedicelo cupular y el tamaño del fruto se vieron significativamente afectados por la especie de hospedero. En promedio, pedicelos cupulares más largos y frutos más grandes se encontraron en plantas que crecen en Acacia pennatula, Quercus germana, Ostrya virginiana y Liquidambar styraciflua, mientras que los más pequeños se encontraron generalmente en plantas sobre árboles hospederos cultivados. Conclusiones: Los resultados nos brindan información valiosa para futuras comparaciones entre especies en relación con los efectos de la especie de hospedero en la variación del tamaño de los frutos. Aunque los efectos de la especie de hospedero en la variación del tamaño de los frutos pueden variar en el espacio, las diferencias en el tamaño de los frutos pueden ser el resultado de diferencias en el recurso del hospedero. Se necesitan más estudios sobre la selección y el manejo de los frutos por parte de los dispersores de semillas, para discutir si la variación observada en el tamaño de los frutos se correlaciona con la selección y el manejo de los frutos por parte de los principales consumidores, y con la unión y el establecimiento exitosos en la rama del hospedero después del paso por el tracto intestinal

The Subantarctic Rayadito (Aphrastura subantarctica), a new bird species on the southernmost islands of the Americas

We describe a new taxon of terrestrial bird of the genus Aphrastura (rayaditos) inhabiting the Diego Ramírez Archipelago, the southernmost point of the American continent. This archipelago is geographically isolated and lacks terrestrial mammalian predators as well as woody plants, providing a contrasted habitat to the forests inhabited by the other two Aphrastura spp. Individuals of Diego Ramírez differ morphologically from Aphrastura spinicauda, the taxonomic group they were originally attributed to, by their larger beaks, longer tarsi, shorter tails, and larger body mass. These birds move at shorter distances from ground level, and instead of nesting in cavities in trees, they breed in cavities in the ground, reflecting different life-histories. Both taxa are genetically differentiated based on mitochondrial and autosomal markers, with no evidence of current gene flow. Although further research is required to define how far divergence has proceeded along the speciation continuum, we propose A. subantarctica as a new taxonomic unit, given its unique morphological, genetic, and behavioral attributes in a non-forested habitat. The discovery of this endemic passerine highlights the need to monitor and conserve this still-pristine archipelago devoid of exotic species, which is now protected by the recently created Diego Ramírez Islands-Drake Passage Marine Park.Fil: Rozzi, Ricardo. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. University of North Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Quilodrán, Claudio S.. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Universite de Fribourg;Fil: Botero Delgadillo, Esteban. Max Plank Institute for Ornithology; Alemania. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Napolitano, Constanza. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Universidad de Los Lagos; Chile. Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad; ChileFil: Torres Mura, Juan C.. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Union de Ornitologos de Chile; ChileFil: Barroso, Omar. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Crego, Ramiro D.. Conservation Ecology Center; Estados UnidosFil: Bravo, Camila. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Ippi, Silvina Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Quirici, Verónica. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Mackenzie, Roy. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Suazo, Cristián G.. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen; AlemaniaFil: Rivero de Aguilar, Juan. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Goffinet, Bernard. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. University of Connecticut; Estados UnidosFil: Kempenaers, Bart. Max Plank Institute for Ornithology; SuizaFil: Poulin, Elie. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Vásquez, Rodrigo A.. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Universidad de Chile; Chil

Mediating role of inclusive leadership in innovative teaching behavior

Purpose: The prime purpose of current research is to investigate the mediating role of inclusive leadership between teaching policy, teachingresources,and innovativeteaching behavior. Design/methodology/approach: This research has collected data on a Likert scale questionnaire and the structural equation modeling technique is applied in data analysis.The population of this research are teachers in Peru. Findings: The findings of this research highlighted that the mediating role of inclusive leadership is significant between teaching policy, teachingresources,and innovative teaching behavior.Furthermore, the research highlighted that the direct impact of teaching policy, teachingresources, and inclusiveleadership are significant in innovative teaching behavior.Research limitations/implications: This research has theoretical implications as it has enhanced the model of innovative teaching with mediating role of inclusive leadership. Furthermore, the practical implications of this research can improve teaching behavior innovatively by adopting new policies for teaching and utilizing appropriate resources for it. Originality/value: This research is designed on the original idea to improve the model of innovative teaching behavior with inclusive leadership to provide remarkable implications in the knowledge and practice.Campus Chimbot

Towards Critical Studies of Disabilities: engaging Latin American theoretical perspectives on Congenital Zika Syndrome

Infection with the Zika virus during pregnancy can cause disability, yet disability remains under theorised in studies on Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Existing studies are largely exploratory and descriptive in nature, and thus a deeper analysis is needed. Where theory has been applied, there is limited engagement with Latin American theoretical perspectives. The social construction of disability, and of caregiver identity in particular warrant further analysis. Understanding that disability is constructed through an ‘ideology of normality’ can help make sense of parents’ reactions to a diagnosis of CZS. Caregivers resistance to biomedical narratives about disability is apparent in the case of CZS and deserves further attention. Consideration has been given to the ways that social location and shared temporality in relationships of care shape caregiver identity. Here I read these together to reach a fuller understanding of how caregivers and the people they care for develop a shared embodiment. An analysis bringing together Latin American Critical Disability Studies with other critical theoretical perspectives can advance theorisations of disability and the experiences of caregivers in their social, political, economic and historical contexts

Intervención social en educación artística construcción significativa de la cultura barrio Villa Mery de la comuna San Nicolás Pereira

La siguiente investigación inicia como una primera prueba piloto de intervención social en educación artística, con la infancia de 7 a 12 años del barrio Villa Mery de la Comuna San Nicolás de la ciudad de Pereira. Desde la interacción y el estudio de campo, se desarrolló una serie de diez talleres desde las prácticas artísticas con el fin de analizar la manera en como los niños y las niñas viven en su cotidianidad, teniendo como enfoque las situaciones problemáticas psicosociales que influyen en la construcción y actuar del pensamiento. Como primer análisis descriptivo del diagnóstico, a partir de la teoría del aprendizaje de Piaget se plantea la posibilidad de que el desequilibrio presentado en algunos de los niños y las niñas por factores perturbadores, que desde la imitación se ejercen como normales y calificativos de la identidad cultural para el sujeto y la comunidad, puede ser encaminado desde la mediación artística contextualizada hacia un proceso de reflexión que permita el ejercicio autónomo de la conciencia. En la medida en que se promueva y aplique, enriquecerá el desarrollo de competencias integrales en los sujetos, necesarias para la estructuración del pensamiento como un proceso de reconstrucción significativa individual y social de lo cultural

El entrenamiento de la resistencia de la fuerza rápida en luchadores pioneriles

The present work aims to elaborate a methodological alternative for the development of fast force resistance in wrestlers of the pioneer category of the sports team “Jesús Feliu Leyva” of Holguín municipality in 2017. To carry out the investigation, methods from the theoretical and empirical level methods were used, that made possible to understand the different elements that affect the problem under study, as well as the possibility of finding an adequate scientific answer to these elements.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo elaborar una alternativa metodológica para el desarrollo de la resistencia de la fuerza rápida en luchadores de la categoría pioneril del combinado deportivo “Jesús Feliu Leyva” del municipio Holguín. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico y empírico, que posibilitaron la compresión de los distintos elementos que inciden en el problema objeto de estudio, así como la posibilidad de encontrar una respuesta científica adecuada a estos elementos